Electrocatalytic dehalogenation has emerged as a sustainable technology for environmental remediation. However, efficient electrocatalysts are still lacking, especially for wastewater treatment. In this study, a Pd/γ-MnO2/Ni foam composite electrode was designed. The introduction of hexagonal flake-like γ-MnO2 successfully prevented Pd aggregation and optimized electrode structure. Compared to previously reported electrodes, Pd/γ-MnO2/Ni foam composite electrode had lower Pd loading and higher dehalogenation efficiency and current efficiency. In 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) solution and dye wastewater, over 99 % dehalogenation efficiencies were achieved within 120 min (10 mA), without adjusting the pH value. Computational results suggested that γ-MnO2 can promote the adsorption of H2O, which is the key rate-limiting step for 2-CP hydrodechlorination. In addition, γ-MnO2 facilitated water dissociation and served as an intermediary for transferring atomic hydrogen (H*) from Pd to Ni foam. This hydrogen spillover mechanism extended the reactive area of electrode, hindered H2 evolution and enhanced the dehalogenation efficiency. It was found that Pd/γ-MnO2/Ni foam electrode showed excellent dehalogenation performance under both acidic and neutral conditions, and exhibited good resistance to the coexisting ions (such as Cl-, NO3- and HCO3-). Hence, the Pd/γ-MnO2/Ni foam electrode demonstrates strong potential for the treatment of high-salinity wastewater. The high dehalogenation efficiency and long service life of Pd/γ-MnO2/Ni foam electrode in dye wastewater confirmed its feasibility and applicability. This study explored the synthesis and interfacial mechanism of electrodes, paving the way for efficient remediation of halogenated organic pollutants in wastewater.

In this study, a ternary co-fermentation system was developed using iron-phosphorus precipitates (FePs)-bearing sludge, peroxydisulfate (PDS), and corn gluten meal (CGM) to activate PDS through a microbe-mediated endogenous iron cycle, thereby promoting phosphorus (P) release and acidogenesis. Fe(II) was released along with P via the dissolution of Fe(II)Ps, resulting from Fe(III)Ps bioreduction. Subsequently, the released Fe(II) induced PDS activation, which avoided the negative impact of external activators on P release by precipitation with P. The optimal PDS dosage for ternary co-fermentation was 0.2 mM/g TSS. At this dosage, P release efficiency increased from 27.3 % (sludge-only group) to 71.6 % and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production increased from 41.0 (sludge-only group) to 158.5 mg COD/g VSS. SO4 center dot- and center dot OH generated through PDS activation disintegrated sludge flocs to promote encapsulated Fe(II)Ps dissolution and organics release. The concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the sludge-CGM-PDS group was 4.4 times greater than that in the sludgeonly group. The increased content and biodegradability of hydrolysates (e.g., protein-like, tryptophan-like, and tyrosine-like substances) contributed to the enrichment of hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria, resulting in a relative abundance of 40.7 %. Unclassified_c__Ignavibacteria, Clostridium, and Rubrivivax were the dominant hydrolytic-acidogenic biomarkers, which enhanced the intracellular metabolisms of glycolysis, amino acid degradation, and acetogenesis, leading to notable increases in VFAs yields. The relative abundance of phosphate acetyltransferase, a key enzyme in acetate biosynthesis, increased by 8.9 %, thus facilitating acetogenesis. In addition, unclassifiedcIgnavibacteria, as putative iron reducers, were the primary microbes mediating endogenous iron reduction. This study provides valuable insights into the PDS self-activation mechanism and microfloral traits during ternary co-fermentation, contributing to the valorization of FePs-bearing sludge waste.

