One of the most petroleum-rich basins in the Eastern Niger Basin, the Termit Basin is characterized by large and heterogeneous source rocks. Analyzing the hydrocarbon potential and microfossils of sedimentary formations is crucial and provides accurate information on organic matter input, maturity, and paleogeographic conditions. The available literature has largely investigated the source potential and depositional environment, mainly through biomarker analyses. However, paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the entire Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene sedimentary series based on microfossil content remains insufficient. This paper explores geochemical data, microfossils, and fluid pressure-volume-temperature data to evaluate the source-rock potential, infer the paleoenvironmental conditions of the Upper Cretaceous deposits (Donga Fm, Yogou Fm, and Madama Fm) and the Paleocene-Eocene deposits (Sokor-1 Fm), and characterize the reservoirs. The study integrated geochemistry (Rock-Eval pyrolysis) of rock samples, micropaleontology, and PVT analyses. The findings demonstrate that the Paleocene-Eocene (Sokor-1Fm) samples exhibit fair-to-good source rock quality and contain mixed type II-III to type III kerogen, with mean values of TOC, S1, S2, and HI of 1.24%, 0.25 mg HC/g rock, 2.43 mg HC/g rock, and 180g HC/g TOC, respectively. However, their Tmax and calculated Ro mean value (4190C and 0.38%, respectively) indicate that they remain thermally immature. The palynoflora found in this formation suggests a swampy or lake margin environment with fluvial influence and well-established vegetation, possibly under a humid tropical climate. The Yogou and Donga formations exhibit poor-to-excellent source rock quality and contain mixed type II/III, III kerogen, and rarely type II and I kerogen (with average TOC, S1, S2, HI, Tmax value of 1.56% and 1.33%, 0.43 and 0.49 mg HC/g rock, 7.66 and 5.29 mg HC/g rock, 410 and 321 mg HC/g TOC, 437.40C and 4390C, respectively). The analysed samples from these formations are mostly thermally mature and lie within the oil-generation window (mean Ro value of 0.61 and 0.68, respectively). The microfossil assemblages observed in the Yogou Formation, including Clithrocytheridea senegali, Trichodinium spp., Paleaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Monocolpites marginatus, and Botryococcus spp. indicate a marginal marine coastal setting at very shallow water depths close to a well-vegetated shoreline. The upper section of the Donga Fm exhibits microfauna assemblages suggesting shallow-marine to neritic depositional settings with fluvial influence, while the middle and lower sections show contents indicating an open-marine epicontinental sea, and restricted marine to lagoonal conditions, respectively. Zlivisporis blanensis, Diongymnium acuminatum Senegalinium spp., Buntonia cutacea, Veenia senegali, Globotruncanella minuta, and Botryococcus spp. observed in Madama Fm, suggests a low-energy, swampy/coastal marine environment with well-developed vegetation of ferns and palms in a humid tropical climate and brief increase of open marine influence. The PVT analyses demonstrate that the two sets of reservoir fluids are black oils and that they belong to undersaturated reservoirs. This study provides valuable insight into the Trakes Slope of Termit Basin prospectivity. It can guide future exploration and development activities.

The Iullemmeden basin groundwater resources were assessed in the Dosso Region for the groundwater management. This study applied multivariate statistical analyses and classical tools of hydrogeochemistry to identify the main factors impacting groundwater mineralization. The results indicate the occurrence of acidic to basic fresh groundwaters but with excessive mineralization in some places. Good to excellent drinking groundwaters are largely represented in the system. The categorization of groundwater patterns evolves from (i) mixed types namely Ca/Mg-HCO3, Ca/Mg-Cl, Na-Cl/SO4, Ca-Cl/SO4 and Ca/Mg-Cl/SO4 for the Ct3 particularly; to (ii) chloride types such as NaCl, CaCl and MgCl mostly for Ct1 and Ct2; and (iii) the bicarbonate types precisely Na-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 for Ch. The weathering of silicate minerals and dissolution of carbonate and salts are the major processes in the multilayer system. The increase of EC and salinity in Ct2 could come from the relics of ancient seawater during the last regression. To a lesser extent, fertilizers from agriculture, and livestock farming also contribute to groundwater mineralization and nitrate contamination in the study area. The groundwater assessment of the Iullemmeden sedimentary basin in the Dosso Region revealed the main factors and processes characterizing each aquifer of this system, which can be helpful for better groundwater resource management.

