Although sonocatalytic immunotherapy has emerged as a compelling strategy, its therapeutic efficacy remains substantially limited by the suboptimal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency of sonosensitizers as well as inadequate immune activation. Herein, a novel porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (denoted as BTP MOF) featuring a donor-acceptor (D-A) architecture was rationally constructed through an innovative dual-solvent strategy for efficient sonocatalytic immunotherapy. A probable structural model of BTP has been proposed based on a combination of structural characterization and Rietveld refinement results, in which acceptor molecules partially replaced the original porphyrin ligand sites in the MOF, forming a localized D-A configuration. This structure significantly facilitated electron-hole separation, as evidenced by a notable decrease in the spatial overlap integral to centroid distance ratio (S/D), while also reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap, thereby effectively promoting intersystem crossing. Leveraging the dual-path synergistic enhancement mechanism, BTP exhibited significantly improved ROS production efficiency upon ultrasonic irradiation, which enabled highly efficient sonodynamic therapy and induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby ultimately activating the antitumor immune response in vivo. This work not only provides a novel molecular design strategy for developing highly efficient sonosensitizers, but also offers a promising material platform for advancing sonocatalytic immunotherapy.

Based on the service characteristics of fuel elements for molten salt reactors,they need to have a high power density,resistance to coolant infiltration,and excellent thermody-namic properties.To solve the problem of the graphite used in the fuel element for these re-actors being susceptible to molten salt infiltra-tion,carbon black(CB)was added to increase the density of the graphite,and a fuel element(TRISO(tri-structural isotropic)fuel particles were randomly distributed in the modified graphite matrix)was prepared by cold isostatic pressing process.An out-of-pile performance study shows that the densification and pore structure of the modified graphite matrix were improved,as was the resistance to molten salt infiltration.The median pore size of the modified graphite was reduced from 673 to 433 nm and the threshold pressure for molten salt(FLiBe,66%(molar fraction)LiF and 34%BeF2)infiltration was increased from 0.88 to 1.37 MPa.The isotropic CB made the graphite matrix less anisotropic,while its thermal conductivity and compressive strength were reduced due to the difficult graphitization of CB.Fuel elements containing 20%(volume fraction)TRISO particles were prepared.Numerical simulations show that the power and temperature distribution of the fuel were in line with the design requirements.The modified graphite matrix had a higher density,smaller pores,a lower anisotropy and a greater res-istance to FLiBe infiltration.

ABSTRACT Single‐phase white‐emitting luminescent materials are ideal for high‐quality lighting applications. However, achieving white emission across the full spectral range in single‐dopant activated luminescent materials remains challenging. Herein, Eu 2+ ‐activated RbK 7 (Li 3 SiO 4 ) 8 :Eu 2+ (Rb 1 K 7 :Eu 2+ ) phosphor was developed based on crystallographic site engineering, which shows a narrow‐band blue emission at 460 nm, ascribed to the 5d→4f transition of Eu 2+ at Rb sites, and a broad‐band red emission at 630 nm, originating from the defect‐induced charge transfer. Compared with Rb 1 K 7 :Eu 2+ , Rb 1.5 K 6.5 (Li 3 SiO 4 ) 8 :Eu 2+ (Rb 1.5 K 6.5 :Eu 2+ ) exhibits a more continuous emission with increasing Rb + content, featuring an additional green emission at 540 nm, attributed to Eu 2+ at K1/K2 sites. The Rb 1.5 K 6.5 :Eu 2+ shows white emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) under 390 nm near‐ultraviolet excitation. Given that the three emission peaks exhibit distinct response characteristics under different temperatures and excitation wavelengths, an optical thermometer and optical anti‐counterfeiting were designed. Finally, a single‐phase phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diode (pc‐WLED) fabricated by employing the Rb 1.5 K 6.5 :Eu 2+ demonstrates well‐distributed white light with a high color‐rendering index (CRI) of 92.5 and a low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5477 K. These results provide a new design strategy for single‐phase white‐emitting materials utilizing crystallographic site engineering.