The intensive generation of industrial solid waste (ISW) in industrial parks poses a severe threat to the water and soil environment. To address the lack of system-level guidance strategies for ISW management (ISWM), the paper proposes a systematic ISWM framework within the context of the circular economy principle and applies it to a prominent eco-industrial park in China. This framework is founded on the metabolic characteristics of the entire ISW process, supported by multi-stakeholder cooperation, and guaranteed by a shareable information platform and infrastructure. A holistic ISW flow analytical process is introduced to facilitate the implementation of this framework. In the case study, a high-resolution inventory of ISW is established by 157 enterprises in 2021, covering 116 types of general ISW and 61 types of hazardous waste (HW). By integrating material flow analysis, questionnaires, and interviews, this study quantitatively reveals the underperformance of mini-scale HW recycling, with a recycling rate of 5.6

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs) of 150 samples from five industrial wastewater types and domestic sewage to track water pollution sources effectively. We then developed a recognition model for wastewater EEMs by establishing a feature dataset containing fluorescence peak values and parameters derived from EEMs, integrated with machine learning techniques. This model enables the rapid and precise identification of pollution sources. Our findings suggest that although the EEMs of the six wastewater categories are distinct, visual differentiation is challenging. This was confirmed by cosine similarity assessments, showing some samples with low within-group (< 0.8) and high between-group (> 0.95) similarities. Despite significant variations in EEMs features across wastewater categories, identifying specific pollutants remains difficult, especially for pulp mills and leather effluents. Among the tested classification algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved the highest performance with 91.7 % accuracy, 94 % precision, 91 % recall, and 92 % F1-score, outperforming K-Nearest Neighbors and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. The SVM significantly improved identification accuracy for pulp mill and leather processing wastewaters compared to other models. To enhance identification accuracy, further exploration of EEMs features and expanding the training dataset are recommended. Combining EEMs features with machine learning presents a promising method for improving water pollution supervision and source tracing in environmental management practices.

This study aimed to explore natural aging effect of distiller’s grain-derived biochar (DGB) at various amendment rates (2%, 4%, w/w) on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) growth, development and Cd uptake in soil, and provide novel insights in effect mechanisms from views of soil Cd fractions and rhizospheric microbiota. Results showed that DGB amendment promoted wheat growth. Rising DGB rate progressively increased soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), NH 4 -N, available K, and residual Cd content to more greatly promote chlorophyll content and decrease Cd uptake of wheat. With 6-month aging, soil TN, available K and residual Cd content continuously increased to decline Cd bioavailability, which further restricted Cd uptake by wheat roots, stems, and leaves, and did not obviously change Cd uptake by wheat grains. Contrarily, soil NO 3 -N content progressively decreased with rising DGB rate and aging, partly due to progressively decreased nitrifier abundances of Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospiraceae with rising DGB rate and aging, according to rhizospheric bacterial composition. Statistical analysis verified that DGB rate and aging were synergistic factors to jointly involve soil nutrient increase and Cd fractions re-distribution. Rising DGB rate and aging jointly increased the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Fibrobacteria phyla, and Lysobacter , Massilia , Pseudarthrobacter , and Iamia genera that positively correlated to soil residual Cd, TN, SOM, TC, and available K content, suggesting that such bacterial groups also drove soil fertility improvement and Cd bioavailability decrease. Consequently, amending 4% DGB with aging was proposed as appropriate for improving soil fertility and blocking Cd-induced health risk.

The anaerobic co-fermentation of iron bound phosphorus (P) compounds (FePs)-bearing sludge with corn gluten meal (CGM) and the underlying mechanisms associated with P release and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production were investigated. The optimal CGM dosage for P release was 0.6 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g total suspended solid (TSS), which resulted in an increase in efficiency from 7 % (control sample) to 39 %. However, the optimal CGM dosage for VFAs production was 0.4 g COD/g TSS, and the yield increased from 37.4 (control sample) to 331.7 mg COD/g volatile suspended solid. The addition of CGM enhanced hydrolysis and acidogenesis by supplying abundant organic substrates to promote the growth of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria. A higher VFAs/ammonium-nitrogen ratio resulted in a lower pH, which promoted greater FePs dissolution and P release from the sludge. This study provides novel insights into the effects of CGM on P release and VFAs production.

