In 2024, the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) completed its construction, deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations. This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP). The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth. Additionally, it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace. Over the past two years, significant progress has been made on the IMCP. In particular, the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed, and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction. The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted. To facilitate these developments, the scientific program committee of IMCP was established, following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school, which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP). Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil.

Based on the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP), the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP) aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E–60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth, as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere, the middle and upper atmosphere. Currently, we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with Brazil. Meanwhile, the Chinese Meridian Project Phase II and different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction.

Earth’s ecosystems and human activities are threatened by a broad spectrum of hazards of major importance for the safety of ground infrastructures, space systems and space flight: solar activity, earthquakes, atmospheric and climatic disturbances, changes in the geomagnetic field, fluctuations of the global electric circuit. Monitoring and understanding these major hazards to better predict and mitigate their effects is one of the greatest scientific and operational challenges of the 21 st century.Though diverse, these hazards share one feature in common: they all leave their characteristic imprints on a critical layer of the Earth’s environment: its ionosphere, middle and upper atmosphere(IMUA). The objective of the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP), a major international program led by the Chines Academy of Sciences(CAS), is to deploy, integrate and operate a global network of research and monitoring instruments to use the IMUA as a screen on which to detect these imprints.In this article, we first show that the geometry required for the IMCP global observation system leads to a deployment of instruments in priority along the 120°E–60°W great meridian circle, which will cover in an optimal way both the dominant geographic and geomagnetic latitude variations, possibly complemented by a second Great Circle along the 30°E–150°W meridians to capture longitude variations. Then, starting from the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP) network and using it as a template, we give a preliminary and promising description of the instruments to be integrated and deployed along the 120°E–60°W great circle running across China, Australia and the Americas.

随着科技发展,人类活动对地面基础设施、空间系统和太空飞行器等高科技设施的依赖性日益增强.然而,这些高科技设施却常常遭受着来自太阳活动、地震、大气和气候变化、地磁场变化,以及全球电场波动等多种危害的威胁.监测和了解这些危害,并减轻其影响,是21世纪重要的科学挑战之一.这些危害尽管形式不同,但是有一个共同之处是会在电离层和中高层大气这个地球空间环境的关键圈层留下自己的印记.国际子午圈计划是一项由中国科学院牵头的国际大科学计划,其目标是整合、部署和运行一个全球研究和监测网络,充分利用电离层和中高层大气的"显示屏"效果来追踪这些日地空间危害的踪迹.文章展示了国际子午圈计划全球观测系统所需的位置分布,即优先沿120°E～60°W大子午圈部署监测设备,实现对主要地理和地磁纬度变化的最佳覆盖,继而辅之以30°E～150°W的第二个子午圈来捕捉经度变化.而后简单地描述了中国子午工程,以及横跨中国、俄罗斯和美洲的一些国家在内的120°E～60°W大子午圈上的监测台站和设备.

地球空间是指位于地球与太阳系行星际之间的空间,是影响环境和气候变化能量过程的一大未知领域,特别是位于6—1000千米高度的近地地球空间,是来自太阳和地球的能量相互作用耦合影响地球系统行为的关键区. 近地地球空间的"显示屏"作用 近地地球空间是极端空间天气的发轫区.极端天气是一种太阳能量在地球空间的电磁湮灭,对经济乃至人类生命造成严重威胁.据2008年美国国家科学院的专门研究报告,如果人类有记录的最大空间天气事件,即发生于1859年电气时代之前的"卡灵顿事件",其第一年在美国造成的经济损失达两万亿美元,是灾难性的卡特琳娜飓风的20倍,潜在的生命损失在百万以上.在高度电气化和网络化的今天,人类生活对技术系统极度依赖.空间天气一旦对电网系统造成打击,可能出现全国性瘫痪,医院、互联网、城市交通、应急系统,乃至耗费大量电力的大数据中心全面失灵.另一方面,大多数世界大城市的平均食品储备仅能满足四天需求,根本无法支撑系统修复所需要的数月时间,其灾难性后果和一次大规模核打击相似,远远超过一次九级大地震.

The Earth is buffered from the ferocious onslaught of the solar wind by a thin layer of matter known as the atmosphere and geospace. This layer absorbs energy from irradiance and outburst from the Sun, as well as from disasters, transient phenomena and anthropogenic emissions originated from Earth. Through complicated physics, the absorbed energy changes the atmospheric and geospace state and sometimes gets re-released to power extreme events such as space weather. Taking place globally, these complicated processes cannot be understood unless they are studied globally. The Chinese scientists have proposed the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP) to meet this demand. By operating nearly 1000 instruments encompassing all latitudes along with the 120°E-60°W longitudes, IMCP aims, for the first time, to construct comprehensive 3D data representation of the atmosphere and geospace on a global scale and empower interdisciplinary research to tackle key questions related to Earth's environment and climate change.

