General: In recent years a large number of new Martian meteorites have been reported [1] which significantly widened our knowledge concerning Martian geology, mineralogy, petrogenesis and formation/chronology. Nevertheless, the hypothesized existence of a strong Martian dipole magnetic field during very early periods of time, < 4 Gyrs, and the basic physical processes behind the strong crustal anomalies of the southern hemisphere are still a mystery. Is it generally accepted that a strong magnetic dipole field represents the most important condition for the formation of a stable atmosphere on a planet over longer period of times, and based on that the existence of liquid water on a planets surface, here Mars. The search for traces of live or prebiotic structures on the Mars surface was without any success so far. Future planed sample return missions are mainly focused in this direction [3]. Presently (5/2018) about 110 Martian meteorites are reported, several more still under investigation (classification process pending), details are found in [1, 2]. In our contribution we will focus on a specific group of Martian meteorites, the nakhlites named after the famous Nakhla fall. In terms of petrogenesis, nakhlites are clinopyroxenites with some content of olivines, for details see [1,2] and are interpreted as shallow mantle rocks, related to chassignites (dunites). In this contribution we will focus on the magnetic and mineralogical signature of the four reported Miller Range nakhlites: MIL03346, MIL 090030, MIL 090032 and MIL 090136. We received 2 samples of each MIL stone, one interior and one exterior (near surface but without FC) chip, all about 0.3 gr in mass. The homogeneity of the magnetic signature was investigated by systematical investigation a 3D array sampled along slices cut across the main mass of MIL 090032, all together 16 sub-samples (27 individual fragments). A large range of (paleo-) magnetic, mineralogical and Raman Spectroscopic parameters have been studied, here we will focus only on selected magnetic parameters and magnetic phase composition (magneto-mineralogy), [MagSus: specific magnetic susceptibility, classification parameter]: Results: 1. Comparison between the 4 MIL stones: MIL 03346 int/ext shows slightly different MagSus values (lower), the MagSus values of other 3 stones lay within a very narrow range (int. 3.73-3.84, ext 3.69-3.80, respect.). 2. MagSus comparison 4 MIL stones int-ext: ext MagSus values are in the range of 0.92-0.98 of the int values, so slightly lower: the effect is due to terrestrial alteration even under Antarctic (cold desert) conditions: the int/ext difference in MagSus of individual meteorites depends significantly on terrestrial age, mineralogy / phase composition, but also on the cover-degree / thickness of the fusion crust. 3. Trends of other magnetic parameters (magnetic remanences such as NRM, several IRM’s) and related parameters will be shown in our poster. 4. The magnetic phases in MIL stones have been investigated within a large temperature range including space conditions (low-T.) in our experiments (Raman data will be reported elsewhere): the dominating phases are (Ti-) bearing magnetite (low Ti content in general), and minor Ilmenite, traces of Fe-sulfides (pyrrhotite?). 5. Comparison with the other nakhlites (10 reported [1]): an update of earlier and existing models concerning burial depth [4-6] will be shown in our poster. 6. MIL sample array (MIL 090032): a very homogenous distribution of MagSus was detected. Acknowledgements: The MIL nakhlite samples have been allocated by K. Righter and his team (LPI/NASA) for our projects which is highly acknowledged.

Paleomagnetic and rockmagnetic studies were carried out in order to investigate the characteristics of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of deep-sea sediments cored from offshore Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. The core is 540cm long. Alternating-field (AF) demagnetization experiments using a stepwise AF field from5to100mTwereconductedonallofthesamples. TheNRMintensitiesare10-100 times higher than those commonly obtained from different localities. In the upper 460cm of the core, most samples had stable single component magnetization, and remarkable high-stability components which survived up to 100mT were observed. In the lower section of the core, in contrast, many samples showed more unstable (zigzag) demagnetization curves and secondary acquired magnetizations. The optimum AF demagnetization field intensity was assumed to be 30mT, because the secondary magnetizations of every sample seemed to be completely demagnetized at that AF field. The down core NRM variation after demagnetization by the optimum field revealed that the core contains 3 polarity intervals. By using smaller cubic samples of 1cc volume, the time resolution of the paleomagnetic record was much improved. Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) experiments were also conducted on all of the samples. The results of the AF demagnetization of ARM imply that the samples showing only soft NRM component possibly acquired their magnetization under a weak geomagnetic field.