The chemical industry plays a crucial role in strengthening the manufacturing sector of China, and chemical industrial parks are key platforms for new industrialization. Chemical industrial parks encounter numerous challenges in mitigating pollution and carbon emissions, encompassing issues such as a low resource-utilization rate, deficient recycling practices, substantial costs associated with end-of-pipe pollution control, and escalated safety and environmental risks. This study investigates collaborative pathways for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation within chemical industrial parks. According to the characteristics and research progress of carbon emissions and pollution generation, the implications of carbon reduction synergies are analyzed. A comprehensive analytical framework is established for general industrial processes, covering material metabolic processes in enterprise production, symbiotic metabolism in industrial parks, and material metabolism in park infrastructure. Moreover, specific technical pathways for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation are proposed: (1) establishing a comprehensive inventory of carbon and pollutant emissions; (2) integrating and optimizing the technological and industrial structures of chemical industrial parks through the development of green production technologies, symbiotic upgrades in infrastructure, enhanced inter-enterprise cooperation, coordinated efforts in pollution reduction,carbon mitigation, and safety production, and optimization of product-industry-space structures; and (3) conducting a cost-benefit analysis of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation technology pathways through a life cycle assessment. Employing the Hangzhou Bay Shangyu Economic and Technological Development Zone as a case study, an empirical analysis of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation technology pathways is undertaken. Furthermore, recommendations are made from three perspectives: improving precision measurement systems to strengthen material flow management in chemical industrial parks, reinforcing symbiotic links through systems engineering to empower pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, and stimulating systemic efficiency reforms for the green and high-quality development of chemical industrial parks.

The "Implementation Plan for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions" emphasizes the need to explore mechanisms for pollution and carbon emission reductions, strengthen efforts for synergistic reduction, and accelerate the green and low-carbon development in different types of cities. Thus, this study established a multi-objective optimization model for the industrial structure of the city based on green total factor productivity （GTFP）, which was applied to Jiaxing, an emerging coastal city. The results indicated an overall 8% increase in GTFP across various industries in Jiaxing from 2016 to 2019. The top three economic sectors - chemical products； electricity and thermal production and supply； and communication equipment, computers, and other electronic devices-ranked 12th, 15th, and 5th in GTFP, respectively. Conversely, industries with the top three GTFP rankings-other manufacturing products, specialized equipment, food, and tobacco-ranked 19th, 12th, and 14th in GDP, respectively. Given the mismatch between economic output and environmental benefits among different industries, deepening industrial structure adjustment and promoting synergistic pollution reduction and carbon reduction are imperative. The chemical industry （decreasing by 2%） and the electricity and thermal production and supply industry （decreasing by 1%） crucially need industrial transformation. This can be achieved by setting higher environmental thresholds, reducing the growth rate of fixed asset investment, and curbing the final consumption of these industries to enhance the efficiency of existing facilities. Meanwhile, the service industry （increasing by 5%） should be rapidly developed, while other industries can continue to grow at their current pace. The city-level industrial structure optimization model established in this study can effectively support future decision-making for the dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity, foster new-quality productivity, and promote carbon peaking and green low-carbon high-quality development in different cities.

Promoting the synergy between carbon mitigation and pollution reduction (SCMPR) is pivotal for global green and sustainable development. Industrial parks, as crucial economic hubs, require effective SCMPR strategies considering land, economy, and the environment, but present research seldom proposes methods that consider multiple factors and stakeholders together and fit for practical application. Given this, this study establishes a multi-factor industrial structural adjustment model for industrial parks incorporating scenario analysis to unveil optimal adjustment schemes and then develops an efficient spreadsheet tool based on the model. The model results convincingly fulfill SCMPR requirement after applying to a typical industrial park: After adjustments, 50 main industries in the park can achieve SCMPR targets, with carbon intensity and total phosphorous intensity predicted to achieve relative decoupling and other regular pollutant emissions anticipated to absolute decoupling by 2030. The proposed optimal scheme indicates that wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste volumes in the park will rise by 39%–54% by 2025 and 76%–113% from 2025 to 2030, and then translate into a 50% increase in waste treatment costs by 2025 and a subsequent 98% increase by 2030. The carbon intensity of the park will decrease from 154 tonnes of CO2 per million Chinese Yuan in 2020 to 94 in 2030. The results culminate in three strategic recommendations for industrial parks: (1) prioritize reducing total pollutant emissions and carbon intensity, (2) customize carbon mitigation and pollution reduction strategies for each industry, and (3) regulate material and energy flows at multiple levels. This study can provide a pragmatic tool for industrial parks to make science-based decision-making toward dual carbon goals.

