Background: The influence of patellar resurfacing on anterior knee pain, stair climbing, and functional activity outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are incompletely understood. This study examined the influence of patellar resurfacing on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) relating to anterior knee pain and function. Methods: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR.) patient PROMs were collected preoperatively and at 12 months follow-up for 950 TKAs performed over 5 years. Indications for patellar resurfacing included Grade IV patello-femoral (PFJ) changes or mechanical PFJ findings during patellar trialing. Patellar resurfacing was performed on 393 (41%) of the 950 TKAs performed. Multivariable binomial logistic regressions were performed, using KOOS, JR. questions assessing pain during stair climbing, standing upright, and function during rising from sitting as surrogates for anterior knee pain. Independent regression models were performed for each of the targeted KOOS, JR. questions, with adjustment for age at surgery, sex, and baseline pain and function. Results: No association was observed between 12-month postoperative anterior knee pain or function with patellar resurfacing (P = .17, .97). Patients who had moderate or greater preoperative pain on stairs had an increased likelihood of postoperative pain and functional difficulty (odds ratio 2.3, P = .013), while males were 42% less likely to report postoperative anterior knee pain (odds ratio 0.58, P = .002). Conclusion: Selective patellar resurfacing based on PFJ degeneration and mechanical PFJ symptoms produces similar improvement in PROMs for resurfaced and unresurfaced knees. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Background: Influences on anterior knee pain, stair climbing limitations, and function such as rising from sitting are poorly understood in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Original indications for UKA excluded patients who had patello-femoral disease, while more recent studies have expanded the indications to include these patients. This study examined the influence of the patello-femoral joint degeneration on patient-reported outcome measures relating to anterior knee pain and function after UKA. Methods: Between October 2017 and August 2021, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score of Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR) patient-reported outcome measures were collected preoperatively and at 12 months of follow-up for 678 medial UKAs. Patello-femoral joint status was visually graded intraoperatively. Radiographic or intraoperative medial patellar facet and trochlear patello-femoral arthritis and preoperative anterior knee pain were not considered contraindications for UKA, while grade IV lateral patello-femoral arthritis was considered a contraindication for UKA. Multivariable ordinal logistic regressions were performed, using the KOOS, JR questionnaire assessing pain during stair climbing, standing upright, and function during rising from sitting. Independent regressions were performed for each targeted KOOS, JR question, with adjustments for age at surgery, sex, and baseline pain and function scores.Results: No association was observed between 12-month postoperative anterior knee pain (P = .575) and function (P = .854) with patellar osteoarthritis grading after UKA. When comparing fixed and mobile bearing UKA designs, no association was observed between bearing type and pain (P = .663) or functional outcomes (P = .758).Conclusion: Pain and function improved significantly following medial UKA and was independent of medial patellar and trochlear degenerative status.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUNDTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis but is associated with increased complication rates compared with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). UKA offers better functional outcomes but is associated with a higher risk of revision. The purpose of this study was to apply good-practice, stated-preference methods to quantify patient preferences for benefit-risk tradeoffs associated with arthroplasty treatments for end-stage knee osteoarthritis.METHODSA discrete-choice experiment was developed with the following attributes: chance of complications, functional ability, awareness of the knee implant, and chance of needing another operation within 10 years. Patients included those aged 40 to 80 years with knee osteoarthritis. A pivot design filtered respondents into 1 of 2 surveys on the basis of self-reported functional ability (good compared with fair or poor) as measured by the Oxford Knee Score. Treatment-preference data were collected, and relative attribute-importance weights were estimated.RESULTSTwo hundred and fifty-eight completed survey instruments from 92 males and 164 females were analyzed, with 72 respondents in the good-function cohort and 186 in the fair/poor-function cohort. Patients placed the greatest value or relative importance on serious complications and rates of revision in both cohorts. Preference weights did not vary between cohorts for any attribute. In the good-function cohort, 42% of respondents chose TKA and 58% chose UKA. In the fair/poor-function cohort, 54% chose TKA and 46% chose UKA.CONCLUSIONSPatient preferences for various treatment attributes varied among patients in a knee osteoarthritis population. Complication and revision rates were the most important factors to patients, suggesting that physicians should focus on these areas when discussing treatments. The proportion of patients who chose UKA suggests that the current trend of increased UKA utilization is aligned with patient preferences.CLINICAL RELEVANCESystematic elicitation of patient preferences for knee arthroplasty procedures, which lays out evidence-based risks and benefits of different treatments, indicates a larger subset of the knee osteoarthritis population may prefer UKA than would be suggested by the current rates of utilization of the procedure. Arthroplasty treatment should align with patient preferences and eligibility criteria to better deliver patient-centered care.

