Neptunian dykes and sills in Jurassic carbonate platform strata of the Betic region of Spain occupy spaces created by wholly mechanical fracturing and displacement of the host strata, and later filled by pelagic sediments from above or by precipitation of calcite from circulating solutions. In some places, joint-bounded blocks of platform carbonates have been wholly removed, possibly by sliding down submarine slopes, leaving a staircase topography, commonly Fe-encrusted, that was subsequently filled by pelagic sediments. Other cavities that formed during Cretaceous times were developed by dissolution and current erosion in moderately deep submarine environments, and then filled by pelagic sediments from above.None of the cavities hosted by either platform or pelagic strata contain evidence for their formation by dissolution in a subaerial environment. The Jurassic and Cretaceous history of subsidence of the Betic margins is thus simpler than in versions requiring repeated emergence to form subaerial karstic cavities.

Early Cretaceous sandstones, shales and marlstones (Chukh, Tangbe and Muding Formations, at least 625 m thick) crop out north of the Main Central Thrust in central Nepal. They were strongly deformed during Himalayan collision, with telescoping of facies transitions as a result of crustal shortening. The sediments show northerly palaeoflow and were deposited on the steadily subsiding northern (Tethyan) margin of Gondwana. Berriasian deltaic deposits pass upward into Valanginian-Albian, storm-dominated shelf deposits and into latest Albian pelagic slope carbonates. An unconformity, probably of Valanginian age, separates the Chukh and Tangbe formations locally, and is overlain by volcanic conglomerates.The Gondwanan margin succession matches well with that observed on the formerly conjugate margin of NW Australia, which separated from Greater India during the Valanginian to Hauterivian. Volcanic detritus, where suitable for analysis, shows within-plate geochemical affinity and reflects Gondwanan fragmentation. Abundant volcanic detritus in Aptian strata may have been derived from extensions of the Rajmahal Traps of northeast India. However, volcanism was active near central Nepal in the Valanginian and volcanic detritus, possibly far travelled, reached the area during the Berriasian. Early Cretaceous stratal successions and relative sea-level changes show a first-order relationship to tectonism associated with Gondwanan break-up.

ABSTRACTNeptunian dykes and sills of Middle Jurassic pelagic limestone within Lower Jurassic shallow‐water carbonate host rocks occur at many localities in the Southern Alps of Italy and Switzerland, especially on what were the upper slopes of tilted half‐grabens created during the Early Jurassic rifting stage of a passive margin that faced the Middle and Late Jurassic Tethyan Ocean. The host rocks were dilated by cracking, folding, and brecciation during movements of shallow‐based gravity‐driven slides and slumps of semibrittle platform strata, commonly along décollement contacts between layers of different competence. In most places, the network of cavities in the dilated strata connected to the sea floor, and pelagic sediments trickled from above into the open spaces. In other places, the brittle strata were overlain by somewhat impermeable sediments that formed a partial seal. Sudden dilation of the brittle beds resulted in forceful injection of the overlying weakly consolidated or plastic sediments into open spaces. The filling in both open and closed systems was commonly episodic, resulting in complex internal‐sediment stratigraphy and cross‐cutting dykes. Stable isotopic data on internal sediments and early‐formed cement lie within the field of normal sea water, and none of the sedimentological or stable isotopic data supports a subaerial, dissolution (karst) origin for the Jurassic neptunian dykes of this region.