In this study, we investigated the degradation of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solution using electron beam radiation. The removal efficiency of SDBS approached nearly 100%, achieving a COD removal rate of 7-20% with an absorbed dose of 5.0 kGy. Upon irradiation, several notable changes in SDBS micelles were observed. The absolute value of zeta potential and the average diameter size decreased. SEM observations revealed that the clustered aggregates of SDBS micelles fragmented into irregular filamentous pieces. Moreover, the interfacial tension increased remarkably and approached the level of pure water at 2.5 kGy for SDBS in a pure water solution and 5.0 kGy for SDBS in a brine water solution. The foaming power disappeared for SDBS in pure water and decreased to 20 mm for SDBS in brine water at 10 kGy. The defoaming rate of SDBS solution increased incrementally from an initial range of 1-2 mm/min to 3.0-5.6 mm/min at 5.0 kGy. In summary, when SDBS is decomposed, new system is created with new properties. Electron beam radiation offers a clean and sustainable approach to degrade SDBS in wastewater.

The chemical industry is important to global economic development but arouses severe environmental effects and safety risks. Many chemical manufacturers keep aggregating in chemical industrial parks (CIPs), which largely promote material efficiency, environment, and safety performance by systematic and sustainable measures. To deliberately and rationally examine such evolution can help identify trackable development paradigms from forerunners and inspire followers to accelerate and maintain sustainability. This study defines a 3-stage evolutionary model of chemical manufacturing from separate production to an industrial ecosystem by analogizing the evolution of ecosystems and applies it to a typical chemical industry-intensive area where a 100-billion-CNY scale CIP locates. Corresponding to the model, the development of the chemical industry in the area can be divided into 3 stages: the emergence and development of chemical manufacturers (1979–1997), the establishment and expansion of the CIP (1998–2012), and the transformation to the industrial ecosystem (2013–now). The model is proven robust due to the same evolutionary tendency and attributes in practice as the model depicts. Five innovations undertaken in the practical evolution are summarized as references to promote the eco-transformation of CIPs, including (1) material and energy flow control, (2) green networking of supply chains, (3) reaction-engineering coupling industrialization, (4) reduction and resourcization of dilute acid and by-product salt, and (5) inherent safety improvement of whole-process chemical manufacturing. Further, the study analyzes that the driving force from Stage I to Stage II is simply economic benefits, but from Stage II to Stage III is a mixture of environmental requirements, safety production requirements, and economic benefits. Besides chemical manufacturing, the study explores a new theoretical perspective to present the general processes of process manufacturing development. It furthers the study of sustainable chemical manufacturing and profoundly influences eco-transformation practices.