Metal-backed tibial components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) currently dominate the orthopaedic market due to intra-operative flexibility afforded by modularity. Metal-backing was first used in TKA as a method to potentially improve loading distributions over the tibial plateau at the interface between the prosthesis and the supporting cancellous bone. Many studies have compared metal-backed and all-polyethylene tibial components with variable survivorship. We have found decreased clinical survivorship with all-polyethylene Anatomic Graduated Component (AGC) TKA's (Biomet, Inc, Warsaw, Indiana) compared to the non-modular metal-backed design at 10-year follow up, 68% vs 98%, respectively. Loosening or bony collapse beneath the medial plateau accounted for 74% of failures in our AGC all-polyethylene cohort. We hypothesised that all-polyethylene tibial components may lead to increased strains in the proximal tibia with the AGC-TKA design, possibly correlating to osseous overload in the medial compartment...

Intro/Purpose Lateral partial knee replacement is indicated as an alternative to total knee replacement for isolated end stage lateral compartment degenerative joint disease. The purpose of this st...

Aims To examine incidence of complications associated with outpatient total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to see if medical comorbidities are associated with complications or extended length of stay. Patients and Methods From June 2013 to December 2016, 1279 patients underwent 1472 outpatient THAs at our free-standing ambulatory surgery centre. Records were reviewed to determine frequency of pre-operative medical comorbidities and post-operative need for overnight stay and complications which arose. Results In 87 procedures, the patient stayed overnight for 23-hour observation, with 39 for convenience reasons and 48 (3.3%) for medical observation, most frequently urinary retention (13), obstructive sleep apnoea (nine), emesis (four), hypoxia (four), and pain management (six). Five patients (0.3%) experienced major complications within 48 hours, including three transferred to an acute facility; there was one death. Overall complication rate requiring unplanned care was 2.2% (32/1472). One or more major comorbidities were present in 647 patients (44%), including previous coronary artery disease (CAD; 50), valvular disease (nine), arrhythmia (219), thromboembolism history (28), obstructive sleep apnoea (171), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 124), asthma (118), frequent urination or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH; 217), or mild chronic renal insufficiency (11). Conclusion The presence of these comorbidities was not associated with medical or surgical complications. However, presence of one or more major comorbidity was associated with an increased risk of overnight observation. Specific comorbidities associated with increased risk were CAD, COPD, and frequent urination/BPH. Outpatient THA is safe for a large proportion of patients without the need for a standardised risk assessment score. Risk of complications is not associated with presence of medical comorbidities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):31–5.

Implant selection in TKA remains highly variable. Surgeons consider pre-operative deformity, patient factors such as BMI and bone quality, surgical experience, retention or substitution for the PCL...

BACKGROUND:Contemporary research has shown medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to be an effective treatment in patients younger than 60 years; however, only one other study has specifically investigated unicompartmental arthroplasty outcomes in patients 50 years or younger. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and survivorship of medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental arthroplasty in this younger patient population. METHODS:A retrospective review of patients undergoing primary unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using the Oxford partial knee from 2003 to 2014 in a single practice database was performed. Patients were included in the study if they were 50 years of age or younger with a primary diagnosis of anteromedial osteoarthritis and minimum clinical follow-up of 2 years. Patient clinical outcomes, function, and need for revision surgery were assessed. RESULTS:The study included 340 knees. Average patient age was 46.5 years, and the mean follow-up was 6.1 years. Patients demonstrated significant improvements (P < .05) in range of motion (114.5 v 116.9), University of California Los Angeles activity score (4.4 vs 5.6), Knee Society clinical (37.3 vs 86.5) and functional scores (58.8 v 79.8). Overall, 20 patients required reoperation, and the predicted survival rate was 96% at 6 years and 86% at 10 years. Aseptic loosening occurred in 7 patients at an average of 5.6 years postoperatively, while 4 patients required conversion to total knee arthroplasty because of arthritic progression at a mean time of 6.6 years. There were no revision procedures required due to polyethylene liner wear or breakage. CONCLUSION:Medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental arthroplasty should be considered as a treatment option in patients younger than 50 years of age suffering from anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee.