Single-component materials capable of exhibiting both excitation-dependent fluorescence and time-resolved afterglow are highly desirable for advanced photonic applications, yet remain scarce. Herein, we report a novel zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP), (BPY)2ZrCl6:Sb3+([BPY]+ = N-butyl-pyridinium cation), which exhibits excitation-dependent fluorescence and green afterglow properties. This dual emission originates from distinct luminescent centers: self-trapped excitons (STEs) and d-d transitions within the [ZrCl6]2- octahedra, and the organic [BPY]+ cations. The incorporation of Sb3+ enables efficient energy transfer from the host to the [SbCl6]3- dopant, leading to broadly tunable white-light emission from green to orange-red and a notable reduction in afterglow lifetime. Density functional theory calculations revealed the origin of the afterglow, and the band narrowing and exciton localization effects caused by Sb3+ doping. Leveraging this tunable emission and time-resolved afterglow, we demonstrate high-quality white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and a dynamic anti-counterfeiting system using ASCII-based time-gated decoding. This work provides insights into energy-transfer engineering in 0D OIHP and establishes a material platform that integrates efficient lighting with advanced information encryption.

Metal halide ionic octahedra, serving as the fundamental optoelectronic unit in halide perovskites, enable near-infrared (NIR) luminescence via transition-metal ion incorporation. However, their intrinsically low radiative efficiency and inadequate operational stability have posed significant challenges for practical implementation. In this work, we report the first successful synthesis of a highly stable Mo-doped Sn-based perovskite NIR emitter via a one-step hydrothermal approach, which exhibits unprecedented dual broadband NIR emission (800-1630 nm). The oxidation of Sn2+ induces the formation of mixed Mo4+/3+ valence states, while the synergy of lattice distortion, spin-orbit coupling, and vibronic coupling activates multiple d-d transitions. Specifically, they promote the 1T2g/1Eg -> 3T1g transition of Mo4+ and the Gamma 8(2T1g) ->Gamma 8(4A2g) transition of Mo3+, achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 68% at room temperature. Notably, this NIR-emitting halide maintains 88% of its room-temperature emission intensity at 423 K, demonstrating exceptionally low thermal quenching. Moreover, the precise control of Mo doping level and the introduction of Sn2+ enable the systematic tailoring of the NIR-I/II luminescence. This breakthrough not only provides fundamental design principles for developing next-generation broadband NIR-I and II emitting material but also establishes a new application platform in night-vision and vascular imaging for optoelectronic devices with superior performance.

ABSTRACT Ultrasound (US)‐induced tumor cell pyroptosis holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy; however, its efficacy is often constrained by the inadequate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of conventional sonosensitizers. Herein, one‐dimensional porphyrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (designated as TD‐aniline and TD‐FeCl 3 ) with well‐defined structures were constructed under mild conditions via a novel synthesis strategy that employed aniline or FeCl 3 as crystallization modulators, thereby achieving efficient ROS generation and controllable activation of tumor cell pyroptosis. Notably, FeCl 3 not only promoted the ordered assembly of TD‐FeCl 3 but also introduced metal sites via coordination with porphyrin cores, resulting in superior sonodynamic performance compared to TD‐aniline. Specifically, metal coordination in TD‐FeCl 3 reduced its band gap to promote electron‐hole pair (e − –h + ) generation under ultrasound. Meanwhile, the introduced Fe 3+ diminished spatial e − –h + overlap in the excited state, thereby suppressing charge recombination, and ultimately channeling more excited‐state energy into a synergistic enhancement of superoxide anion and singlet oxygen production. Moreover, US irradiation enhanced the Fenton‐like activity of TD‐FeCl 3 . Based on its superior ROS generation capacity, TD‐FeCl 3 effectively promoted US‐triggered pyroptosis in tumor cells, leading to robust antitumor immune responses. This work establishes a novel paradigm for the controlled synthesis of one‐dimensional COFs and opens new avenues for pyroptosis‐based immunotherapy.