In order to effectively deal with a large number of intermittent VOCs generated in the production process of the pharmaceutical industry, a direct catalytic combustion process of multi-effect heat recovery composed of heat storage, heat exchange, heat recovery and heat supplement was constructed. Combined with the fuzzy PID temperature control strategy, 500 g·m -3 platinum-palladium alloy plated on honeycomb ceramic carrier was used as a catalyst to treat intermittent organic waste gas discharged from a pharmaceutical industry.As a result, the feasibility of this technology in processing intermittent organic waste gas discharged from the pharmaceutical industry was verified. The results showed that under the condition that the mass concentration of VOCs emitted by the pharmaceutical industry fluctuated greatly from 22 mg·m -3 to 6 293 mg·m -3 , the multieffect heat recovery in catalytic combustion process could stably and effectively purify the organic waste gas emitted by the pharmaceutical industry, and the VOCs emitted after purification. The concentration was less than 20 mg·m -3 , and the comprehensive treatment efficiency was more than 97%. with the increase of VOCs mass concentration, the treatment efficiency was close to 100%. Using this technology, the average annual operating cost of this process was 357 200 yuan, which was reduced by more than 27% compared with the traditional process. In conclusion, the multi-effect heat recovery in catalytic combustion process could effectively treat intermittent VOCs in the pharmaceutical industry, and this study can provide a reference for the treatment of intermittent VOCs in the pharmaceutical industry, and also for other industries.

工业园区是中国制造业发展的重要载体与做好碳达峰碳中和的关键支撑,建立统一规范的碳核算方法,是园区科学推进低碳发展的必要前提.本研究剖析了园区碳核算的复杂性,明确了园区"双碳"工作的核心要义,建立了"一芯四核"互馈式园区碳核算方法框架.该框架主要包括应用目标与范围定义、流分析与排放清单建立、碳排放计算、结果解释与决策支撑四个核心环节,四"核"间相互作用、迭代优化,根据园区发展实际进行具象化,并充分考虑向上与所在行政区域碳核算清单、向下与企业碳排放核算兼容,最终服务于准确把握低碳发展内涵、锻造新的产业竞争优势这一关键内"芯".进一步地,研究阐述了"一芯四核"方法框架各主要步骤,分析了园区碳核算实践中面临的园区边界、核算范围、清单建立、数据质量等方面的难点,提出了基于检验清单的各环节工作原则、操作步骤及注意事项.研究为"千园千面"的工业园区提供了科学统一的碳核算理论框架,可为工业园区在低碳转型中锻造新的产业竞争优势提供决策支撑,为建立统一规范碳排放统计核算体系奠定方法基础.

In order to promote the improvement of the rural living environment, the treatment of rural domestic sewage has attracted much attention in China. Meanwhile, the rural regions’ sewage discharge standards are becoming increasingly stringent. However, the standard compliance rate of total phosphorus (TP) is very low, and TP has become the main limiting pollutant for the water pollutants discharge standards of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities. In this study, waste eggshell (E) was employed as a calcium source, and waste peanut shell (C) was employed as a carbon source to prepare calcium-modified biochar adsorbent materials (E-C). The resulting E-C adsorbent materials demonstrated efficient phosphate (P) adsorption from aqueous solutions over the initial pH range of 6–9 and had adsorption selectivity. At an eggshell and peanut shell mass ratio of 1:1 and a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, the experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 191.1 mg/g. The pseudo second-order model and Langmuir model were best at describing the adsorption process. The dominant sorption mechanism for P is that Ca(OH)2 is loaded on biochar with P to form Ca5(PO4)3OH precipitate. E-C was found to be very effective for the treatment of rural domestic sewage. The removal rate of TP in rural domestic sewage was 91–95.9%. After adsorption treatment, the discharge of TP in rural sewage met the second-grade (TP < 3 mg/L) and even first-grade (TP < 2 mg/L). This study provides an experimental basis for efficient P removal by E-C adsorbent materials and suggests possible applications in rural domestic sewage.

