Automotive industry is rapidly going. More and more comforts are being incorporated in a vehicle. On other hand customers have stringent demand of fuel economy, high performance at low cost. In order to have high fuel economy the automotive manufacturers are induced to reduce weight. In this project car body panel is selected as a target weight reduction component. This can be achieved either using high strength low weight material or by using low weight composite sandwich panel. Aluminum composite (Aluminum skin, polyethylene core and epoxy resin) material being light and strong, it is thought as an alternative material. By using this doubly curve sandwich panel, required stiffness can be achieved with reduced thickness and weight. More over this panel prevents the heat flux infiltration and hence improve air conditioner efficiency. Stiffness and thermal analysis of the panel was carried out using Finite Element Solution. Weight reduction 30.55% has been achieved for the same stiffness and 47.73% lesser heat infiltration has been observed than that with Aluminum panel.

Inhibition of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2), the transporter that is responsible for renal re-uptake of glucose, leads to glucosuria in animals. SGLT-mediated glucosuria provides a mechanism to shed excess plasma glucose to ameliorate diabetes-related hyperglycemia and associated complications. The current study demonstrates that the proper relationship of a 4'-substituted benzyl group to a beta-1C-phenylglucoside is important for potent and selective SGLT2 inhibition. The lead C-arylglucoside (7a) demonstrates superior metabolic stability to its O-arylglucoside counterpart ( 4) and it promotes glucosuria when administered in vivo. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The C-aryl glucoside 6 (dapagliflozin) was identified as a potent and selective hSGLT2 inhibitor which reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner by as much as 55% in hyperglycemic streptozotocin (STZ) rats. These findings, combined with a favorable ADME profile, have prompted clinical evaluation of dapagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Reduction of tetra-O-benzyl-protected 1C-phenylglucoside using triethylsilane and BF3·OEt2 has been reported (Czernecki, S.; Ville, G. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 610–612) to give exclusively 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-1C-phenyl-1-deoxyglucoside. We have determined that this reduction actually gives a 4:1 mixture of anomers (β:α). We observed that the selectivity of the reduction is influenced by the steric bulk of the silane. The use of triisopropylsilane as a reducing agent gives >35:1 ratio (β:α) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-1C-phenyl-1-deoxyglucoside.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1-(imidazol-4-ylalkyl)-1,4-benzodiazepines were found to be potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (FT). A hydrophobic substituent at the 4-position of the benzodiazepine, linked via a hydrogen bond acceptor, was important to enzyme inhibitory activity. An aryl ring at position 7 or a hydrophobic group linked to the 8-position through an amide, carbamate, or urea linkage was also important for potent inhibition. 2,3,4, 5-Tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-7-(4-pyridinyl)-4-[2-(t rifluo romethoxy)benzoyl]-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (36), with an FT IC(50) value of 24 nM, produced 85% phenotypic reversion of Ras transformed NIH 3T3 cells at 1.25 microM and had an EC(50) of 160 nM for inhibition of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar of H-Ras transformed Rat-1 cells. Selected analogues demonstrated ip antitumor activity against an ip Rat-1 tumor in mice.

A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer with a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of several liquids in two semisolid materials. The experimental setup was that of a system with one open and one closed boundary wherein the open boundary was maintained at constant concentration. While the liquid of interest was diffusing through the film of ointment, the concentration of liquid at the film surface in contact with the ATR crystal was determined at various times by means of IR absorption measurements. The depth of penetration of the IR radiation into the sample was approximately 0.6–0.9 µm at the wavelengths of analysis. Since the ointment thickness was 157 µm, it was reasonable to assume that only the penetrant reaching the lower boundary was being measured. The values of the diffusion coefficients were then calculated using an equation that appropriately modeled the aforementioned conditions. The liquids tested exhibited diffusion coefficients in anhydrous lanolin and in polyethylene glycol ointment that ranged from 0.56 to 7.2 × 10−7 and 0.68 to 5.7 × 10−7 cm2/sec, respectively. The expected molecular weight dependency was observed.

The hydrolyses of the naphthyl esters of acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic and hexanoic acids proceed at relatively slow rates in solutions near neutral pH. These hydrolysis reactions were found to be accelerated when carried out in surfactant solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide which also contained o-iodosobenzoic acid, a strong nucleophile. The reactions followed pseudo-first-ordcr kinetics and the rate constant vs surfactant concentration profiles exhibited the maxima typical of bimolecular reactions conducted in micellar solutions. It was found that there was a systematic increase in the binding constants of the esters to the micelle. However, the ratio of the maximum rate constant observed for each of the compounds to each compound's rate constant in a non-micellar solution remained almost constant.

Hydrolysis of α-naphthyl acetate proceeds at a very slow rate in solutions near neutral pH. This reaction was found to be accelerated when carried out in surfactant solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide which also contained o-iodosobenzoic acid, a strong nucleophile. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the rate constant versus surfactant concentration profile exhibited the maximum typical of bimolecular reactions conducted in micellar solutions. The calculated entropy of activation for the reaction supported a bimolecular mechanism of hydrolysis. The binding constant of α-naphthyl acetate for the micelle and the rate constant in the micellar pseudophase were determined from kinetic data using the pseudophase model. The influences of added salt concentration, solution pH and nucleophile concentration were evaluated.

Carbaryl hydrolysis was studied in micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at pH 7.5 The hydrolysis followed first-order kinetics with respect to carbaryl concentration. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) the rate of hydrolysis increased with increasing CTAB concentration. A plateau was ultimately reached, at which the rate constant was 30 times the rate constant in an equivalent solution without CTAB. Entropies of activation were calculated to prove that the reaction mechanism did not change in the micellar environment. The binding constant of the micelle for carbaryl and the rate constant in the micellar pseudophase were determined from kinetic data using the pseudophase model. To verify this binding constant, a study of the solubility of carbaryl in CTAB solutions was performed. The results were found to be in very good agreement with those from the kinetic studies.