Ångström Source Karlsruhe (ANKA), a new 2.5GeV synchrotron light source, is under construction at the Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany (FZK) [1]. This source is dedicated to the fabrication of microstructures (LIGA-technique) and X-ray analysis. It has a circumference of 110.4m and an emittance of 50nm rad can be reached. ANKA has four long (6m) and four short (2.2m) straight sections. One short section hosts the injection, two the RF cavities. One short section and the four long sections are then free for installation of insertion devices. The injector is a 53MeV microtron and a 500MeV booster synchrotron with a repetition rate of 1Hz.

ANKA, a 2.5 GeV synchrotron light source will be built within the next three years at the Research Centre Karlsruhe, Germany. This source is dedicated to the fabrication of microstructures (LIGA-technique) and X-ray analysis. With four double-DBA structures, a magnetic field of 1.5 T and a circumference of 110.4 m, an emittance of 39 nm.rad can be reached. ANKA has four long (6 m) straight sections for the installation of insertion devices. Additional four short (2.2 m) straight sections host the injection scheme, four ELETTRA-type cavities (two cavities per section) and one short insertion device. The RF power will be provided by two 250 kW klystron. The pre-acceleration will be done with a 22-50 MeV linac or microtron. As injector a 500 MeV booster synchrotron with a repetion rate of 3 to 10 Hz is foreseen. The ramping from 0.5 GeV to 2.5 GeV will be done in around one minute. Eleven out of thirty-two available bending magnet radiation ports will be equipped with beam lines in the first phase.

For the SB-Linear-Collider project (SBLC) at DESY a redesign of the damping ring has been performed, mainly in order to optimise the dynamic aperture. The lattice of the proposed damping ring has a DBA structure, similar to the 3rd generation light sources ESRF, APS and SPRING-8. The damping ring is build up with 6 superperiods. The straight sections between these periods are used for the injection, ejection and rf-cavities. In turn, each superperiod consists of 6 DBA cells. The straight sections of these cells are used for the installation of the wigglers, which are needed for the damping. With the installation of overall 150 m of wigglers (B/sub 0/=2 T and /spl lambda//sub 0/=0.2 m) the equilibrium emittances are /spl epsi//sub x,0/=6.5.10/sup -10/ m.rad and /spl epsi//sub y/,0=1.3.10/sup -11/ m.rad the corresponding normalised emittances are: /spl epsi//sub x,n/=3.8.10/sup -6/ m.rad and /spl epsi//sub y,0/=7.6.10/sup -8/ m.rad. The damping time results in /spl tau//sub y//spl les/3.4 ms. The dynamic acceptance including misalignment and magnet errors is in the range of A/sub x//spl les/72 mm.mrad and A/sub y//spl les/80 mm.mrad.

Fabrication of microstructures by X-ray deep lithography (XRDL), galvanoforming, and plastic molding (German acronym LIGA) has made its way from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe to many labs throughout the world. The acronym ANKA stems from Angstrom and Karlsruhe to indicate the main spectral range and the location. ANKA is designed to satisfy the needs of XRDL as well as of X-ray analysis, in particular, of microstructures. Industrial demand of service in both fields will play a major role for ANKA. The main design parameters of the storage ring are an electron energy of 2.5 GeV, magnetic field of 1.5 T, and an ensuing characteristic wavelength of 0.2 nm. The lattice has fourfold symmetry with four dispersion-free straight sections, each about 4 m long. The optics is a double DBA structure with four 22.50 bending magnets per cell resulting in a compact medium-emittance design with a circumference of 97.2 m and an emittance in the range of 40 to 80 nmrad. Four 500 MHz RF cavities are placed one in the middle of each cell. In this way, only one straight section is needed for injection leaving three for optional insertion devices. Electron current will be 200 mA in a first phase. Lifetime will exceed 17 h. Dynamic aperture is large enough to insert wigglers and wavelength shifters and to double the current when upgrading the RF system. 14 out of 32 available bending magnet radiation ports will be equipped with beamlines in the first phase.

A modified multiple bend achromat (MBA) optics as a lattice for low emittance storage rings is presented. The novel feature of this lattice is the use of horizontally defocussing bending magnets with different bending angles to keep the radiation integrals low. It is shown that a storage ring with such a lattice can have a low emittance at a relatively compact size. An application of the MBA structure for a 3 GeV diffraction limited storage ring is presented and discussed.