Aims Few reconstructive techniques are available for patients requiring complex acetabular revisions such as those involving Paprosky type 2C, 3A and 3B deficiencies and pelvic discontinuity. Our aim was to describe the development of the patient specific Triflange acetabular component for use in these patients, the surgical technique and mid-term results. We include a description of the pre-operative CT scanning, the construction of a model, operative planning, and surgical technique. All implants were coated with porous plasma spray and hydroxyapatite if desired. Patients and methods A multicentre, retrospective review of 95 complex acetabular reconstructions in 94 patients was performed. A total of 61 (64.2%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 66 (38 to 85). The mean body mass index was 29 kg/m(2) (18 to 51). Outcome was reported using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), complications, failures and survival. Results The mean follow-up was 3.5 years (1 to 11). The mean HHS improved from 46 (15 to 90) pre-operatively to 75 (14 to 100). A total of 21 hips (22%) had at least one complication with some having more than one; including dislocation (6%), infection (6%), and femoral complications (2%). The implant was subsequently removed in five hips (5%), only one for suspected aseptic loosening. Conclusion The Triflange patient specific acetabular component provides predictable fixation with complication rates which are similar to those of other techniques.

Background: Perhaps, the most significant developments in joint arthroplasty in the past decade have been in the area of multimodal perioperative management reducing pain, nausea, and length of stay leading to outpatient arthroplasty. Methods: Over a 2-year period, we performed 1230 arthroplasty cases including partial knee, total hip, total knee, and selected revision cases. Results: Patient satisfaction ranged from 98% to 100% great/good. Ninety-eight percent of patients were discharged the same day. There were no readmissions for pain control and an overall readmission rate of 2%. Conclusion: The outpatient program centers on the patient needs, family engagement, essentials of home recovery, preoperative education, efficient surgery, and a surgeon-controlled environment with a highly standardized care. This is a distinct shift in today's health-care environment, which has seen the expansion of regulatory demands; focus on Electronic Health Record, and distractions from real discussions of demonstrated value creation. The future is bright for both ambulatory surgery center and hospital development of successful outpatient joint arthroplasty program for patients and surgeons alike. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The femoral and tibial components in any specific TKA system have a variety of size matching compatibilities. Registry data has indicated a higher failure rate with so called "mismatched" components for one knee system. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of size mismatch in a large prospective database of two TKA designs.

Revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming increasingly common as the population ages and the number of existing primary TKAs continues to increase. Revision TKA systems use a greater range of component modularity than primary TKA systems, including stems, augments, and varying levels of constraint. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the authors' institution's use of one specific revision knee implant system and its midterm results. The Vanguard SSK Revision Knee System (Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) was implanted 297 times in 272 patients between 2005 and 2013. Average patient age was 67.2 years, average body mass index was 33 kg/m(2), and average follow-up was 4.8 years. The most common diagnoses leading to use of this system were failed previous TKA (45.5%) and periprosthetic infection (23.2%). The SSK system was used in 78 (26.3%) complex primary TKAs at the discretion of the operating surgeon. There were 22 failures: 12 septic and 10 aseptic. Of the 12 infections, 6 occurred after 2-staged treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, with all 6 of these reinfections having a different causative organism. Aseptic failures included aseptic loosening (n=3), periprosthetic fracture (n=2), patellar maltracking (n=2), instability (n=1), arthrofibrosis (n=1), and extensor mechanism disruption (n=1). Aseptic implant survivorship was 97.2%, 95.6%, 93.1%, and 93.1% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years postoperatively, respectively. The Vanguard SSK demonstrates excellent performance at medium-range follow-up with respect to complications, clinical scores, and prosthesis survivorship. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(5):e833-e837.].

BACKGROUND:Short-stemmed femoral components facilitate reduced exposure surgical techniques while preserving native bone. A clinically successful stem should ideally reduce risk for stress shielding while maintaining adequate primary stability for biological fixation. We asked (1) how stem-length changes cortical strain distribution in the proximal femur in a fit-and-fill geometry and (2) if short-stemmed components exhibit primary stability on par with clinically successful designs.METHODS:Cortical strain was assessed via digital image correlation in composite femurs implanted with long, medium, and short metaphyseal fit-and-fill stem designs in a single-leg stance loading model. Strain was compared to a loaded, unimplanted femur. Bone-implant micromotion was then compared with reduced lateral shoulder short stem and short tapered-wedge designs in cyclic axial and torsional testing.RESULTS:Femurs implanted with short-stemmed components exhibited cortical strain response most closely matching that of the intact femur model, theoretically reducing the potential for proximal stress shielding. In micromotion testing, no difference in primary stability was observed as a function of reduced stem length within the same component design.CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate that within this fit-and-fill stem design, reduction in stem length improved proximal cortical strain distribution and maintained axial and torsional stability on par with other stem designs in a composite femur model. Short-stemmed implants may accommodate less invasive surgical techniques while facilitating more physiological femoral loading without sacrificing primary implant stability.