Introduction: Postpartum is a period of physical and psychological upheaval with the possibility of surgical complications. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological-clinical, therapeutic and prognostic profile of postpartum surgical emergencies. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study over 8 months (from August 2022 to March 2023) including all patients admitted to the general surgery service for acute surgical abdomen in the postpartum period. Result: Seven patients were retained with an average age of 28.33 6.89years. We found 4 cases (57.1%) of post-operative peritonitis, 1cas (14.3%) of appendicular abscess and 1 case (14.3%) of strangled white line hernia. Clinical signs were dominated by abdominal pain, conjunctival pallor and fever. Anemia was confirmed in 5 (71.4%) patients and we found leukocytosis in all patients. Laparotomy associated with hysterectomy was performed in 2cas, laparotomy avively of the banks and uterine suture in 2 cases, washing of the peritoneal cavity associated with abdominal drainage in 1 case, hernia cure in 1cas, an appendectomy in 1cas and a sigmoidectomy in 1cas; abdominal drainage was performed in all our patients. Conclusion: The occurrence of an abdominal surgical emergency in postpartum is serious and may involve the obstetric and vital prognosis of the patient. The involvement of all actors (surgeon, obstetrician and anesthesiologist resuscitator) in the management, remains essential to secure the periartum period.

This study focuses on exoscopic analyses of detrital zircon grains of Archean and Paleoproterozoic age, contained in the sediments from the Niamey Neoproterozoic sandstones (Niamey region), with a view to confirming the sediments sources already proposed (Kénéma-Man domain for Archean-age zircons and Baoulé Mossi domain for Paleoproterozoic-age zircons). Exoscopic analysis reveals that Archean zircon grains are more corroded, with rounded to sub-rounded shapes, while Paleoproterozoic zircon grains are less corroded and mostly angular in shape. The strong corrosion of Archean zircon grains, implying long-distance transport, is consistent with the remoteness of the Kenema-Man domain which are the source these sediments. The fact that the Paleoproterozoic zircon grains show little or no wear implies a proximal source of sediments, corresponding to the Baoulé Mossi domain.

Objectives: To study delayed primary closure in ballistic and explosive device injuries by describing the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Methodology: This was a prospective study running from August 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023 including all patients of all ages presenting a ballistic or explosive device injury. Results: In 10 months, we collected 190 cases of ballistic and explosive device trauma, or 35.9%. The average age was 31.89 ± 14.026 years with a sex ratio of 12. Intercommunity conflicts were the most frequent causes (61.1%). Limb injuries represented 78.9 %, of which isolated wounds without fracture were the most frequent (59.5%). Standard radiography was ’the most used medical imaging (94%). DPC (Deferred Primary Closure) was performed in 71.2% followed by DPC + external fixator in 19%. We recorded 2 cases of death. Conclusion: Well-conducted delayed primary closure helps reduce the risk of complications, give the patient every chance of survival and shorten the hospital stay.

Niamey sandstones belong to a group of formations of Neoproterozoic-age, located on the Man shield northeastern margin. They sporadically outcrop along the Niger river valley. These geological formations, which occupy a central position in relation to the Taoudenni basin (further north) and the Voltas basin (further south), share similarities with the formations of the aforementioned basins. The research objective is to determine the synsedimentary deformation that has affected these Niamey sandstones in the Tondibia area. The methodological approach used focuses, firstly, on field measurements of synsedimentary deformation structures, and secondly, on projecting these measurements into the Win-Tenseur program in order to calculate stress tensors (s1, s2, s3). Synsedimentary deformations appear during the early stages of lithification, i.e. when the sediment is still loose and contains a high percentage of water. The analysis of these deformations is of great interest for the tectonic-sedimentary analysis of basin deposits. Deformation analysis reveals that the synsedimentary deformation phase affecting the Niamey sandstones is characterized by a NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW direction of elongation. This phase of deformation is marked in the field by normal faults with an average orientation of N80°. This extensive episode is concomitant with the extension of the Neoproterozoic Ocean (870 to 800 Ma).