污水处理厂是向水环境中传播抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的热点.与城镇污水相比,工业园区废水成分复杂、污染物浓度高,更有利于ARGs的增殖和扩散.为探究不同类型废水环境的ARGs组成特征和潜在的传播风险,采用宏基因组学技术分别对城镇生活污水处理系统(W1-SD)、工业园区废水处理系统(W1-SI)和2个城镇综合污水处理系统(W2-LH1和W2-LH2)进行取样调查.结果显示,多重耐药类、磺胺类、氨基糖苷类和杆菌肽类抗性基因是废水环境中的主要耐药类型,Ⅰ型整合子、转座酶基因等可移动遗传元件(MGEs)对sul1、aadA和ereA等基因亚型的增殖扩散发挥了关键作用,通过序列分型发现质粒型ARGs的相对丰度更高,尤其是在进水样品中,氨基糖苷类和磺胺类等抗性基因是主要的质粒型ARGs;污水处理过程削减了 ARGs多样性,且经过二次沉淀工艺,ARGs丰度均明显降低,但在W1-SI和W2-LH2中,后续的深度处理工艺又使ARGs丰度升高;与城镇污水处理系统相比,W1-SI的ARGs组成更为稳定,最终排水中富集了较高丰度的质粒型ARGs,同时识别到了高频率的潜在水平基因转移事件和2条携带多种抗性基因的重叠群序列(contigs),表明工业园区废水排放具有更高的ARGs传播风险.本研究丰富了不同类型废水环境耐药基因组的已有认知,为有效管控废水排放特别是工业园区废水排放的健康风险提供了科学依据.

针对染料废水生物处理效率低、容易经氧化处理生成可吸附有机卤素(AOX)使得出水毒性升高等问题,采用臭氧(催化)氧化工艺处理难降解染料废水生物处理出水,考察工艺对染料废水的处理效能,并通过蛋白核小球藻和青海弧菌Q67评估不同工艺出水生物毒性.结果发现,MnOx-GAC/O3/H2O2工艺对总有机碳(TOC)去除效果最佳,去除率可达67.6％,较O3工艺提高了 39.8％;向O3和O3/H2O2体系加入MnOx-GAC不利于去除卤代有机物,而向O3和MnOx-GAC/O3体系加入H2O2能增强对卤代有机物去除效果.通过对物质定性分析,发现MnOx-GAC/O3和MnOx-GAC/O3/H2O2工艺对O3体系难以去除的类蛋白物质和小分子代谢产物具有更好的去除效果.尤其以MnOx-GAC/O3/H2O2工艺去除效果最佳,能够去除大部分卤代芳香族化合物,同时有效减少卤代副产物的生成.对自由基进行定量分析,发现添加MnOx-GAC或H2O2均可以增加体系中·OH含量,进而增强氧化能力.此外,添加MnOx-GAC可以提高O-·自由基含量,但添加H2O2会降低O2.自由基含量.出水生物毒性分析结果显示只有O3/H2O2和MnOx-GAC/O3/H2O2工艺出水对蛋白核小球藻和青海弧菌Q67生物毒性有所降低.因此,综合考虑污染物去除效果和出水生物毒性变化,MnOx-GAC/O3/H2O2工艺处理染料废水效能最高,并且能够有效降低出水生物毒性,为难降解染料废水的减毒处理提供了解决方案.

以对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen,AAP)为目标污染物,结合降解动力学、密度泛函理论(Density Functional Theory,DFT)计算及毒性模拟,从有机和无机两个方面研究了 UV/PDS氧化AAP过程中Br的转化规律.结果表明,低浓度的Br-(≤0.1mmol·L-1)使AAP的降解速率从0.0895 min-1降至0.0645 min-1,而高浓度的Br-(0.5～2mmol·L-1)使其增至0.1052～0.1583 min-1;与溴相关的物种对AAP降解的贡献率达到46.80％.低PDS浓度、低pH值、低AAP浓度和高Br-浓度会促进Br-向HOBr转化.AAP浓度对HOBr转化为溴酸盐(BrO3-)和总有机溴(Total Organic Bromine,TOBr)的影响显著.TOBr的形成是HOBr、活性溴物种(RBS,如Br2*-)和自由基(如SO4*-和OH*)联合作用于AAP及其中间产物的结果.此外,通过DFT计算和HPLC/MS分析,提出了 Br-转化机制和AAP降解途径.毒性模拟表明,形成的大部分溴代有机物的毒性高于AAP的毒性.