The fall and discovery of a large number of fragments/individuals of the Almahata Sitta meteorite in the desert of N Sudan has significantly deepened our knowledge concerning the formation, structure and life cycle of asteroids [1,2]. In contrast to earlier findings, Almahata Sitta classified as a polymict ureilite does not only contain small clasts or fragments of different meteorite lithologies but consists of individuals of a growing number of different meteorite types and classes (rubble pile asteroid): various ureilite types and related lithologies (several unknown before) and a growing number of ordinary, carbonaceous and enstatite chondrites. Even unique and new meteorite lithologies such as Trachy-Andesites or an individual with affinity to Rumuruti chondrites have been discovered [2].

Following publication of the original article (Oda et al. 2016), the authors asked to add the following sentence, which should have appeared at the beginning of the acknowledgements: “The authors express sincere thanks to all the members of JARE-54 and BELARE 2012–2013 joint expedition”.

(1) Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet and UMR-CNRS 6524, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 23 rue du Dr Paul Michelon, 42023 Saint Etienne, France, (2) Paléomagnétisme, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot and UMR-CNRS 7154, 4 avenue de Neptune, 94107 Saint-Maur cedex, France, (3) National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190-8518, Japan, (4) Université de la Réunion, UMR-CNRS 7154 and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Géosciences Réunion, 97715 Saint Denis cedex 9, La Réunion, France

Focusing to the self-reversal of Thermo-Remanent Magnetization (TRM), we examined magnetic properties of 32 pieces of unoriented pumice samples, which were systematically collected from eight layers of pumice-fall and pumice-flow deposits at Haruna Volcano, Japan in the two stages of the eruption, i.e., Futatsu-dake stage (the 5th stage) and caldera-forming stage (the 4th stage). The magnetic behaviors of TRM well correlated with the primary chemical composition (TiO2-content or x (molecular fraction value of ilmenite in xFeTiO3-(1−x)Fe2O3)) of the hemoilmenite phenocrysts in the samples. That is, the samples of which chemical composition of hemoilmenite is TiO2 ∼ 30 wt% (x ∼ 0.582) showed various types of TRM including typical intense Self-Reversed Thermo-Remanent Magnetization (SRTRM), whereas the samples of which chemical composition of hemoilmenite is TiO2 ∼ 32 wt% (x ∼ 0.620) showed one type of TRM; weak intensity of self-reversed component of TRM. This result harmonizes with the well-known diagram by Uyeda, where the intensity of SRTRM of hemoilmenite (quenched) is an explicit function of the chemical composition, and only in the restricted narrow range of the chemical composition, intense SRTRM is acquired. Moreover, the hemoilmenite samples of which chemical composition is less than TiO2 ∼ 31 wt% (x ∼ 0.60) are capable to acquire various intensities of SRTRM on annealing according to its condition. In our TiO2-poorer (or smaller-x) samples, the variety in the behavior of TRM is well explained with this annealing effect in this compositional range.