Yttrium hydride (YHx) is considered a promising moderator material for advanced small modular reactors due to its excellent neutronic performance and high-temperature stability. Its oxidation behavior under accident conditions (e.g., air ingress) is critical for the safety evaluation. In this study, the oxidation mechanism and microstructural evolution of YHx were investigated at 600 degrees C for 4 h under various oxygen partial pressures (pO(2): 1 x 10(-3) Pa, 1 x 10(-2) Pa, 1 x 10(-1) Pa) and in air. The results demonstrated that the oxidation process was dominated by pO(2). At low pO(2) (1 x 10(-3) Pa, 1 x 10(-2) Pa), oxidation kinetics were suppressed, with mass gain rates of 1.71 and 2.02 g/(m(2)center dot h), and a non-coherent interface formed. At high pO(2) (1 x 10(-1) Pa), the mass gain rate increased to 3.37 g/(m(2)center dot h), and the interface transformed to a semi-coherent interface. Meanwhile, the volume expansion induced by the phase transformation from YH2 to Y2O3 gives rise to stress accumulation and crack initiation, which compromised the integrity of the oxide layer, resulting in a thick, porous, and non-protective oxide scale. These findings clarify the oxidation mechanism and microstructural evolution of yttrium hydride, providing support for the probabilistic safety assessment of YHx-moderated reactors under accident conditions.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, in which the diffusion of lipid peroxidation substrates on the plasma membrane is hindered by lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting the ferroptosis process. Lipid rafts are microdomains composed of cholesterol, sphingolipids, and specific proteins. Notably, cholesterol acyltransferase sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is highly expressed in various malignant tumors, where it promotes tumor cell growth by enhancing intracellular cholesterol storage. To alleviate the obstruction of ferroptosis progression by lipid rafts, we developed human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSA@Aur&Ava) for codelivery of the SOAT1 inhibitor avasimibe (Ava) and the ferroptosis inducer auranofin (Aur). Ava indirectly disrupts the structure of lipid rafts by blocking cholesterol esterification, while Aur induces ferroptosis by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase. The synergistic effect of these two agents enhances the accumulation of lipid peroxides and the occurrence of ferroptosis. Additionally, tumor cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which enhance the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and further recruit CD8+ T cells, thereby activating the immune response. The nanoparticles significantly inhibit tumor progression through chemotherapy and immunotherapy, offering an insight for highly effective antitumor strategies from the standpoint of cholesterol metabolism.

In this study, 2D/2D core-shell CoS2@ZnIn2S4 p-n heterojunction photocatalysts were successfully constructed for efficient solar-driven H2 evolution. Hexagonal CoS2 nanosheets were first synthesized by low-temperature vulcanization using Co(OH)2 as a sacrificial template, followed by the in situ growth of ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets via a low-temperature solvothermal process, forming a well-defined core-shell architecture with a built-in electric field. The optimized 20-CoS2@ZnIn2S4 exhibited a H2 evolution rate of 5.426 mmol g- 1 h- 1, which was 11.8 times higher than that of pristine ZnIn2S4. The enhanced activity was attributed to the tight coreshell interface, improved light absorption from the black CoS2 core, and efficient separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers driven by the p-n junction. Moreover, 20-CoS2@ZnIn2S4 retained 93.3% of its initial activity after four cycles, demonstrating good photochemical stability. This work provides insight into designing noble-metal-free heterostructured photocatalysts for solar H2 production.

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides a novel solution for the advanced fabrication of components in small modular molten salt reactor (SM-MSR). In this study, AM Ni-16Mo-7Cr superalloy samples were successfully fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) using systematically optimized scanning strategies and process parameters. To evaluate the applicability of the AM alloy under SM-MSR service conditions, high-temperature helium ion irradiation experiments were carried out, supplemented molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicated that the AM Ni-16Mo-7Cr superalloy exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to irradiation hardening and swelling compared to its traditionally manufactured (TM) counterpart. Specifically, the irradiation-induced hardening was 46.31% for the AM alloy versus 91.68% for the TM alloy, while the swelling rates were 0.03% and 0.11%, respectively. The Orowan model was employed to establish the correlation between irradiation-induced defects and the resulting mechanical degradation. Furthermore, MD simulations were performed to elucidate the roles of sub-grain boundaries and dislocations in He bubble evolution, revealing that sub-grain boundaries play a dominant role in governing the size and distribution of He bubbles. These findings demonstrated that the intrinsic microstructures induced by the AM process were responsible for the alloy's outstanding irradiation tolerance, thereby providing a critical scientific basis for the application of AM technology in SM-MSR.