The present study covered the Ader Doutchi sub-basin, corresponding to the south-eastern part of the Iullemmeden basin. The sediment fill of the Ader Doutchi sub-basin is made up of deposits from the Maastrichtian to Eocene ages. The objective of this study is to: (i) analyze the vertical sequence of facies, (ii) identify the main fractures, (iii) chronologically map the main fractures from field observations and (iv) Determine the time sequence of major fracking events. The methodology implemented is based on field and laboratory work. The field work consisted of the survey of lithostratigraphic sections, with sampling and structural measurements. The laboratory work is all about processing structural data using the Win-Tensor 5-8-9 program. The sedimentological analysis of Maastrichtian to Ypresian deposits (lower eocene) reveals two main facies: one clay and the other marno-limestone. The analysis of fractures in the studied formations highlights three episodes of fracturing, D1, D2 and D3, associated with the Maastrichtian, Paleogene and Ypresian age deposits.

Appendicitis bilharzia is a very rare condition and we report 3 cases of this pathology that sense clinical and biological similarities with bacterial appendicitis.The etiological diagnosis was exclusively histopathological, this allowed to highlight eggs of Schistosome in the appendicular wall in the three patients.The surgical treatment was supplemented by a specific medical treatment based on praziquantel.The surgical suites were simple for 2 patients, complicated by superficial parietal suppuration in a patient.

Introduction: Little data are available on female hypertension in our context, motivating the realization of this study to determine its prevalence and the associated electro- and echocardiographic abnormalities. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study Results over 6 months in the cardiology department of the CHUGT by including patients aged 18 years and over seen in consultation and in whom the diagnosis of hypertension was made. All patients consented to participate in the study after information on the study and the absence of prejudice in the event of refusal. Data collection was carried out by observing the rules of confidentiality on a form then the data were inserted into an Access database and their analysis carried out by IBM SPSS version 20. The quantitative data are presented as means with standard deviation and the qualitative data as proportions. The level of significance of the tests was set at 5%. Results: The prevalence of female hypertension was 61.8% of consultations. The means for age and body mass index were 52 ± 14.461 years and 27.35 ± 06.585 kg/m2, respectively. The main electrocardiographic abnormalities were dominated by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and sinus tachycardia in 93.6 and 46.4% of cases, respectively. On the echocardiographic level, LVH, reduced ejection fraction and relative wall thickness were found in 41.05, 37.35 and 21.91%, respectively. Left ventricular mass and ventricular geometry were abnormal in 44.4 and 37.3% of cases. Remodeling was the most common geometric abnormality with 18.2% and type II mitral flow with 90.2% the most common relaxation abnormality. Conclusion: Female hypertension is common with electrical and echocardiographic changes including LVH and new younger patients, hence the need for an intensification of preventive measures, particularly life style and dietary measures, which do not require large financial resources.

INTRODUCTION:Venous thromboembolic disease (MTEV) includes: deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This work was initiated to identify the female particularities if they exist. MATERIALS AND METHOD:This was a retrospective, descriptive study conductedin the cardiology department of the Kati university hospital over a period from January 01, 2014 to December 31, 2021. Patients hospitalized during the period for venousthromboembolic disease were included. The variables studied were demographic social data, risk factors, clinical and para-clinical parameters, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. RESULTS:In total we recorded 68 cases of MTEV of which 40 (58.8%) women. There were 12 (30%) cases of deep vein thrombosis, 25 (62.5%) cases of pulmonary embolism and their association in 3 (7.5%) cases. The majority (82.5%) of patients were housewives. Thepostpartum accounted for 10% of cases. The clinical probability according to the Wells score was high in 93% of deep vein thrombosis, intermediate for cases of pulmonary embolism with 50%. Angio-CT showed that pulmonary embolism was bilateral in 80% of cases. Heparin and anti-vitamin K were the most commonly used. Mortality was 7.5%. CONCLUSION:women are more victims of venous thromboembolic diseases than men. Postpartum is a special situation for women. Recurrences are not uncommon.