Deception Island is a young and active volcano located in the south-western part of Bransfield back-arc basin. During the last twenty years the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy has carried out geophysical surveys in the area. In addition, an unmanned aerial vehicle flight was conducted in 2011 at 800m height on the northern half of Deception Island. Analysing and comparing magnetic grids obtained in different periods and tie point readings allow us to detect temporal changes and isolate signals of volcanic origin. Magnetic survey cruises performed in Deception Island's inner bay (1988, 1999 and 2008), and the study of its outer area's magnetic anomaly changes, point to a period of high variations concentrated between December 1989 and December 1999 that may be related to the two main recent periods of seismic activity (1992 and January 1999). From December 1999 to December 2008, there were no significant changes in seismic activity; nevertheless, our data show some magnetic alterations, which might signal the slow progress of a volcanic environment towards equilibrium. Interpreting these magnetic changes called for the construction of several forward models. Additionally, we put forth this kind of study as a suitable, economical and easy method for monitoring an active volcanic system whenever it is possible to measure the magnetic field with accurate positioning, and if the external field components are removed correctly.

We developed small computer-controlled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, Ant-Plane) using parts and technology designed for model airplanes. These UAVs have a maximum flight range of 300-500 km. We planned aeromagnetic and aerial photographic surveys using the UAVs around Bransfleld Basin, Antarctica, beginning from King George Island. However, we were unable to complete these flights due to unsuitable weather conditions and flight restrictions. Successful flights were subsequently conducted from Livingston Island to Deception Island in December 2011. This flight covered 302.4 km in 3:07:08, providing aeromagnetic and aerial photographic data from an altitude of 780 m over an area of 9 x 18 km around the northern region of Deception Island. The resulting magnetic anomaly map of Deception Island displayed higher resolution than the marine anomaly maps published already. The flight to South Bay in Livingston Island successfully captured aerial photographs that could be used for assessment of glacial and sea-ice conditions. It is unclear whether the cost-effectiveness of the airborne survey by UAV is superior to that of manned flight. Nonetheless, Ant-Plane 6-3 proved to be highly cost-effective for the Deception Island flight, considering the long downtime of the airplane in the Antarctic storm zone. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.

Two small unmanned aerial vehicles, Ant-Plane 6 and Ant-Plane 3, were assembled using parts and technologies developed for model airplanes. The aerial vehicles were scheduled to conduct aero magnetic and photographic surveys of the Brans?eld Basin, from a takeoff runway at Marsh Air?eld on the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, during January 2011. However, the scheduled surveys were not conducted on account of poor weather. Research was later conducted on a glacier, using a takeoff runway at St. Kliment Ohridski Base, Livingston Island, during December 2011. A ?ight from St. Kliment Ohridski Base to Deception Island yielded satisfactory results; the total distance of 302.4 km was traversed in 3 h 7 min (3:07). On this ?ight, aeromagnetic and aerial photographic data were obtained from an altitude of 780 m for a 9×18 km area on the northern half of Deception Island. Aerial photographs of Deception Island and South Bay showed the distributions of glaciers and their crevasses. The Ant-Plane ?ew over the Antarctic horizon and surveyed above Deception Island. That was the successful venture of this kind, demonstrating that airborne surveys by Ant-Planes are useful for Antarctic research investigations. Airborne surveys provide a safe and economical approach to data acquisition as compared with manned aerial operations.

A detailed magnetic mapping using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) technique was carried out in Pointe Géologie archipelago (Terre Adélie, East Antarctica) that represents a hot crust having experienced a long-lived anatectic event during Paleoproterozoic times, 1.69Ga ago. AMS measurements allowed to better analyse the tectonic structure of the crystalline basement that is built up by rocks affected by various degrees of partial melting and then, devoid of clear strain markers. AMS sampling was performed from main rocks types of Pointe Géologie: migmatites including leucosomes and melanosomes, coarse-grained pink granites, anatexites and mylonitic gneisses. For melanosomes, the magnetic foliation is dominantly in agreement with the observed field foliation, i.e. dominantly N–S sub-vertical in shear zones and gently inclined in dome structures. AMS technique reveals a sub-horizontal magnetic lineation in migmatites from shear zones and a gently plunging one in dome structures. Magnetic properties of leucosomes and of coarse-pink granitic dykes contrast with melanosomes. The bulk susceptibility and anisotropy degree are significantly lower in granitic magmas that in melanosomes. In addition, in well-defined leucosomes, granitic dykes and anatexites, the magnetic ellipsoid is characterized by a higher plunge of the magnetic lineation, which tends to be vertical. This is associated to a rheological contrast between the solid-state deformation suffered by oxide grains in the melanosomes and their reorientation in a viscous flow during the transfer of felsic melt to the granitic dykes. Magnetic structure of leucosomes, granitic dykes and anatexites highlights the role of the gravity-induced upwelling of a crust undergoing high degree of partial melting in a transpressional regime.