Yttrium hydride (YHx) has attracted significant research attention in fields such as solid-state moderators for advanced nuclear energy systems, owing to its superior hydrogen storage density. However, traditional preparation processes struggle to overcome the intrinsic contradiction between the requirement for high densification and severe high-temperature dehydrogenation. Therefore, this study prepared YHx monoliths using a hot-pressing sintering process and systematically investigated the densification mechanism and micro-defect evolution under a strong thermo-mechanical coupling field. The results indicate that 750∼775 °C is the optimal sintering temperature window for balancing optimal processing window balancing near-full densification with controlled hydrogen retention. Its densification mechanism is fundamentally governed by the evolution of deformation-stored energy. In the initial stage of hot-pressing consolidation, the mechanical compaction dominated by external axial stress injects a high density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and deformation stored energy into the matrix. As the temperature rises, ample thermal energy effectively activates the dynamic recovery and recrystallization processes of the matrix, releasing the lattice distortion energy through significant structural relaxation and large-scale dislocation annihilation. These findings provide an important reference for fabricating high-performance YHx components for advanced nuclear applications.

In this work, a series of Eu2+-doped SrLa2Sc2O7 phosphors were rationally designed and synthesized, exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent thermal stability. Under 440 nm blue-light excitation, these phosphors show a broad red emission band centered at 613 nm, with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 81 nm (corresponding to ∼0.26 eV at ∼613 nm). By employing a Sr2+/Ba2+ substitution strategy to modulate the local crystal field around Eu2+, both a redshift in the emission peak and significant spectral broadening were achieved. Notably, complete substitution of Sr2+ with Ba2+ yielded a BaLa2Sc1.985O7:0.015Eu2+ phosphor that exhibits a broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission peaking at 812 nm with an ultrabroad fwhm of 318 nm (corresponding to ∼0.59 eV at ∼812 nm). Moreover, aliovalent substitution of Eu2+ for Sc3+ generates oxygen-vacancy-related defect centers that act as carrier traps, extending the emission lifetime and enhancing resistance to thermal quenching in SrLa2Sc1.985O7:0.015Eu2+. In addition, incorporation of larger Ba2+ ions softens the host lattice, strengthening excited-state lattice relaxation and electron-phonon coupling, thereby increasing the Stokes shift and further broadening the Eu2+ emission band to realize tunable broadband red-to-NIR emission in Eu2+-activated Sr1-xBaxLa2Sc2O7 phosphors. These findings broaden the family of Eu2+-activated scandate oxide phosphors and provide a viable strategy for tuning broadband NIR emission via targeted cation substitution devices.

Near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) luminescence is pivotal for advanced imaging and photonic technologies, with emission linewidth serving as a critical performance determinant. Typically, rare-earth ions enable sharp NIR-II emission via f-f transitions, which are constrained by their intrinsically small absorption cross-sections. As an emerging alternative, Mo3+-based perovskite systems with intra-configurational spin-flip (ICSF) transitions offer a promising route to ultra-narrowband NIR-II emission, yet achieving stable emission under ambient conditions remains a major challenge. Here we report the successful stabilization of Mo3+ ions in a series of quadruple perovskites, Cs4Cd1-xMnx(Sb/Bi)2Cl12 (x = 0-1.0), via a SnCl2-assisted hydrothermal method. This series luminescent materials exhibit characteristic ultra-narrowband NIR-II emission (~1093 nm) and a unique dual emission covering the deep-red (690-740 nm) and NIR-II regions (1050-1150 nm) at low temperatures. Systematic co-doping with Mn2+ is demonstrated to significantly enhance the Mo3+ emission via an efficient energy transfer process, achieving a maximum energy transfer efficiency of 86 % and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 74 %. Finally, NIR-II phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) were fabricated, demonstrating promising performance in non-destructive testing, security screening, agricultural sorting, and biomedical imaging. This work provides a stable, efficient NIR-II luminescence platform and advances understanding of energy transfer in Mo3+-doped perovskites.

Xe ion irradiation was carried out to investigate the differences in microstructural damage and hardening behavior in ML-PBF 316L stainless steel (SS) between single laser forming zone and overlap zone at room-temperature (RT) and 700 degrees C. The results showed that both zones exhibited irradiation hardening saturation at RT and 700 degrees C while the overlap zone exhibited lower irradiation hardening degree. Notable irradiation swelling was observed in both zones at RT, with the overlap zone displaying a moderately lower swelling rate. No phase transformations were confirmed via GIXRD, although slight shifts in the diffraction peaks were found. Furthermore, TEM observations demonstrated that after RT irradiation, the average diameters of dislocation loops in the single laser forming zone and overlap zone were 10.2 nm and 12.5 nm, with corresponding average densities of 6.2 & times; 1022 m-3 and 5.7 & times; 1022 m-3, respectively. The average sizes of the Xe bubbles in the single laser forming zone and overlap zone after 700 degrees C irradiation were 6.5 nm and 7.2 nm, respectively, with corresponding average densities of 5.2 & times; 1022 m-3 and 3.7 & times; 1022 m-3. According to calculations using the dispersed barrier hardening (DBH) model, the dislocation loops induced by RT irradiation and Xe bubbles generated at 700 degrees C irradiation were identified as the dominant factors governing the irradiation hardening response. These findings provided critical insights into the irradiation damage mechanisms of ML-PBF 316L SS, thereby offering guidance for ML-PBF process in the fabrication of large-scale nuclear components.