The Thakkhola region of central Nepal contains at least 1.5 km of coastal to neritic and (upper) slope deposits of Late Triassic to mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) age. New paleomagnetic, paleobiogeographic and paleoflow data confirm that the strata were deposited on the northern Gondwana margin, bordering Tethys while Thakkhola lay at mid-latitudes (28–41° S). Late Triassic coastal deposits are overlain by Early-Mid Jurassic shelf units; thick Early Jurassic carbonates correspond with the most northerly paleolatitude recorded, probably reflecting Thakkhola's rapid drift into the subtropics. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous drift again in higher latitudes resulted in deposition of terrigenous clastics. A hiatus spanning late Early Callovian through Early Oxfordian time corresponds to a global transgression that may reflect accelerated sea-floor spreading in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Late Jurassic dark shales, correlative with the regionally extensive Spiti Shale, are deep shelf to slope deposits; septal strength indices for cephalopods suggest depths > 250 m. The shales contain an Indo-SW Pacific ammonite assemblage but also a diversified agglutinated foraminiferal assemblage of Boreal affinity. Such deep-water foraminiferal assemblages probably had a large cosmopolitan component. The shale is intensely deformed and its overmature condition probably reflects in part Cenozoic orogenic events. Lower Cretaceous (Berrisian through Aptian) deltaic deposits overlying the shales contain volcanoclastic material that probably was derived from coeval volcanics of the Lesser Himalayas to the south, based on compositional, paleoflow and facies analysis. Volcanism reflects the onset of sea-floor spreading between Greater India and northwestern Australia in Late Valanginian time. At the top of the Thakkhola Mesozoic sequence are hemipelagic, slope, carbonates of latest Albian age. The Thakkhola succession generally correlates well with that observed on a formerly contiguous continental margin, offshore northwestern Australia.

During ODP Leg 103, serpentinized peridotite (clinopyroxene-spinel harzburgite) was cored within the basement approximatively at the boundary between the North Atlantic oceanic curst to the west, and the thinned continental crust of the Galicia passive margin (Spain) to the east. The exposure of mantle derived peridotite on the seafloor occurred at the end of the period of rifting, roughly 110 Ma ago. Ductile shear zones observed in the cored peridotite are consistent with movements along a deep low-angle, normal fault rooted within the upper mantle and dipping eastward, beneath the Galicia margin. To explain the tectonic denudation of the mantle at the ocean-continent boundary, we use a non-uniform stretching model for the lithosphere, set up from the Wernicke's model (1985).

Deep sea drilling off the east coast of North America provided valuable information on the development of the continental rise in a region that has been influenced by the deposition of both continentally derived and pelagic sediments. Site 603 is interpreted to overlie Jurassic oceanic crustal basement. Based upon the oldest sediment recovered, Site 603 was only influenced by pelagic sedimentation during the late Berriasian to Valanginian, with terrigenous sediment not appearing until the late Valanginian to Aptian. The first evidence of clastic sedimentation is the development of a large turbidite system during a time when deltas were being built on the shelf. From the Hauterivian through the Late Cretaceous, black shale turbidites were intermittently deposited at this site. The maximum abundance of the carbonaceous clay stone occurs interbedded with red and green claystone, and some silt and sand turbidites, in the Aptian-Albian interval. Sea level rose during the Albian, and as a consequence redeposition of terrigenous sediment waned, then ceased. The site then dropped below the calcite compensation depth. Less extensive terrigenous turbidite deposits are found associated with multicolored noncalcareous claystone that represents pelagic sedimentation during the Late Cretaceous. A turbidite containing dark green spherules of montmorillonite, and anomalously high concentrations of Ni, Co, and As, is interpreted to represent exotic sediment that was reworked from the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary sediment, based on its sedimentological and geochemical similarities to a biostratigraphically dated K/T boundary lamina cored at DSDP Hole 390B on the Blake Plateau. Late Paleocene to early middle Eocene pelagic claystone is disconformably overlain by middle Miocene hemipelagic claystone. Turbiditic silts and clays accumulated at this site, followed by the development of the lower continental rise hills of the Hatteras Outer Ridge. This constructional feature formed from muddy contourites deposited from the Western Boundary Undercurrent. Terrigenous turbidites ponded landward of Site 603 and formed the adjacent continental rise terrace.