Subcapital fractures about the hip continue to be a common clinical scenario with which we all face. There are estimated to be over 350,000 hip fractures annually in the U.S. with 40% being displaced femoral neck fractures. The mean cost is over $30,000. Optimizing surgical care is essential with the overall goal being to perform the most effective treatment with the lowest risk of reoperation that provides the best postoperative function and pain relief. In the “young” (which is often defined as whatever age is younger than you!) reduction and internal fixation is often the most effective retaining the native femoral head. The risk of non-union and AVN is often less than potential complications that can follow an arthroplasty with 40% of displaced fractures treated with ORIF eventually requiring reoperation. Essentially for every 100 patients that undergo ORIF for displaced femoral neck fracture, choosing arthroplasty instead results in 17 conversions avoided. In the “elderly” in general we treat all displaced fractures with a total hip replacement which reduced re-admissions and is more cost effective for displaced femoral neck fractures. Aside from the medical morbidity following an arthroplasty dislocation is the primary concern. We have found the anterolateral approach reduces this significantly. Non-displaced fractures that are valgus impacted and biomechanically stable are treated with cannulated screws. Perhaps it can be argued that a hemiarthroplasty (bipolar or monopolar) has a lower risk of dislocation compared to a total hip replacement if performed by a surgical team with less frequent total hip replacement experience. However, total hip replacement results in less pain and better function when the patients are independent with intact mental status (patient not the surgeon…!). My algorithm is non-displaced valgus impacted or “stable” fractures undergo cannulated screws and the displaced fractures receive a total hip arthroplasty via an anterolateral approach.

An uncemented stem has been used successfully in total hip arthroplasty for 2 decades, and some implants have been updated. The authors have used second-generation uncemented proximal porous coating stems, the Echo Bi-Metric Full Proximal Profile stem (Echo FPP; Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) and the Echo Reduced Proximal Profile stem (Echo RPP; Biomet). This article reports short-term outcomes with these stems compared with their predecessor, the Bi-Metric stem (Biomet). The authors reviewed 1280 Echo FPP stems, 366 Echo RPP stems, and 1497 Bi-Metric stems. With more than 5 years of follow-up, both the Echo FPP and the Echo RPP stems had 100% survivorship with stem revision as the endpoint, and the Bi-Metric stems also had 100% survivorship for more than 20 years. Average Harris Hip Scores for the Echo FPP, the Echo RPP, and the Bi-Metric stems were 53.3, 49.7, and 51.5 preoperatively, 93.8, 94.6, and 95.2 at 1 year, and 94.0, 95.8, and 95.4 at 3 years postoperatively, respectively. Dislocation after surgery was significantly lower with the Echo FPP and the Echo RPP stems than with the Bi-Metric stems, but this was more relevant to the surgical approach and head size. All radiographs of the Echo FPP, the Echo RPP, and the Bi-Metric stems showed proximal femoral remodeling consistent with osseous ingrowth. Distal cortical hypertrophy around the implanted stem and spot-welding were comparably observed in all 3 cohorts. The short-term outcomes of the updated uncemented stems were as excellent as the previously used stem regarding survivorship, complications, and radiographic assessment.

BACKGROUND:Whether patient-reported symptoms and function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) compare favorably to similar individuals without a diagnosis of knee pathology has not been investigated. METHODS:A retrospective, multicenter study was designed in which 4 centers contributed patients between ages 18 and 80 years undergoing knee arthroplasty. Data were collected by an independent, third-party survey center that administered a questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction and function. The survey center identified a "control" population of the same age range using a "random digit dial call method" with no prior knee interventions or major problems with their knees limiting their activity. Comparisons were performed using multivariate logistic regression analyses accounting for differences in demographic variables among the 3 cohorts. RESULTS:Overall, 1456 TKAs, 476UKAs, and 409 controls were included for analysis. Controls reported a surprisingly high incidence of pain (30%), a limp (26%), stiffness (22%), and noise (21%) in their knee. However, the likelihood of reported noise (odds ratio [OR], 1.3), swelling (OR, 1.4), stiffness (OR, 1.8), and difficulty getting in and out of a chair (OR, 2.5) was increased after TKA vs controls (P < .001-.03). The likelihood of swelling (OR, 1.8), stiffness (OR, 1.5), and difficulty getting in and out of a chair (OR, 1.7) was increased after UKA vs controls (P = .002-.005). CONCLUSION:When interviewed by an independent, third party, a substantial percentage of control patients reported the presence of knee symptoms, but to a lesser degree than patients after a knee arthroplasty.