The development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment pose potential risks to human health. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, metagenomics has been widely used in the study of antibiotic resistomes in different environmental samples. This paper introduces two metagenomic methods for environmental resistome screening, summarizes the current mainstream bioinformatic tools and databases, and describes the risk assessment framework of environmental resistome and the related practice based on metagenomic technology. We aim to provide a feasible roadmap for the monitoring, risk assessment, and control of environmental resistome.

Organic radical-based advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are garnering increasing attention for pollutant removal. However, there have been few reports on the use of organics other than formic acid in constructing ARPs. This study successfully developed a novel alcohol-involved ARP induced by nitrate photolysis and investigated its performance in nitrate removal using various alcohols (UV/NO3-/alcohol). Five alcohols, namely methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 1,3-propanediol, and glycerol, significantly enhanced nitrate removal by at least 30%. While the photolytic removal of nitrate was 20% higher under basic conditions (pH 10) compared to pH 3 and pH 7, the efficiency of nitrate removal in the UV/NO3-/alcohol system was nearly independent of the initial pH (p greater than 0.05). However, in general, the basic condition (pH 10) promoted total nitrogen (TN) removal and reduced the residual amount of organic nitrogen in the effluent for all five alcohols. Methanol and ethanol exhibited similar performance in the UV/NO3-/alcohol systems, showing improved nitrate and TN removal compared to the other three alcohols containing a 3-carbon chain under basic condition (pH 10). Among the alcohols, UV/NO3-/glycerol resulted in the highest production of ammonia, approximately five times that formed in the UV/NO3-/methanol system. The stoichiometry of the nitrate-to-alcohol molar ratio in the UV/NO3-/alcohol systems was investigated and determined as 0.5 at an initial pH of 10 based on the analysis of nitrate removal efficiency and residual concentration of various nitrogen species. Dissolved oxygen did not significantly affect the NO3- removal and conversion in all five UV/NO3-/alcohol systems and cosolutes generally inhibited the nitrate reduction. The outcome of present study expands the alternative organic additives of ARPs to alcohols and demonstrates the potential effectiveness of the ARP as a viable approach for the reductive removal of pollutants.

Industrial parks are crucial in the modernization process of the industrial system and have significantly contributed to the attainment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.To effectively achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,the State Council has released the'Action Plan for Carbon Peaking before 2030'.This plan explicitly emphasizes the need for enhancing the material flow management(MFM)within industrial parks.To aim the efficacy of the MFM in industrial parks,our initial step involves a comprehensive examination of fundamental concept of MFM inside industrial parks.This examination is conducted through a meticulous analysis of a literature review and policy analysis.Subsequently,we propose a roadmap for the MFM within industrial parks,which encompasses the stages of problem definition,system boundary establishment,data collecting,comprehensive assessment,and optimization and adjustment.Finally,an empirical study is undertaken using a representative industrial park as a case study.This case study aims to identify the main challenges faced by industrial parks in strengthening material flow management.Specifically,it focuses on aspects such as the primary entities responsible for MFM and basic data support capacities.Our study reveals that the essence of MFM in industrial parks is to elucidate the intricate interplay between industrial activities and the resource,energy,and environmental systems within the limited physical area of the park.Additionally,our study aims to provide systematic regulatory methods and recommendations for decision-making to improve resource and energy efficiency.Furthermore,it is important to uncover the complex attributes of multi-tiered materials and energy flows in the interconnected network of products,enterprises,and infrastructure.Effective MFM is vital for optimizing the industrial structure and development mode of the park,and will serve as a new competitive advantage for achieving the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.Our study proposes three strategies to strengthen MFM.Firstly,the proposal calls for the adoption of a systems-oriented approach to park development,with a focus on implementing both top-down and bottom-up approaches to promote the establishment of MFM systems.Secondly,it highlights the importance of improving coordination mechanisms and achieving multi-level collaborative management of material flows involving enterprises,infrastructure,and industrial parks with active participation of multiple stakeholders.Finally,this study advocates the promotion of collaborative efforts and data resources sharing between park management departments and enterprises,thereby facilitating dynamic and sustainable material flow management within the park through intelligent management approaches.