Objectives: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is the occurrence of congestive heart failure in the preceding month and five (5) months following delivery in the absence of previously known cardiovascular disease or risk factors. The aim of this work was to study its epidemiological-clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 2016 to December 2023 in the cardiology department of Kati University Hospital. Any woman admitted for heart failure between the eighth month of pregnancy and the first five months postpartum without an etiology found and a dilated cardi omyopathy found on echocardiography was included. Results: In our study, the prevalence of CMPP was 25.3%. The average age was 28.4±7.9 years. More than half of the patients were multiparous. Symptoms began mainly in the postpartum period (73%). The average treatment time was 61.8 ± 49.8 days. Dyspnea was present in all patients. The central signs were dominated by tachycardia (92.1%) and the peripheral signs by turgor of the jugular veins (77.8%). Global heart failure (77.8%) was its main mode of expression. Sinus tachycardia (80.0%) was the dominant electrical sign. Global hypokinesia, left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction were the main echocardiographic abnormalities. His treatment was for heart failure. The evolution was favorable in 96.8%. Conclusions: This is a common pathology characterized by a delay in diagnosis and a generally favorable outcome.

Objectives: To study acute surgical abdomens by describing the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study from July 2019 to June 2021 including all patients taken in the surgical unit for acute surgical abdomens. Results: In 24 months, we collected 117 cases of acute surgical abdomens, or 19.1% of surgical interventions. The mean age was 30.6 ± 16.95 years. The sex ratio was 1.78. The reason for consultation was abdominal pain (100% of cases). The stopping of materials and gases represented 10.3% of cases. Intraperitoneal collection was the most common ultrasound sign found in 47.1% of cases. Acute appendicitis was the most frequent intraoperative diagnosis in 60.7% of cases. The surgical procedure performed was appendectomy (71.8%). The average length of hospitalization was four days. Morbidity was 6.8%. We recorded two deaths. Conclusion: Acute surgical abdomens occupy an important place in surgery due to their high frequency. The care is multidisciplinary.

Bilharzial appendicitis is a very rare condition. We report the case of a young 18-year-old adolescent admitted to the department for pain in the right iliac fossa in a febrile context, evolving for 8 days with a history of terminal hematuria. After an abdominal ultrasound, the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. Treatment consisted of an appendectomy. The pathological examination revealed eggs of Schistosoma hematobium at the level of the appendicular wall. An antiparasitic treatment based on praziquantel was started. The postoperative course was simple.

Abstract The Ordovician of North and West Africa comprises three main transgressive–regressive sequences understood as ‘second-order’ cycles of 10–15 myr duration. Tide- to wave-dominated shallow-marine clastic successions, preserving incidental bryozoan carbonates to the north, include fluvial deposits over the most proximal southern stretches of the platform. The boundary with Cambrian strata remains unclear but the latter are progressively less represented to the south in the undifferentiated ‘Cambro-Ordovician’. To the north, graptolites, brachiopods and trilobites combined with palynomorphs provide a robust biostratigraphic frame. Maximum flooding intervals occurred in the early to middle Tremadocian, middle Darriwilian and middle to late Katian. Two events interfered with an overall long-term transgressive trend. The ‘intra-Arenig’ (late Floian?) tectonic event highlighted palaeohighs coinciding with Paleoproterozoic basements. Gondwanan drainage basins were reorganized, which had an impact on sediment sourcing and distribution of detrital material (e.g. zircons) feeding the pre-Variscan Europe. The second event is the end-Ordovician glaciation. The domain supported the greatest part of the Hirnantian glaciers and may also have preserved pre-Hirnantian glacial archives. It is not until the very latest Ordovician that offshore conditions developed far inland; it is however suspected that this inundation benefited from a transient postglacial isostatic flexure.

