为明确土壤中添加生物炭对玉米幼苗纹枯病抗性的影响,揭示添加生物炭增强玉米抗病性的生理机制,在室内盆栽土壤中添加0(B0)、1％(B1)、5％(B5)、9％(B9)的生物炭,采用叶鞘牙签嵌入法与叶片昆虫针固定法进行纹枯病菌立枯丝核菌菌丝的两点接种,研究玉米幼苗纹枯病发病情况和生理指标的变化.结果表明,添加生物炭的玉米植株发病程度均轻于不添加生物炭的接菌玉米,与接菌0 h相比,接菌72 h B0—B9处理植株株高、根长、地上鲜质量、地下鲜质量、地上干质量、地下干质量分别下降13.8％～18.6％、9.3％～40.2％、22.2％～28.3％、20.4％～38.2％、30.8％～43.3％、25.9％～41.2％,其中B1处理下降幅度较低.同时,接菌玉米植株MDA含量和相对电导率随接菌时间的延长呈上升趋势,接菌72 h B0—B9处理分别较接菌0 h升高了77.1％～119.1％和106.0％～165.7％,且在B1处理时升高值相对较小.与接菌0 h相比,接菌72 h,B0—B9处理玉米超氧阴离子产生速率增加43.2％～69.1％,H2O2含量增加30.2％～53.1％;SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性显著上升,B0、B5、B9处理SOD活性在接菌48 h较接菌0 h升高了19.9％～34.5％,而B0—B9处理POD、CAT、APX活性在接菌72 h较接菌0 h分别升高了21.8％～126.0％、13.7％～60.3％、112.9％～223.2％.综上所述,土壤中添加生物炭可缓解纹枯病菌侵染对玉米幼苗表型性状的不良影响、增强植株的抗氧化酶活性、减轻膜脂过氧化损伤,从而增强玉米幼苗对纹枯病的抗性,其中添加1％生物炭处理玉米幼苗对纹枯病的抗性增强最多.

为揭示生物炭在谷子种植中的应用潜力和价值,以祥谷3号为材料,采用室内盆栽试验的方式,在土壤中添加3种不同比例的生物炭(10、50、90 g·kg-1),于播种后30 d对谷子幼苗进行生物量、根系形态和地上形态及叶片光合的测定分析.结果表明:与未施用生物炭(BC0)对照相比,不同剂量的生物炭均显著改善了谷子幼苗地上和地下生物量、形态指标以及除胞间CO2浓度以外的其他光合参数指标,且以中等剂量生物炭(50 g·kg-1)对谷子生长和光合指标的影响效果最为明显.与对照相比,中等剂量生物炭(50 g·kg-1)处理谷子幼苗地上部分和地下部分鲜重、干重分别提高了220％、181％和500％、350％,根冠比增加41.7％;谷子幼苗地下部分主根长、总根长、总根表面积、根尖数、分枝数分别提高124％、215％、323％、86.4％、279％;谷子地上部分幼苗株高、茎粗和叶面积分别提高48.28％、50％、159％;叶片相对叶绿素含量和净光合速率分别提高21.01％和167％.研究表明,生物炭添加可以改善地下根系和地上茎叶形态,改善叶片光合和根系对水分和矿质元素的吸收能力,从而促进谷子生物量的积累,可为后期产量的形成奠定基础.

Argonaute (AGO)蛋白是RNA介导的沉默复合物RISC的核心成分,在小RNA、Dicer-like酶等的协同下共同激发RNA沉默反应.为阐明高粱中AGO蛋白的功能,本研究采用生物信息学的方法首次在高粱全基因组水平鉴定15个SbAGOs,分别定位于高粱的7条染色体上,根据氨基酸序列将其划分为三个亚家族.亚家族Ⅲ中SbAGO7和SbAGO3都含有3个外显子,亚家族Ⅱ中SbAGO4和SbAGO6都具有22个外显子,成员最多的亚家族Ⅰ中基因外显子数量介于19 ～ 24之间.其中,亚家族Ⅰ中SbAGO1-1和SbAGO1-3、SbAGO1-3和SbAGO1-4、SbAGO5-2和SbAGO5-4发生过基因复制事件,可能存在功能冗余现象.NCBI表达谱数据库分析发现,SbAGO1-1、SbAGO1-2、SbAGO1-3和SbAGO4在高粱不同组织器官和生长发育阶段均有较高表达,其中SbAGO1-1和SbAGO1-2、SbAGO1-3和SbAGO4表达时期和表达量基本一致,可能在调控高粱生长发育方面发挥协同作用.高温、干旱及高温与干旱复合逆境表达谱芯片数据分析发现,高温处理引起5个SbAGOs基因差异表达,干旱处理SbAGOs表达变化不明显,复合逆境引起7个SbAGOs基因差异表达;2个处理共同差异表达基因为SbAGO1-3、SbAGO1-1、SbAGO5-2和SbAGO3,表达量变化趋势相近.其中SbAGO1-1、SbAGO1-2、SbAGO1-3和SbAGO5-6下调表达,SbAGO3、SbAGO5-2、SbAGO1-4和SbAGO10上调表达.本研究结果为揭示SbAGO蛋白功能和发掘高粱的抗逆育种靶向基因资源提供了一定的理论依据.