空间物理学是一门探测与理论并重的学科.探测广袤的空间环境倚赖地基和卫星技术,研究深邃的空间物理过程需由各国研究团体通力合作.中国空间物理研究的70年发展,也体现在国家综合科技实力和国际影响力的上升路径之中.从新中国成立前的零星研究起步,到改革开放前的规模初现,再到20世纪末的全面爆发,中国空间物理在自主探测与理论研究两方面都实现了阶跃式发展.进入21世纪以来,随着综合国力的再一次快速提升,中国空间物理研究在国际范围内呈现出“多数并跑,部分引领”的新局面.得益于深空探测国家战略的确立,研究领域也从地球空间延拓至行星空间甚至更广.中国空间物理研究的70年,不断探索,不断前行,各领域人才辈出,队伍不断成长壮大,从依赖外国探测数据到自主研究发展,从西学东归到人员对流,走出了一个不断进步的发展历程.未来的空间物理研究,将仍然与国家富强民族复兴紧密相连,在引领学科发展潮流中探索,在服务国家战略需求中前行.

太阳系除地球外的其他行星、矮行星及其卫星和数以亿计的小天体富含大量的水、有机质,有学者和媒体甚至推测在火星—木星轨道间的小行星带可能还存在含镍、铂、金等贵重金属的小天体.对太阳系深空资源的开发,一方面有可能为人类社会发展带来巨大经济效益,另一方面为人类走向深空提供能源、材料以及维持生命所必需的水等资源,具有重要意义和前景.开展太阳系深空资源开发,除需要开展空间技术攻关外,法律方面是不可回避的首要问题.国际社会对太阳系深空资源开发的相关法律活动,主要是联合国开放签署的《外空条约》和《月球协定》,以及美国、卢森堡等国利用相关国际条约规定的模糊性,各自在其国内开展的立法活动.而在我国,虽然航天法尚未出台,但科技界已就太阳系小天体资源探测开展了相关研究.鉴于太阳系深空资源探测正在成为未来航天发展的新热点,而且涉及到国际外交和政治影响,本文建议国家应尽快出台相关法律规定,营建有利的法律环境,保障我国社会资本和企业参与太阳系资源探测与开发活动;另一方面在法律尚不完备的情况下,国家航天主管部门可以出台相关指导意见,允许商业航天以非政府的面貌积极参加开发活动,为最终我国航天在太阳系深空资源探测这一舞台取得先机奠定基础,助力航天强国、科技强国建设目标的实现.

2018年7月30日美国《彭博商业周刊》(Bloomberg Business Week)推出了主题为“新空间时代”(The New Space Age)的专刊,围绕航天器发射、近地及绕月飞行、小天体及深空探测等,对新空间时代“瞄准深空、商业驱动、低成本发射”等特点进行了阐述.这与专刊副标题“更远、更快、更廉价,下一个新经济领域触手可及”(Farther,faster,cheaper——the next economic frontier is within reach)相互印证,反映出新空间时代的特征.

空间物理研究开始于地基监测,人类很早从极光、气晖、天电、潮汐等现象开始了地面的观测研究,随后利用气球、火箭进行了临近空间的探测,空间物理学的发展随着航天技术和空间探测技术的发展而迅速发展起来了。自20世纪中期的半个世纪以来,人类发射了数百颗航天器用于空间物理探测。4我国空间物理探测最新进展我国第一个空间科学探测计划—"地球空间双星探测计划"（简称"双星计划"）的成功实施,开

The Meridian Project is a ground-based network program to monitor solar-terrestrial space environment,which consists of a chain of 15 ground-based observatories located roughly along 120°E longitude and 30°N latitude.The Meridian project started in 2008,and its construction was completed by 2011.The integration and test phase of the Meridian Project conducted in 2011 demonstrated its observation capabilities as expected.The project will be in full operation in 2012. This report gives an overview of the recent development and preliminary results of the Meridian Project since 2010.

The reductive perturbation method is applied to investigate the dust acoustic soliton in dusty plasmas with streaming ions under ultraviolet irradiation theoretically and numerically. The self-consistent dust charge variation is taken into account. It is shown that the ultraviolet irradiation can significantly lower the magnitude of the dust negative charge, and ion streaming velocity firstly raise the magnitude of the dust negative charge and then lower it. With the growth of (Ultraviolet) UV photo flux or ion streaming velocity, the phase velocity and width of the solitary waves decrease, whereas its amplitude increases.