Nanomedicines leverage multifunctional components to engineer precise nanocarriers, with the goal of enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing off-target effects in cancer treatments. However, the development of drug carriers integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions faces significant challenges, including sophisticated synthetic routes, poor stability, limited biodegradability, and poor metabolization. Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), a category of supramolecular amorphous networks fabricated by the coordinated self-assembly involving phenolic ligands and metal ions, have arisen as burgeoning candidates for biomedical application due to their facile fabrication, favorable biocompatibility, versatile loading capability, intrinsic biodegradability, and pH responsiveness, primarily functioning as multifunctional theranostic nanoformulations. In addition, surface engineering strategies enable the customization of MPNs to fulfill diverse application demands. Here, the strategies for constructing various types of MPNs are first summarized, succeeded by the presentation of distinct properties of MPNs. Then, their advancements in diverse programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and disulfidptosis, together with bioimaging and corresponding induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), are emphasized. Eventually, the principal constraints, current obstacles, and future perspectives regarding MPNs are offered and examined for enhancing cancer therapy.

The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and densification behaviors of W14Re2 (with a Re atomic ratio of 12.50 % and a mass ratio of 12.64 %) was explored for the first time utilizing spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The results reveal that Re is uniformly dispersed within the W matrix following highenergy ball milling. 1300 degrees C serves as a critical threshold for the microstructural transformation of W14Re2 alloy, during which the grain morphology evolves from nearly spherical to equiaxed. 1400 degrees C marks a pivotal temperature point for the densification transition of W14Re2, where the sample surface transforms from being porous and loose to highly dense. Overall, as the temperature rises, the grain size demonstrates a gradual increasing tendency. Specifically, the average W grain size attains approximately 1 mu m at 1700 degrees C, which corresponds to a theoretical density of 97.47 %. Furthermore, the two phases exhibit an alternating peak-and-valley elemental concentration profile along the interface. The HRTEM reveals uniformly distributed diffraction spots with alternating intensities at the two-phase interface. These spots oscillate asymmetrically around the original lattice positions, suggesting a twin-like structural feature. This phenomenon can be attributed to Re doping-induced lattice distortion in the W matrix at elevated temperatures, coupled with interfacial interactions that facilitate solid solution formation between the phases. This study offers a preliminary investigation into the sintering properties of the W14Re2 alloy and is anticipated to establish a groundwork for facilitating further optimized preparation of W-Re alloys.

Development of single-atom nanocatalysts with photoresponsive and enzyme-like properties has opened innovative avenues for improving the tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. However, their further application was restricted by the insufficient adsorption/desorption for multireaction intermediates and poor light tissue penetration. Herein, we constructed mesoporous silica-supported, O-bridged asymmetric cobalt-manganese (Co-O-Mn) dual-atom nanozyme, coated on the surface of 1550 nm-excited upconversion (UC) nanoparticles and modified with polyethylene glycol (denoted as P/U@CoMnDA), for the PDT, thermal-enhanced enzyme dynamic therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly, the incorporation of Co-O-Mn sites not only selectively enhanced the catalase (CAT)- and oxidase (OXD)-like activities of the P/U@CoMnDA, but also suppressed the peroxidase-like reaction and endowed the nanocatalysts with a narrowed bandgap (1.25 eV). Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that the incorporation of Co-O-Mn sites upshifted the d-band center and optimized the adsorption-dissociation equilibrium for the O-containing intermediates. Under the dual stimulation of 1550 nm irradiation and intratumoral acidity, the H2O2 substrate was decomposed by CAT-like activity into O2, which was reduced to ·O2- by UC-induced electrons and OXD-like activity, and further oxidized by holes to cytotoxic 1O2. Leveraging its high photothermal conversion property (η = 52.8%) and bienzymatic cascade performances, P/U@CoMnDA exhibited desirable tumor growth inhibition (92.8%). This work established practicable paradigms for designing the biomedical nanozymes at the atomic level.