Substantial advances have been made in arthroplasty to minimize surgical trauma and maximize perioperative pain control, which has enabled patients to regain mobility within hours of surgical intervention and be safely discharged to home the same day. Surgeons should understand the indications and contraindications for the safe performance of outpatient arthroplasty in a hospital and ambulatory surgical center setting as well as know how to optimize, medically manage, prepare, and rehabilitate patients. To undertake outpatient arthroplasty, surgeons must be knowledgeable in multimodal anesthesia techniques, effective venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, blood management, and wound management. In addition, surgeons must learn the subtle nuances of specialized surgical techniques that lend themselves to outpatient arthroplasty, including partial knee, muscle-sparing total hip, less invasive total knee, and total shoulder techniques.

Background Whether patient-reported symptoms and function after total hip and surface replacement arthroplasty in young, active patients compare favorably to those without known hip pathology has not been investigated. Methods A retrospective, multicenter study was designed in which 5 centers contributed patients aged <60 years with a presymptomatic University of California at Los Angeles score ≥6 undergoing hip arthroplasty. Data were collected by an independent, third-party survey center that administered a questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction and function. A "control" population with no prior hip interventions or hip pathology limiting their activity, that met the age and activity criteria, was identified for comparison using multivariate regression analyses. Results Eight-hundred six hip arthroplasties (682 total hip arthroplasty, 124 surface replacement arthroplasty) and 158 controls were included. A greater percentage of hip arthroplasty patients were male and aged >50 years which was controlled during multivariate regression analyses. Control patients reported the presence of a limp (15%), stiffness (11%), and pain in the hip (8%), but to a lesser degree than hip arthroplasty patients. Control patients were less likely to report pain in the hip (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-0.7, P = .006), stiffness in the hip (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8, P = .02), and a limp (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8, P < .001) vs patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Conclusion When interviewed by an independent third party, a substantial portion of control patients did note the presence of hip symptoms, but to a lesser degree than young, active patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Refinement of surgical techniques, anaesthesia protocols, and patient selection have facilitated this transformation to same day discharge for arthroplasty care, most notably Partial Knee Arthroplasty (PKR). The trend for early discharge has already happened for procedures formerly regarded as “inpatient” procedures such as upper extremity surgery, arthroscopy, ACL reconstruction, foot and ankle procedures, and rotator cuff repair. Our program began focused on Partial Knee Arthroplasty (PKA) and has now expanded to primary TKA and THA, and select revision cases. Over the past few years we have performed 1,230 Knee Arthroplasty procedures with no readmissions for pain control. Average age and age range is identical to our inpatient cohort for our partial knee cases. Patient selection is based on medical screening criteria and insurance access. PKA is the ideal procedure to begin your transition to the outpatient space. We currently perform medial PKA, lateral PKA, and patellofemoral arthroplasty as outpatient cases. The program centers on the patient, their family, home recovery, pre-operative education, efficient surgery, and represents a shift in the paradigm of arthroplasty care. It can be highly beneficial to patients, surgeons, anaesthesia, facility costs, and payors as arthroplasty procedures shift to the outpatient space. Perhaps the most significant developments in joint replacement surgery in the past decade have been in the area of multimodal pain management. This has reduced length of stay in the inpatient hospital environment opening the opportunity for cost savings and even outpatient joint replacement surgery for appropriately selected patients. The hallmark of this program is meticulous protocol execution. Pre-emptive pain control with oral anti-inflammatory agents, gabapentin, regional anesthetic blocks that preserve quad function for TKA (adductor canal block) and pericapsular long acting local anesthetics with the addition of injectable ketorolac and IV acetaminophen are key adjuncts. Over the past two years utilizing this type of program over 60% of our partial knee replacement patients are now returning home the day of surgery. Concerns over readmission are appropriate. The rates of complications and readmissions are less than our inpatient cohort in appropriately selected cases with a standardised care map. We believe this brings the best VALUE to the patients, surgeons, and the arthroplasty system.