A remote retrieval system, using a wireless LAN, was developed to retrieve dual-frequency GPS data. The system consists of a ground observation unit (comprising a dual-frequency GPS logger and a data transmission unit) and a data retrieval unit. In this system, we use the ZigBee communication protocol to transmit control commands (2.4 GHz, 250 Kbps) and a wireless LAN communication to transmit GPS data (2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps). Data of every 30 seconds to transmit to the data retrieval unit are re-sampled from 1-second data at 00 UT each day. We conducted three data-transmission tests with the system: (1) a ground data retrieval test, (2) a data retrieval test from the atmosphere of a few hundred meters high using a small unmanned aircraft, and (3) actual GPS-data retrieval tests from a GPS buoy deployed on sea ice at Nisi-no-ura Cove, Syowa Station, Antarctica. In test (1), we successfully received all the data from the ground observation unit when situated at distances of less than 400 m from the data retrieval unit. In test (2), we obtained approximately 24.5 MB of data from the aircraft at heights of less than 250 m. In test (3), we obtained approximately 23.5 MB of data from the GPS buoy within 10 minutes. The proposed system has the advantage of enabling continuous measurements without aborting the measurement at the data retrievals.

The authors have been developing two types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) named “Ant-Plane UAVs”. Ant-Plane UAVs are developed so that they can be used for scientific missions such as aerial geomagnetic survey and filming in summer season in Antarctica. In order to demonstrate usefulness of UAVs, accumulate expertise, and promote use of UAVs especially for scientific missions in Antarctic area where the research activities using manned aircraft are no easy, we have attempted several flights and made success to acquire precious geomagnetic data and onboard video images in Antarctica during 2011-2012 summer season. The UAV has taken off from the glacier near St. Kliment Ohridski Station of Bulgaria in Livingston Island to the area over Deception Island. The island is located 30km off the Station. Total distance flew in the survey flight was more than 300km, and the geomagnetic data obtained by the UAV has become the world’s first geomagnetic data above Deception Island. This paper describes the UAVs developed, the flight results in Antarctica, obtained expertise and lessons learned.

The Almahata Sitta meteorite is the first case of recovered extraterrestrial material originating from an asteroid that was detected in near Earth space shortly before entering and exploding in the high atmosphere. The aims of our project within the 2008 TC3 consortium were investigating Almahata Sitta's (AS) magnetic signature, phase composition and mineralogy, focussing on the opaque minerals, and gaining new insights into the magnetism of the ureilite parent body (UPB). We report on the general magnetic properties and behavior of Almahata Sitta and try to place the results in context with the existing data set on ureilites and ureilite parent body models. The magnetic signature of AS is dominated by a set of low-Ni kamacites with large grain sizes. Additional contributions come from micron-sized kamacites, suessite, (Cr) troilite, and daubreelite, mainly found in the olivine grains adjacent to carbon-rich veins. Our results show that the paleomagnetic signal is of extraterrestrial origin as can be seen by comparing with laboratory produced magnetic records (IRM). Four types of kamacite (I-IV) have been recognized in the sample. The elemental composition of the ureilite vein metal Kamacite I (particularly Co) clearly differs from the other kamacites (II-IV), which are considered to be indigenous. Element ratios of kamacite I indicate that it was introduced into the UPB by an impactor, supporting the conclusions of Gabriel and Pack (2009).