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a promising route for fabricating components of small modular molten salt reactors (SM-MSRs). To clarify the influence of AM-induced microstructures on irradiation hardening, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated Ni–16Mo–7Cr (UNS N10003) alloy and its traditionally manufactured (TM) counterpart were irradiated with Xe ions at the temperature of RT and 700°C. Nanoindentation results showed that both specimens reached hardening saturation at low doses after RT irradiation. At 700°C, however, the irradiation hardening degree increased gradually with dose without pronounced saturation. The irradiation hardening degrees of the AM specimens were markedly lower than those of the TM specimens at both RT and 700°C, indicating that the AM alloys exhibited greater resistance to irradiation hardening. For the AM alloy, GIXRD revealed lattice contractions of 0.31% at RT and 0.48% at 700°C after irradiation to 30 dpa. The former was mainly attributed to irradiation-induced defects and near-surface residual compressive stress, whereas the latter arose from Xe-bubble-induced local compression and matrix solute depletion caused by M2C precipitation. In the AM alloy irradiated to 30 dpa at 700°C, Xe bubbles and precipitates reached number densities of 1.17 ± 0.04 × 1023 m−3 and 5.74 ± 0.40 × 1021 m−3, respectively, with carbides preferentially distributed near sub-grain boundaries. Dispersed barrier hardening analysis indicated that the Xe bubbles and precipitates dominated hardening in the AM alloy at 700°C, with precipitates providing the larger contribution. These results clarify how AM-induced microstructures influence defect evolution and hardening in the UNS N10003 alloy.

Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death (PCD), holds exceptional promise for activating antitumor immunity. However, achieving precise and tumor-selective pyroptosis induction while preserving normal tissue integrity remains a major translational hurdle. Ultrasound has emerged as an ideal exogenous stimulus for this purpose, owing to its noninvasiveness, deep tissue penetration, and precise spatiotemporal control. Through integration with tailored nanomaterials, ultrasound energy can be specifically converted into localized biochemical signals at the tumor site, thereby triggering pyroptosis that potently stimulates antitumor immunity. This review systematically elucidates how rational nanomaterial design enables ultrasound-triggered pyroptosis (sonopyroptosis) through distinct mechanisms, including sonodynamic, sonopiezocatalytic, enzyme-mimetic, and multimodal synergistic pathways. It further delineates the ensuing immune cascade, from innate immune activation and adaptive T cell responses to the remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and evaluates the synergistic potential of this approach with emerging immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and cGAS-STING pathway activation. Finally, key challenges in clinical translation are outlined, and future perspectives are proposed to accelerate the development of nanomaterial-mediated ultrasound-triggered pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy.

Development of efficient and structurally stable zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid antimony halide materials still encounters huge challenges due to the limited and time-consuming trial-and-error design principle. Here, a host-guest chemistry strategy is employed at the A-site to design a series of hybrid antimony-based bimetallic halides (HABHs) with a general formula of [A(L)6][BCln] (A = lanthanide and alkaline earth metals; B = Sb, In, and Bi; and L = urea ligands with different substituents). Controllable structural regulation is achieved by adjusting the steric effect of large [A(L)6]2+/3+ clusters, realizing a wide photoluminescence (PL) spectral modulation and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) over 98%. Some photophysical properties could be well correlated with specific structural changes. The PL spectral profile and emission energy are mainly dependent on the distortion of the SbCln polyhedra. In particular, a quantitatively exponential relationship between PLQY and structural parameters (bond distortion, angle deviation, and the defined effective Cl number describing the integrity of the hydrogen bonding network) related to the [SbCln](n-3)- sublattice has been reasonably established. As supported by theoretical calculations and photophysical analysis, strong exciton localization with negligible nonradiative recombination has been demonstrated for high PLQY, which results from a highly symmetrical rigid structure and the "shielding effect" of a complete hydrogen bonding network. Environmental stability and unique temperature-dependent PL behaviors enable multiapplications. This work proposes a quantitative "structure-property" correlation insight for new hybrid antimony halides, providing a direction for advancing the design of efficient hybrid metal halide materials.