The pure insertion device (PID) lattice is a novel concept for a sinchrotron light source, where all possible light ports are irradiated by insertion devices. Up to 40% of the ring circumference is available for insertion devices. The lattice has been obtained by giving up the constraint of zero dispersion in the straight sections. However, for many SR experiments, the resulting reduction in brilliance is not of importance. An application of the PID structure for a 3 GeV storage ring is presented and discussed. With 202 m of circumference and an emittance of 14 nm.rad, it has 24 straight sections of over 3m each. Tracking studies show excellent dynamic properties of the lattice.

ROSY I is a planned synchrotron radiation light source with a number of straight sections for wigglers and undulators for photon energies in the range from 1 keV to 20 keV. This paper describes the design principles of the fully distributed architecture of the ROSY control system, pointing out the extensive use of de-facto standards for both hardware and software such as UNIX, X11/Motif, VMEbus etc. Particular attention is given to the implementation of the man-machine-interface, the design of the distributed online database, the homogeneous communication architecture and the integration of data processing and feedback in the realtime environment of the process layer

A modified quadruple bend achromat (QBA) optics as a lattice for a low emittance storage ring is presented. The novel feature of this lattice is the use of horizontally defocusing bending magnets with different bending angles to keep the radiation integrals low. A realistic storage ring with six achromats, non-dispersive straight sections of 4.6 m each and a total circumference of 124.8 m is studied. At an energy of 2.5 GeV the emittance yields only 20π nm rad. The chromaticities and the sextupole strengths are moderate, the dynamic aperture is large and the momentum acceptance is more than ± 9% relative. A similar 3 GeV storage ring with 12 achromats and a circumference of 300 m yields an emittance of 3π nm rad. Possible applications and extensions of the QBA structure for diffraction limited storage rings are discussed.

The pure insertion device (ND) lattice is a novel concept for a sinchrotron light source, in which all possible light ports are irradiated by insertion devices. Up to 40% of the ring is available for insertion devices, A low emittance optics for a 3 GeV light source with a PID lattice is presented. With 24 straight sections of 3m each it has a circumference of 202m and an emittance of 15 nm.rad. Tracking studies show excellent dynamic properties of the lattice. I. INTRODUCTION Third generation synchrotron radiation storage rings are characterized by an optics which minimizes the emittance in order to obtain a high brilliance. However, there are many experiments, where only the total photon flux integrated over the angular acceptance of the beamline is important, as long as the beam spot size is smaller than the sample size. Most common X-ray beamlines, which use only mirrors for focussing, don't reduce the spot size below 1 mm2 because of manufactoring tolerances. Those experiments would still profit from the high fluxes provided by insertion devices, but they are usually placed at bending magnet ports, because the number of insertion devices is limited. The idea of having one insertion device per bending magnet port was first realized by the SuperACO storage ring (I). The conventional Double-Bend-Achromat (DBA) structure was designed such that there is additional space for a short insertion device in the dispersive section. In this paper we present the pure insertion device (PJD) lattice which estends this idea by abandoning the constraint of dispersion- free sections completely. Thus there is no need for achromatic arcs. The storage ring is composed of an arbitrary number of simple unit cells containing only one bending magnet accompanied by two quadrupoles on each side. The insertion devices are placed between neighbouring unit cells. The expense of having dispersion also in the straight sections does not affect the aforementioned type of experiments. The big advantage is that now up to 40% of the ring circumference can be used for insertion devices, In addition, by allowing dispersion in the straight sections, the emittance can be reduced more than in the case of the DBA thus partially compensating the increase of the brilliance due to the dispersion. The concept of allowing dispersion in the straight sections between double bend achromats in order to reduce the emittance is being investigated at the ESRF (2). II. THE PURE INSERTION DEVICE

The theoretical minimum emittance (TME) for a storage ring is given if both the horizontal betatron and the disper- sion function have a minimum in the middle oft the bend- ing magnet and furthermore meet special values. In most of the storage rings the emittance is a factor 2 to 5 higher as the TME-value. The TME can be reached with a new type of lattice composed of combined function bending magnets and a quadrupole doublet at each side following by a drift space of 2 to 3 m: DRIFT / Q(d) / Q(f) / BENDING / Q(f) /Q(d) / DRIFT. With a 20 degree bending magnet it is possi- ble to reach an emittance down to 9 nmrad at 3 GeV (which is only 14 % higher as the TME-value). With a circumfer- ence of 250m and 18 unit cells (20 degree bending magnet) it is possible to use up to 50 % of the circumference for the installation of insertion devices. With a 10 degree bending magnet (3GeV) it is possible to reach an emittance of 1.5 nmrad .