La campaña oceanográfica 103 del Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) ha estado dedicada a dilucidar la evolución tectónica y sedimentación del Margen Atlántico-Ibérico. Se realizaron un total de 14 sondeos., en cinco puntos de posicionamiento, sobre el extremo más profundo del margen; al S del Banco de Galicia. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que previamente al inicio de la expansión oceánica entre Terranova e Iberia ocurrió una historia compleja de distensión cortical, fracturación y subsidencia asociadas. Los resultados fundamentales son los siguientes: 1) Carbonatos de plataforma marina somera, de edad Jurásico superior-Cretáceo basal constituyen los primeros depósitos mesozóicos en ese ámbito del margen y dan lugar a un reflector sísmico considerado interiormente como basamento, 2) El hundimiento de la plataforma, fallamiento y basculamiento de los bloques ocurre desde 25 m.a. antes de iniciarse la acreción oceánica. 3) En el límite entre corteza oceánica-corteza continental se ubica una cresta constituida por peridotitas serpetinizadas. 4) El reflector sísmico «S», generalmente considerado como el límite dúctil-frágil en la corteza continental, corresponde realmente a la base de los depósitos sinrift.

Research Article| June 01, 1985 DSDP Site 603: First deep (>1000-m) penetration of the continental rise along the passive margin of eastern North America Jan E. Van Hinte; Jan E. Van Hinte 1Co-Chief Scientist, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sherwood W. Wise, Jr.; Sherwood W. Wise, Jr. 2Co-Chief Scientist, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brian N. M. Biart; Brian N. M. Biart 3Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Mitchener Covington; J. Mitchener Covington 4Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dean A. Dunn; Dean A. Dunn 5University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39401 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Janet A. Haggerty; Janet A. Haggerty 6University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark W. Johns; Mark W. Johns 7Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Philip A. Meyers; Philip A. Meyers 8University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Michel R. Moullade; Michel R. Moullade 9Université de Nice, 06034 Nice Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jay P. Muza; Jay P. Muza 10Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James G. Ogg; James G. Ogg 11University of California, San Diego, California 92093 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Makoto Okamura; Makoto Okamura 12Kochi University, Kochi City, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Massimo Sarti; Massimo Sarti 13Universita di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ulrich von Rad Ulrich von Rad 14Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover 51, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (1985) 13 (6): 392–396. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<392:DSFDMP>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Jan E. Van Hinte, Sherwood W. Wise, Brian N. M. Biart, J. Mitchener Covington, Dean A. Dunn, Janet A. Haggerty, Mark W. Johns, Philip A. Meyers, Michel R. Moullade, Jay P. Muza, James G. Ogg, Makoto Okamura, Massimo Sarti, Ulrich von Rad; DSDP Site 603: First deep (>1000-m) penetration of the continental rise along the passive margin of eastern North America. Geology 1985;; 13 (6): 392–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<392:DSFDMP>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Drilling at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 603 has provided the first deep (>1000-m) penetration of strata beneath the continental rise off the Atlantic margin of North America. Nearly continuously cored through 1585 m of section down to Berriasian pelagic limestones, the site 435 km (270 mi) east of Cape Hatteras intersected an extensive Lower Cretaceous deep-sea fan complex, which provides new information on the petroleum potential of the continental rise. Hauterivian to early Aptian in age, this 208-m interval of interbedded limestones, sand, and black shale turbidites begs the existence of any post-Valanginian reefs along the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Less extensive terrigenous turbidites were encountered higher in the section up to the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, which is marked by a current-laminated sand rich in dark spherules. Pelagic early Paleogene clays are disconformably overlain by Miocene pelagic mud. Turbiditic silts and clays began to accumulate rapidly at this site during the middle Miocene, leading to deposition of muddy contourites that formed the Lower Continental Rise Hills of the Hatteras Outer Ridge as sand turbidites were ponded concurrently on its landward side. The section at Site 603 confirms the concept that eustatic and other large-scale events subdivide Earth history into distinct chapters allowing the correlation of deep-sea seismic sequence boundaries with continental shelf and margin unconformities. