In 1926, the Department of the Interior commenced publication of experimental air charts and air navigation strip maps. Encouraged by the favourable reception of these early efforts, it was decided in 1932 to embark on the publication of a chart series for air navigation in Canada. Because the RCAF was interested in this project, the Department of National Defence volunteered to help with the chart design. The result of this initiative was the Canadian 8-mile Series which, for the purposes of economy and general usefulness, was to be published in two forms - each sheet being initially printed as a medium-scale topographic map, and re-published with an air information overprint as an air chart. World War 2 greatly accelerated production of the series and by July 1944 all 220 sheets were in print, this rapid production greatly aided by Trimetrogon plotting from air photographs. New editions of the original 1932 design continued to be produced until 1980 when a new design was adopted using a larger sheet format. By 1988, when the change-over to the new format is completed, the number of sheets will be reduced from 220 to 51.

The author discusses land survey systems in the lands bordering the northern shores of the Great Lakes from the late 18th century through to the present day. In the early period during the French regime settlement was discouraged in favour of the fur trade and, consequently, very little surveying was done. After the fall of Quebec, the British continúed this land survey policy until the arrival of the Loyalists during and after the American Revolution forced the opening of Ontario to settlement. The policy of the British administrations in Canada was always to survey settlement land before it was occupied by surveying farm lots within townships, a practice that continued until 1935. Surveys made during these township subdivisions were consequently used to produce the first maps of Ontario, and in many areas they remained the only detailed maps until the topographical surveying of Canada was commenced in 1904.

Natural Resources ForumVolume 3, Issue 1 p. 87-91 2. A Survey of Mapping Capabilities and Achievements in the OAS-Member States A. J. Brandenberger, A. J. Brandenberger Dept. of Photogrammetry Université Laval Québec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorL. M. Sebert, L. M. Sebert Canadian Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources Ottawa, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author A. J. Brandenberger, A. J. Brandenberger Dept. of Photogrammetry Université Laval Québec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorL. M. Sebert, L. M. Sebert Canadian Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources Ottawa, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1978 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00395.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 World Cartography, Volume X, United Nations, 1970 and World Cartography, Volume XIV, United Nations, 1976. A detailed report on the survey discussed in this note has been submitted for publication in the periodical Revista Cartográfica. Volume3, Issue1October 1978Pages 87-91 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The Canadian one inch to one mile series was begun in 1904 and ended in 1949 when it was converted to the 1:50,000 scale. During the early days much assistance was given by personnel loaned from the British Ordnance Survey and consequently the style of the early sheets exhibits this influence. Shortly after the first world war a gradual change was made away from the plane-table and towards the new techniques of photogrammetry. This change was completed shortly before the change of scale to 1 :50,000. The paper includes statistics on the progress of the series during its 45-year history and an outline is given on the areas of Canada that were mapped at this scale.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

This paper traces the history of Canadian topographic maps at scales between 1:20,000 and 1:31,680 from 1916, when the first sheet in this range was published, to the time when these scales were standardized at 1 :25,000. Lists are included of sheets that were available at various dates, and a short description is given of the different projections used. Cet exposé retrace l'histoire des cartes topographiques à l'échelle variant de 1/20,000 à 1/31,680 à partir de 1916, date de la publication de la première carte, jusqu'au moment de la normalisation des échelles à la grandeur 1/25,000. Il présente aussi une liste des feuilles qui ont été disponibles à diverses dates et une courte description des différents systèmes de projection utilisés.

In 1972 the Surveys and Mapping Branch in Ottawa decided to expedite the production of northern topographical maps by publishing a monochrome version of the standard 1:50,000 map. This paper examines the specifications of this new series. One aspect of the production of the monochrome series was the necessity to re-design certain symbols. No diminution of accuracy or content has been allowed, but some loss of readability has resulted from the lack of colour.

The 1:50,000 map series is very important in Canada because it is the largest scaled, most detailed mapping that exists for most of the country. Because of the size of Canada, the varying nature of its physical geography, and the uneven distribution of its population, special problems are being encountered in the production of the eventual 13, 150 sheets of this series. These problems and some of their solutions are covered in this paper. La série des cartes au 50,000e revêt une très grande importance au Canada car elle constitue la représentation la plus détaillée et à la plus grande échelle de la majeure partie du pays. L'immensité du territoire, sa topographie variée et la distribution inégale de sa population posent des problèmes particuliers lorsqu'il s'agit d'établir les cartes de cette série, dont le nombre atteindra éventuellement 13, 150. Le présent mémoire traite de ces problèmes et de quelques solutions.

This paper traces the progress and development of the 1:250,000 map series of Canada from its inception in 1923 through to publication of the final map sheet in 1970. Originally, the maps were published at 1:253,440 up until 1949 when, by international agreement, Canada converted its basic map series from duodecimal scales to the present 1:50,000, 1:250,000 and 1:500,000 scales. Commencement of the series in 1923 marked the beginning of a national mapping program to a uniform sheet-line system that replaced the previous uncoordinated mapping of the country by different government agencies. The author discusses the selection of a map projection for the series, former topographic mapping methods, the development of the photo-topographic technique, the impact of air photography on the mapping of Canada, and the extension of ground control.

The present-day exploitation of natural resources demands up-to-date large-scale maps at a rate that exceeds the capability of traditional methods of map production. The writer suggests that the modern photomap may provide the answer to the map-makers' dilemma, and he describes the five different types of photomaps now being produced by Surveys and Mapping Branch, Ottawa, ranging in accuracy and cost from the orthophoto map to the uncontrolled mosaic.

Soon after the Confederation of Canada in 1867, settlement of the Prairies was initially assisted by the preparation of large-scale survey plans. Popular demand for maps at a more convenient scale prompted the Federal Department of the Interior to establish a map series at 6 miles to 1 inch in 1873. By 1891, it became evident that the scale was too small to show necessary map detail and accordingly the Department authorized a new series at 3 miles to 1 inch. This famous sectional map series of the Canadian West eventually increased to 132 sheets covering the great plains, and extending westward to the Pacific, eastward into Ontario and as far north as Dawson City in Yukon Territory. In 1919, a decision was made to convert this series of cadastral plans into topographic maps. The New Series maps remained in production from 1920 to 1955 when they were finally superseded by the 1:250,000 maps of the National Topographic Series.