This study investigates the feasibility of implementing a 3D hydrogeological model in a vast data-scarce area in northwestern Niger where groundwater resources are strongly impacted by climate changes and anthropogenic activities (uranium mining) in northwestern Niger, West Africa. A large scale fully integrated hydrological model was built and calibrated using HydroGeoSphere. The model conceptualization and parametrization were done using various sources of datasets. The model was calibrated using a stepwise approach by increasing the temporal resolution of the model inputs: steady state, dynamic equilibrium, and transient state. The calibration results showed that the model could reproduce the measured groundwater heads with a correlation coefficient of up to 0.79. The model was then validated by comparing total water storage computed from GRACE data over the TMB and the outputs of the model. The results showed the model reproduced quite well the amplitudes and direction of the variations measured by GRACE. Therefore, GRACE data were useful in the qualitative validation of the model. The outputs of the model allowed a quantitative analysis of the groundwater resources of the Tim Mersoï Basin (TMB). The global recharge was estimated at 15.74 mm/year, i.e., an interannual average of 13.58% of the rainfall. Most importantly, this model can be used in a hierarchical model set up to provide initial and boundary conditions for local scales (mining areas for example) studies.

INTRODUCTION:The pure digestive form of COVID-19 is possible and initially considered rare. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in patients treated in general surgery, identify the circumstances of COVID-19 discoveries in surgery, describe the post-operative complications in patients operated on COVID-1919 and describe the reorganization of post-operative COVID-19 diagnosis management. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted a prospective descriptive study from March 2020 to August 2021 (18 months). All patients who have been operated on, hospitalized or consulted in the department, the Emergency Department (ERS) or other CHU-GT departments for surgical pathology with COVID-19 or infected with COVID-19 while hospitalized were included in the study. RESULTS:23 cases collected, representing 8.91% (23/258) of COVID-19 cases identified, a frequency of 1.27/month. The age group 66-75 was the most affected, the average age was 49.13 18.75 years, the predominance was male (sex ratio of 1.3). More than 34.78% were recruited at the SAU, 16 patients (69.56%) consulted in emergency, and digestive signs of COVID-19 were: Abdominal pain 20 cases (89.96%), anorexia 19 cases (82.61%), vomiting 8 cases (34.78%) and diarrhea 3 cases (13.04%). The pulmonary signs of COVID-19 were: Cough 18 cases (78.26%), chest pain 15 cases (65.22%), and dyspnea 9 cases (39.13%). Manifestations of COVID-19 were: pulmonary 9 cases, digestive 9 cases, associated 3 cases, incidental discovery 2 cases. The diagnostic mean was Thoracic CT (100%), Test-PCR 14 cases (60.86%) with a positive PCR test in 50% of cases. Surgical pathologies were surgical emergencies in 7 cases (30.43%), cancers in 6 cases (26.09%), COVID-19 digestive event (30.43%) and other 3 cases (13.04%). More than half of patients were operated on 12 cases (52.17%). The overall mortality was 60.87% and the mortality of surgical patients was 41.67%. CONCLUSION:The infectious risk of COVID-19 during hospitalization, during or after digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk for the patient and caregivers.

Ocular trauma is a set of lesions that affect the eyeball and its appendages. The lesions caused are multiple and varied, the functional prognosis of which depends on the time taken for treatment. The aim was to evaluate the management of ocular trauma at Sikasso hospital. This was a retrospective study from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. 256 cases of ocular trauma out of 3294 consultations, i.e. a frequency of 7.7%. The 16-45 age group accounted for 52.3% of cases and 68% were male. Pupils/students accounted for 28.5% of cases. The causative agent was vegetal and metallic with respectively 35.5% and 14.5%. Traumatic lesions were contusion in 58.2% of cases, followed by laceration in 15.2% and lamellar laceration in 11.3%.49.2% of our patients. Management was surgical in 18.8% of cases. Complications were: cataract (38.5%), post traumatic uveitis (14.1%) and bursting of the globe (2.3%). The sequelae accounted for 27.7% with 47.8% corneal damage followed by monocular blindness 29.6% responsible for a poor functional result of the traumatized eye. The absence of light perception (PPL) was 9.8%. Eye injuries are frequent, their reduction requires awareness and communication for behavior change.