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Research Article| June 01, 1985 Deep-sea drilling on the upper continental rise off New Jersey, DSDP Sites 604 and 605 Jan E. Van Hinte; Jan E. Van Hinte 1Co-Chief Scientist, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sherwood W. Wise, Jr.; Sherwood W. Wise, Jr. 2Co-Chief Scientist, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brian N. M. Biart; Brian N. M. Biart 3Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Mitchener Covington; J. Mitchener Covington 4Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Dean A. Dunn; Dean A. Dunn 5University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39401 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Janet A. Haggerty; Janet A. Haggerty 6University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark W. Johns; Mark W. Johns 7Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Philip A. Meyers; Philip A. Meyers 8University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Michel R. Moullade; Michel R. Moullade 9Université de Nice, 06034 Nice Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jay P. Muza; Jay P. Muza 10Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James G. Ogg; James G. Ogg 11University of California, San Diego, California 92093 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Makoto Okamura; Makoto Okamura 12Kochi University, Kochi City, Japan Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Massimo Sarti; Massimo Sarti 13Universita di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ulrich von Rad Ulrich von Rad 14Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover 51, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jan E. Van Hinte 1Co-Chief Scientist, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands Sherwood W. Wise, Jr. 2Co-Chief Scientist, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Brian N. M. Biart 3Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA United Kingdom J. Mitchener Covington 4Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Dean A. Dunn 5University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39401 Janet A. Haggerty 6University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104 Mark W. Johns 7Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Philip A. Meyers 8University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Michel R. Moullade 9Université de Nice, 06034 Nice Cedex, France Jay P. Muza 10Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 James G. Ogg 11University of California, San Diego, California 92093 Makoto Okamura 12Kochi University, Kochi City, Japan Massimo Sarti 13Universita di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Ulrich von Rad 14Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover 51, Federal Republic of Germany Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1985) 13 (6): 397–400. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<397:DDOTUC>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Jan E. Van Hinte, Sherwood W. Wise, Brian N. M. Biart, J. Mitchener Covington, Dean A. Dunn, Janet A. Haggerty, Mark W. Johns, Philip A. Meyers, Michel R. Moullade, Jay P. Muza, James G. Ogg, Makoto Okamura, Massimo Sarti, Ulrich von Rad; Deep-sea drilling on the upper continental rise off New Jersey, DSDP Sites 604 and 605. Geology 1985;; 13 (6): 397–400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<397:DDOTUC>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 604 and 60S on the upper continental rise are the first of a series of cored holes along the "New Jersey transect" which, when completed, will provide the first comprehensive dipwise suite of drill holes across a passive margin from the coastal plain to the abyssal plain. Our drilling results document the age of important seismic sequence boundaries and allow their correlation with wells on the continental shelf and slope as well as with the regional oceanic seismic stratigraphy.Hole 605,156 km (97 mi) southeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey, and drilled 816.7 m down to mid-Maestrichtian limestones, penetrated a near-complete Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary section overlain by a 200-m expanded Paleocene sequence. Unusually high amounts of terrigenous silts and glauconite are present at the boundary and immediately above. Among the several hypotheses discussed, we suggest that the terrigenous silts and glauconite may represent a high-energy event such as a tsunami caused by a Cretaceous/Tertiary impact.Site 604, 5 km (3 mi) seaward of Site 605, was terminated in upper Miocene glauconitic sands and debris flows at 294.5 m by unstable hole conditions. These sediments contain shelf-derived gravels and exotic blocks of Eocene chalk (up to 50 cm across) eroded from bedrock that is today widely exposed on the adjacent slope. Our drilling results show that denudation of the Eocene units was not limited to the Oligocene Au erosional event, but that major loss occurred during late Miocene and later glacial sea-level lowstands. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.