>Case Letter Severe trauma has high morbidity and mortality rates,being the leading cause of death in young adults. Among all traumas, tra ffi c injuries are particularly lethal. [1-2] The injury severity score（ISS） can be used to assess trauma severity,with ISS of<9, 9–15, 16–24, and≥25 indicating minor,moderate, severe, and critical trauma, respectively. The ISS is correlated with mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization duration after injury. [3-4] Here, we report one patient who was admitted to our emergency intensive care unit（EICU） due to traumatic liver rupture and traumatic myocardial infarction complicated with inferior vena cava（IVC） thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the predictors of successful weaning off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).METHODS:The clinical data of 56 patients with cardiac arrest who underwent ECPR in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) from July 2018 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether ECMO was successfully weaning off, patients were divided into the successful weaning off group and the failed weaning off group. The basic data, duration of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR, the time from cardiopulmonary resuscitation to ECMO), duration of ECMO, pulse pressure loss, complications, and the use of distal perfusion tube and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for weaning failure of ECMO.RESULTS:Twenty-three patients (41.07%) were successfully weaned from ECMO. Compared with the successful weaning off group, patients in the failed weaning off group were older (years old: 46.7±15.6 vs. 37.8±16.8, P < 0.05), higher incidence of pulse pressure loss and ECMO complications [81.8% (27/33) vs. 21.7% (5/23), 84.8% (28/33) vs. 39.1% (9/23), both P < 0.01], and longer CCPR time (minutes: 72.3±19.5 vs. 54.4±24.6, P < 0.01), shorter duration of ECMO support (hours: 87.3±81.1 vs. 147.7±50.8, P < 0.01), and worse improvement in arterial blood pH and lactic acid (Lac) levels after ECPR support [pH: 7.1±0.1 vs. 7.3±0.1, Lac (mmol/L): 12.6±2.4 vs. 8.9±2.1, both P < 0.01]. There were no significant differences in the utilization rate of distal perfusion tube and IABP between the two groups. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the weaning off ECMO of ECPR patients were pulse pressure loss, ECMO complications, arterial blood pH and Lac after installation [pulse pressure loss: odds ratio (OR) = 3.37, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.39-8.17, P = 0.007; ECMO complications: OR = 2.88, 95%CI was 1.11-7.45, P = 0.030; pH after installation: OR = 0.01, 95%CI was 0.00-0.16, P = 0.002; Lac after installation: OR = 1.21, 95%CI was 1.06-1.37, P = 0.003]. After adjusting for the effects of age, gender, ECMO complications, arterial blood pH and Lac after installation, and CCPR time, showed that pulse pressure loss was an independent predictor of weaning failure in ECPR patients (OR = 1.27, 95%CI was 1.01-1.61, P = 0.049).CONCLUSIONS:Early loss of pulse pressure after ECPR is an independent predictor of failed weaning off ECMO in ECPR patients. Strengthening hemodynamic monitoring and management after ECPR is very important for the successful weaning off ECMO in ECPR.

Objective To Discuss injury controlled resuscitation in emergency department of hemorrhagic shock from falling from height.Methods The treatment process of a patient with multiple limb and pelvic fractures, massive retroperitoneal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock caused by a fall from a construction site about 10 meters high in 2021 was reviewed and summarized, and relevant literature was reviewed.Results This patient with hemorrhagic shock from high fall injury had a good prognosis in multidisciplinary coordination, injury controlled resuscitation and green channel treatment.Conclusions The use of early blood transfusion, early hemostasis, permissive hypotension, and interventional arterial vascular embolization will benefit the patients.

目的 探讨在股静脉-动脉体外膜肺氧合(venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,V-A ECMO)装机过程中同时置入6 F血管鞘进行下肢远端灌注的有效性及安全性.方法 收集2018年8月至2021年4月在湖南省人民医院实行股动-静脉穿刺置管的V-A ECMO治疗患者共53例,将在装机的同时使用6 F血管鞘远端灌注和未进行远端灌注或在发现动脉插管侧肢体缺血表现后再进行远端灌注的患者分为血管鞘组(n=19)和对照组(n=34).分析两组患者临床特点、成功装机所耗时间、肢体并发症发生率、总体病死率、需要连续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)支持比率及CRRT支持患者存活率等差异.结果 血管鞘组及对照组成功撤机率分别为63.2％(12/19)、61.8％(21/34)(χ2=0.01,P=0.92),存活出院率分别为57.9％(11/19)、47.1％(16/34)(χ2=0.57,P=0.45).两组成功装机耗时分别为(28.08±9.44)min、(26.40±12.13)min(MannWhitney Z=0.38,P=0.70).两组中需要进行CRRT治疗的分别为21.1％(4/19)、35.3％(12/34)(χ2=1.17,P=0.28).两组CRRT支持的存活出院率分别为10.5％(2/19)、2.9％(1/34)(P=0.25).穿刺部位出血血管鞘组4例,对照组7例(χ2=0.01,P=0.96).出现因动脉插管原因导致的单侧下肢缺血血管鞘组及对照组分别为1例(5.26％)和10例(29.41％)(χ2=4.32,P=0.03).存活出院后置管侧肢体出现异常的情况:血管鞘组未发现可能与动脉插管相关的后遗症,对照组出现4例股动脉插管侧远端肢体乏力,检查发现有腓总神经脱髓鞘样病变,1例患者因ECMO治疗期间下肢缺血坏死进行了截肢手术,存活出院患者总体下肢缺血后遗症比率分别为0、14.7％(P=0.07).1例患者灌注管与连接管相接处有血栓形成.两组均没有出现明显过度灌注及远端动脉血栓栓塞表现.结论 在装机过程中同时使用6F血管鞘用于股V-A ECMO中的远端灌注是安全、有效的,可以降低出院患者肢体导管相关性缺血并发症发生率.但它对于提高生存率及降低CRRT的使用率未表现出显著性优势.

