The authors showed the case of nasal liquorrhoea as post operation complication of nasal septum. The patient had plastic operation of perforation in dura mater.

Ultrasound guided percutaneous aspiration was performed in fourteen patients with multiple brain abscesses. A bone defect in the skull served as the site of needle insertion and served to sonographically evaluate the abscesses. Antibiotic therapy was administered in all cases. Repeat drainage was required in 5 cases. There were no complications. In 10 patients complete improvement without CNS lesions was achieved. Three patients suffered from headaches and seizures for a period of 6 weeks following the aspiration. One patient with multiple otogenic abscesses died in spite of multiple efforts to drain the abscesses. Our results demonstrate sonography to be very effective for monitoring brain abscess drainage and follow-up.

Diagnostic possibilities created by ultrasound in the examination of CNS are discussed. Applications of neurosonography in relation to the diagnosis of brain and spinal cord diseases are listed. Emphasis is on ultrasound monitoring of cerebral biopsy enriching precise diagnosis of CNS.

Actual and detailed information about intracranial conditions in patients with brain pathology is the basic goal of neuroradiological diagnostics. Neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons expect from it data about the presence, location, and nature of the pathological process, and also about intracranial translocations. The most useful in this field are considered those methods which allow one to evaluate intracranial space in a noninvasive, accurate, and repeatable way. Among other methods, real-time ultrasonography gains increasing importance. This results from its high validity in characterization of tissue morphology (Enzmann et al. 1981, 1985) and noninvasiveness and also from the fact that there is no exposure to ionizing radiation during the US examination. Investigations for establishing the US patterns of different brain lesions have been performed. This paper presents the brain pathology characterization of various kinds, based on 100 US examinations.

Recent advances in real-time ultrasonography enable neurosurgical therapy in that they provide a safer and faster way of localizing brain lesions and guiding their biopsy; there is still no way of making an accurate diagnosis in many cases of intracerebral neoplasms without histological examination of the biopsy specimen. The usefulness of US scanning in the localizing and biopsying of brain lesions has been described by Collier et al. (1980), Tsutsumi et al. (1982), and Sjölander et al. (1983).

Gli autori presentano le loro esperienze sull'utilizzazione dell'ecografia intracranica (US) in una casistica di 52 pazienti affetti da tumore cerebrale. L'esame veniva effettuato attraverso una finestra ossea da craniotomia o da foro craniotomico allargato. Sono stati presi in considerazione due gruppi di malati. Nel primo l'ecografia è stata impiegata, nell'ambito del controllo post-operatorio dopo l'escissione del tumore cerebrate, alto scopo di un primo apprezzamento della sede operatoria o, più tardi, at fine di riconoscere l'eventuale recidiva del tumore. Il secondo gruppo era costituito da malati con tumori cerebrali non operabili, accertati con TC, nei quali è stato prelevato materiale per l'esame citologico con biopsia US-guidata. Sulla base dei risultati veniva scelta l'ulteriore terapia. L'ecografia ha costituito nel corso degli esami ii metodo fondamentale di apprezzamento delle condizioni intracraniche, con particolare riguardo all'individuazione del tessuto patotogico. Nei 17 malati del secondo gruppo l'US ha concesso un preciso e sicuro prelievo del materiale per l'esame citologico e una conseguente scelta dell'ulteriore trattamento medico.

In previous years many authors stressed the very rare occurrence and difficulties in establishing of early diagnosis in cases of posttraumatic haematomas in the posterior cranial caeity, among them also the intracerebellar ones. The detection rate of this condition has increased greatly after introduction of computed tomography in the diagnosis of complications following craniocerebral trauma, changing also the view on the method of its treatment. Although before the introduction of CT the prevailin view was that all intracerebellar haematomas should be treated sugically the present opinion is that some of them meeting certain criteria (small size, peripheral situation in the cerebellar hemispheres laterally to the midline, absence of symptoms of intracranial hypertension, and the possibility of frequent CT control) may be treated successively without surgical intervention with adwantage to the patient. Two cases are presented in which intracerebellar haematomas were treated conserwatively. The authors review the pertinent literature stressing the criteria which should be considered in the qualification of patients for this management.