以玉米杂交种郑单958为试验材料,采用不同质量浓度50、100、200 mg/L的水溶性维生素VB1、VB2VB6、VB12、Vc、VH、VPP浸种24h,处理后分析玉米种子萌发及胚芽和根生长中脯氨酸等可溶性调节物质情况.结果 表明,供试维生素在100、200 mg/L处理下基本都呈现对种子萌发指数的促进,其中,100 mg/L维生素处理对种子萌发率促进效果显著;200 mg/L维生素处理对种子发芽势显著促进作用;50 mg/L维生素对上述3个指标的影响不同.与未处理对照相比,不同种类维生素和不同质量浓度的同一维生素对根冠比影响不同.维生素浸种均可引起玉米胚芽可溶性糖含量显著升高,外源维生素浸种处理可显著影响玉米种子萌发和胚芽及胚根的生长,且不同维生素在不同浓度下对各生长指标影响及脯氨酸等可溶性调节物质变化不尽相同,对种子萌发呈显著促进作用的VB2和VB12在玉米种子萌发中应用前景较好.

以猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)菌种"RT22"为材料,研究猴头菌菌丝及子实体原基营养生理特性.将猴头菌接种到不同碳、氮源培养基上培养,测定其菌丝生长速度、子实体原基品质及胞外酶活性等相关指标.结果发现:不同碳、氮源对猴头菌菌丝生长速度影响不同,猴头菌菌丝生长速度较快的处理为葡萄糖、果糖2种碳源和酵母膏、酵母浸粉、蛋白胨3种氮源.不同碳、氮源对猴头菌子实体原基形成影响不同,只有葡萄糖、蔗糖2种碳源和酵母膏、酵母浸粉、蛋白胨3种氮源可以形成子实体原基.不同碳、氮源会导致猴头菌胞外酶活性发生变化,且胞外酶活性与菌丝干质量存在着正相关关系.

Phospholipase is a class of enzymes hydrolyzing phospholipids. Phospholipase C (PLC), as a member of the phospholipase family, plays an important role in regulating plant growth and response to stress.To clear the function of ZmPLCs, the series analysis were performed by biological information methods, including phylogenetic and conserved motifs of ZmPLCs, gene structurer and tissue-specific expression patterns of ZmPLCs, and number of cis-acting elements involved in hormones and stresses in gene promoters. And the stress profile of ZmPLCs was constructed through the data of transcriptomes of maize tissues under NaHC03 and low temperature treatments respectively. In this study, based on the differences in hydrolysis substrates of maize PLCs enzymes, all ZmPLCs genes were divided into 2 subfamilies, located on chromosome 1, 2, 3,5 and 9,respectively. The ZmPI-PLCs proteins had typical X, Y and C2 motif, ZmNPCs encoded proteins hand typical Phosphoesterase motif. ZmPI-PLCs complicated N-terminal made up of extending chains and helixes, they localized in mitochondria and chloroplast. Gene replacement studies showed that the member amplification of maize PLCs family were driven by mutation. In the ZmPLCs family, there were a large number of the cis-element related to hormones and abiotic stress, for example abscisic acid (ABA), salt (NaC1) and low temperature were highly enriched in gene promoters, supported by the expression profile of maize transcriptome on saline and alkaline and low temperature treatment. ZmPI-PLC2 and ZmNPC2 were up-regulated response to NaHC03, ZmPI-PLC5 and ZmNPC3 were up-regulated response to low temperatures, ZmPI-PLC3 and ZmPI-PLC4 were related to maize root development. All above results suggested that these maize PLCs genes may respond to a variety of abiotic stresses and possessed potential functions in improving abiotic stress resistance.

为揭示低温对高粱幼苗生长的影响,以高粱龙杂17为研究对象,对三叶一心期高粱幼苗进行5℃低温处理,分别于恢复1、3、5和7d取样测定生理生化指标.结果表明:与未处理对照相比,除低温恢复1d的高粱幼苗根冠比显著抑制外,其余处理均表现为显著增加;高粱幼苗的株高和地上鲜重变化在供试时间点均表现为显著抑制.供试时间点脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量基本都增加,其中恢复1和3d的高粱幼苗脯氨酸含量显著增加,恢复3d的高梁幼苗可溶性糖含量显著增加.高粱幼苗TBARS含量也在整个供试期增加,在恢复3和5d显著增加;但过氧化氢含量变化不显著.上述结果表明,低温处理造成了生物膜不同程度的损伤,脯氨酸和可溶性糖等渗透调节在高粱幼苗耐冷的过程中发挥重要作用.

Purpose: A loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) method was established for the detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in foods. Methods: After optimization of the reaction conditions of LAMP including the concentrations of primers, reaction time and amplification temperature, the LAMP method was developed, and its sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Results: The method was capable of rapidly and specifically detecting A. acidoterrestris in foods within 1 hour at a constant temperature of 63 ℃. The sensitivity of the method was 6.7 CFU/m L and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions: The LAMP method is efficient, highly sensitive and specific, and suitable for the rapid detection of A. acidoterrestris in various food samples.

A Salmonellae sample offered by CNCA was detected by VIDAS、API 20E and SN 0170-92 respectively in the experiment.Each detected methods’advantages and disadvantages was discussed in the paper.