Objective:To analyze the influence of factors before initiation of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on the prognosis of patients, so as to explore the intervention timing and improvement strategy of ECPR.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 patients who underwent ECPR in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan people's Hospital)from July 2018 to April 2021. Patients were divided into the survival group ( n = 13) and death group ( n = 16) according to whether they survived at discharge. The duration of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), initial heart rate before ECPR, the ratio of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), and the ratio of transported cases outside the hospital were compared between the two groups. According to different CCPR time, the patients were divided into the ≤45 min group, 45-60 min group and >60 min group to compare the hospital survival and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate . According to the location of cardiac arrest, the patients from emergency department and other department were divided to compare the survival of IHCA. Results:The total survival rate was 44.83%, the average duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was 114 (33.5, 142.5) h, and the average duration of CCPR time was 60 (44.5, 80) min. The duration of ECMO was longer in the survival group than in the death group ( P = 0.001). The duration of CCPR (the time from CPR to ECMO) in the survival group was significantly shorter than that in the death group ( P = 0.010). Patients with defibrillatory rhythm had higher hospital survival rate ( P = 0.010). OHCA patients had higher mortality than IHCA patients ( P = 0.020). Mortality of patients transferred from other hospitals was higher ( P = 0.025). Hospital survival and ROSC decreased in turn by CCPR duration ≤ 45 min, 45-60 min, and > 60 min ( P = 0.001). The location of CA occurrence had no impact on the hospital survival rate of IHCA patients ( P=0.54). Conclusions:Hospital survival of ECPR is higher than that of CCPR. ECPR is effective for refractory cardiac arrest. The prognosis of ECPR is significantly related to the duration of CCPR, initial heart rate, and location of CA. Education and team training should be strengthened to improve the survival rate of ECPR.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the people's cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) ability in Hunan Province and whether there are differences in the skill level of CPR among respondents of different ages and education levels.METHODS:A self-made questionnaire was conducted to survey people in Hunan Province by means of WeChat from May 2018 to April 2019. The questionnaire referred to 2016 National consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China issued by Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Specialized Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association and 2017 version of American Heart Association (AHA) CPR operational guide, and combined with the CPR assessment scale of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital. The contents of the survey included the basic information of the subjects, the common knowledge and skills of first aid, the willingness to learn CPR skills and implement CPR, and the operational requirements of high quality CPR, etc.RESULTS:A total of 6 563 people received the on-site first aid knowledge questionnaire, and 4 355 people completed and submitted the questionnaire. The recovery rate was 66.36%, of which 3 602 valid questionnaires were from IP in Hunan Province, and the qualified rate was 82.71%. Among the subjects, 1 532 were men (42.53%) and 2 070 were women (57.47%). The majority aged group from 19 to 30 (59.41%) and from 31 to 50 (36.70%). 307 were rural (8.52%) and 3 295 were urban (91.48%); and the majority levels of education were senior or technical secondary school (38.26%) and undergraduate or junior college (44.50%). Of the 3 602 respondents, 39.09% indicated that they had been exposed to CPR knowledge and only 0.36% indicated that they did not wish to participate in CPR training. 69.93% of the respondents said they would actively to help if they wet cardic arrest, and 97.92% of those were willing to do so if the patients were relatives or friends. The survey results showed that only 8.91% of respondents chose relatively high-quality CPR options (chest compressions were performed first, the pressing point was located in the sternum of the midpoint of bilateral nipple line, the pressing frequency was 100-120 times/min, pressing depth was 5-6 cm, the ratio of chest compression to artificial ventilation was 30:2). Among these people, the correct rate was higher in the ages of 31-50 years old and ≤ 18, 19-30 than those ≥ 51 years old (12.71% vs. 0%, 6.87%, 8.70%, χ2 = 41.420, P < 0.01). The correct rate of education at graduate level and above was higher than those in junior middle school and below, high school or technical secondary school, undergraduate or junior college (19.57% vs. 2.07%, 3.41%, 13.72%, χ2 = 152.262, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:The public in Hunan Province have a strong sense of first aid, and some of the theoretical knowledge of CPR. People between 31 years old and 50 years old of age and with graduate education and above know more about CPR, but the overall mastery of CPR skills is poor. It is necessary to further improve the ability of the public as the first witness by teaching various skills of CPR in various forms.

目前已有的临床随机控制研究(RTC)中,在预防致命性室性心律失常所致的心源性猝死上,除了 β 受体阻滞剂,没有任何其他抗心律失常药物有效 [1-2].近年来,急性心衰日益重视 β 受体阻滞剂的早期应用 [3-5],也得到基础研究的支持 [6-7].