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent permanent rhythm disorder.Theaim of this work was to determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects of atrial fibrillation cases hospitalized in the cardiology department of the University Hospital of Kati.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We carried out a descriptive retrospective study, from January 2018 to December 2019.Patients of all ages and both sexes with clinical and EKG atrial fibrillation admitted to the department during the study period were included in the study.The variables studiedwere: socio-demographic characteristics, clinical signs, classification of atrial fibrillation, and comorbidities associated.RESULTS:A total of 52 patients were included in the studyof 203 cases hospitalized in the department, with a hospital prevalence of 25.61%, the female sex was predominant 69.23%. The main reason for consultation was heart failure syndrome (46.15%).Arterial hypertension (55.76%) was the mostassociatedcomorbidity. Permanent atrial fibrillation accounted for 63.46% of cases .CONCLUSION:Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent arrhythmia in our environment, preventive measures must be put in place for early detection and better management of comorbiditiesassociatedwith atrial fibrillation.

La qualité de vie des parents ayant un enfant paralysé cérébral englobe, de manière globale, leur état de santé physique, psychologique et environnementale. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer les répercussions psychologiques et socioprofessionnelles de cette pathologie sur les parents d’enfants paralysés cérébraux. Notre étude s’est déroulée dans les services de neurologie et de pédiatrie de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen. L’étude est prospective, de type descriptif, à visée analytique d’une durée de six mois, allant du 1er avril au 30 septembre 2020. Nos variables d’études ont été quantitatives et qualitatives. Le test de corrélation de Pearson a été utilisé afin d’identifier les facteurs associés aux dimensions du PAR-QOL et les résultats ont été considérés comme significatifs si (p < 0,05). Nous avons colligé 27 enfants paralysés cérébraux avec 35 parents, dont 77,1 % de mères et 22,9 % de pères. La proportion de parents chômeurs était de 37,4 %. L’âge moyen des enfants paralysés cérébraux était de 19,4 ± 13,4 mois, avec un sexe-ratio H/F de deux. L’analyse descriptive des réponses des parents sur les 17 items du PAR-QOL montre que les mères estiment un impact sévère de la paralysie cérébrale sur leur qualité de vie émotionnelle, quotidienne (adaptatif) et générale avec un score des réponses à 3,7. Notre étude n’a pas trouvé de lien significatif entre le temps de travail et le niveau d’instruction des parents et les dimensions du PAR-QOL. La présente étude révèle que les parents d’enfants paralysés cérébraux vivent une épreuve difficile et négative sur le plan émotionnel et adaptatif et, cela, plus accentuée chez les mères. The quality of life of parents with a cerebral palsy child comprehensively encompasses their physical, psychological, and environmental health. The objective of this work was to determine the psychological and socio-professional repercussions of this pathology on the parents of children with cerebral palsy. Our study took place in the Neurology and Paediatrics departments of the Ignace Deen National Hospital. The study is prospective of a descriptive type with an analytical aim, lasting six (6) months, from April 1 to September 30, 2020. Our study variables were quantitative and qualitative. Pearson's correlation test was used to identify factors associated with the dimensions of the PAR-QOL and the results were considered significant if (P < 0.05). We collected 27 children with cerebral palsy with 35 parents, 77.1 % of whom were mothers and 22.9 % were fathers. The proportion of unemployed parents was 37.4 %. The average age of children with cerebral palsy was 19.4 ± 13.4 months, with an M/F sex ratio of 2. Descriptive analysis of the parents’ responses to the 17 items of the PAR-QOL shows that mothers estimate a severe impact of cerebral palsy on their emotional, daily (adaptive) and general quality of life with a response score of 3.7. Our study did not find a significant association between working time and parental education level and the dimensions of PAR-QOL. The present study reveals that parents of children with cerebral palsy experience a difficult and negative emotionally and adaptively, and those more pronounced among mothers.