Purpose To quantify anterior-segment remodelling and pupillary behaviour in unilateral Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of anterior-segment metrics. Methods Single-centre, retrospective, paired-eye study of 42 patients with unilateral FUS was conducted. Each patient's FUS eye was compared with the contralateral clinically healthy eye. Anterior-segment parameters (K1, K2, Kmax, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle (ICA)) were obtained with a Scheimpflug system. Static pupillometry recorded pupil diameter under scotopic (0.04 lx), mesopic (4 lx), and photopic (40 lx) conditions. The discriminative performance of parameters was assessed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results FUS eyes showed a wider ICA and deeper ACD (p < 0.001, for each). K2 and Kmax were steeper in FUS (both p < 0.001). On pupillometry, the photopic pupil was larger in FUS (p = 0.001), whereas scotopic and mesopic diameters were comparable (p = 0.78 and 0.64, respectively). The mesopic to photopic constriction amplitude was reduced in FUS (p = 0.002); the scotopic to photopic amplitude was borderline (p = 0.061), and scotopic to mesopic was not different (p = 0.739) between eyes. In ROC analysis, ACD discriminated FUS from fellow eyes with an AUC of 0.747 (95% CI, 0.638-0.846); the cutoff was 3.05 mm, with a sensitivity of 0.67 and a specificity of 0.79. Conclusions Unilateral FUS exhibits a coherent structural-functional signature: wider angles and deeper ACD, axis-selective anterior steepening, and attenuated photopic constriction with a larger photopic pupil. Combining Scheimpflug anterior-segment metrics with standardized pupillometry provides practical, adjunctive markers that may strengthen diagnostic confidence and sharpen hypotheses on FUS pathophysiology.

To evaluate the anatomical, functional, and aesthetic outcomes of phenylephrine-guided bilateral Müller muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) using a standardized resection algorithm designed to optimize eyelid symmetry by preoperatively accounting for Hering’s phenomenon in patients with mild-to-moderate ptosis This retrospective clinical study included patients with good levator function and a positive phenylephrine test who underwent simultaneous bilateral MMCR planned according to a phenylephrine-based resection algorithm. The protocol aimed to simulate postoperative eyelid position and unmask contralateral ptosis related to Hering’s law, thereby enabling individualized bilateral surgical planning in a single session. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), margin reflex distance1 (MRD-1) and upper eyelid symmetry were evaluated at postoperative months 1 and 3 A total of 118 eyes from 59 patients (31 females, 28 males) were included. The mean preoperative MRD-1 was 1.24 ± 0.95 mm in the right eye and 1.32 ± 0.84 mm in the left eye. At postoperative month 3, the mean MRD-1 increased to 2.68 ± 0.91 and 2.61 ± 0.78, respectively. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative MRD-1 values demonstrated demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in both eyes at months 1 and 3 (p < 0.001 for each eye). Postoperative MRD-1 outcomes were not significantly different when stratified by the magnitude of the preoperative phenylephrine response (p = 0.32 for right eye, p = 0.06 for left eye). Excellent eyelid symmetry was achieved in 44 patients (74.6

To assess the outcomes of revision ptosis surgeries performed using a surgical technique different from the initial procedure—either Müller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) or external levator surgery (ELS) based on the phenylephrine-induced change in margin reflex distance-1 (MRD-1). This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of 780 patients who underwent MMCR or ELS for ptosis between January 2019 and December 2023. Revision surgery was required in 108 patients (15

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a compression dressing on postoperative pain, ocular surface changes, edema, ecchymosis, and aesthetic outcomes following upper eyelid blepharoplasty. This observer-blinded, randomized, controlled trial included 112 eyelids from 56 patients who underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty between June and August 2025. After surgery, one eyelid received a compression dressing (CD), while the other eyelid received no dressing (ND). Edema and ecchymosis were graded by masked observers on postoperative days 1, 7, 30, and 90. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale, and patient comfort was assessed by side preference. On postoperative day 1, ecchymosis scores were significantly lower in the CD group than in the ND group (unadjusted p = 0.002; Holm-adjusted p = 0.012). Edema scores were also lower on the CD side (unadjusted p = 0.012) and aesthetic scores were higher (unadjusted p = 0.046); however, neither difference remained statistically significant after Holm–Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (adjusted p = 0.060 and p = 0.138, respectively). No significant differences were observed in any parameter on postoperative days 7, 30, or 90 (all adjusted p > 0.05). Corneal staining scores were comparable between groups at all follow-ups, and no corneal erosions were observed. Pain scores on day 1 were similar (p = 0.977). Compression dressing after upper eyelid blepharoplasty was associated with a significant reduction in early postoperative ecchymosis, an effect that persisted after correction for multiple comparisons. Reductions in edema and improvements in aesthetic scores were observed on postoperative day 1 but did not remain statistically significant after adjustment. Overall, the benefits of compression dressing were limited in magnitude and transient, and routine use may not be necessary; its application should be individualized according to patient needs. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07701265 (retrospectively registered on July 8, 2026).

Purpose To evaluate the clinical efficacy of probing with or without bicanalicular intubation (BCI) for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children at least 3 years of age and to identify factors influencing surgical success. Methods The medical records of children treated between 2014 and 2024 at Health Sciences University Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent probing with or without bicanalicular silicone intubation (BCI) using the square knot technique. Surgical success was defined as resolution of symptoms and a normal fluorescein dye disappearance test. Results A total of 95 children (116 eyes) were included. Mean patient age was 4.57 ± 1.98 years (range, 3-14). Mean follow-up was 15.5 ± 15.4 months. BCI was performed initially in 102 eyes. Mean tube retention was 66.8 ± 43.0 days. Overall success was 87%, increasing to 95% after reprobing and BCI in failed cases. Age, sex, obstruction type, canalicular stenosis, Rosenmüller’s valve hypertrophy, and inferior turbinate infracture were not significantly associated with success (P > 0.05). Tube retention for 45-90 days was significantly associated with higher success compared with retention <45 days (P = 0.013; OR = 12.75; 95% CI, 1.72-94.48). Conclusions In our study cohort of children undergoing surgery for CNLDO at 3 years of age and older, probing and BCI achieved high success, especially if the tube was successfully retained for at least 45 days. Reintubation in failed cases can improve outcomes.

Objectives:To evaluate the surgical outcomes of blepharoptosis in patients with no light perception (NLP) who used prostheses and to assess eyelid symmetry and functional improvement following appropriate surgical management. Methods:This retrospective study included 15 patients with prosthesis-related ptosis treated between 2020 and 2024. Demographic characteristics, prosthesis type and duration of use, type of ptosis, preoperative levator function, and surgical technique were recorded. Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD-1) was measured preoperatively and at postoperative 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, using standardized digital photographs. Eyelid symmetry, complications, and need for revision surgery were evaluated. Repeated measurements were analyzed using the Friedman test with Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc comparisons. Results:The mean age was 40.13±17.41 years (range 15-70 years); 10 patients were female and 5 were male. The mean preoperative levator function was 11.80±3.52. Regarding the underlying causes of eye loss/prosthesis use, 9 (60.0%) were due to trauma, 1 (6.7%) was due to infection, 2 (13.3%) were due to glaucoma, and 3 (20.0%) were due to other causes. 12 patients had evisceration, and 3 patients used a prosthesis over a phthisis bulbi eye. 13 patients underwent Müller Muscle-Conjunctival Resection (MMCR) and 2 patients underwent levator surgery. MRD-1 increased significantly from 1.20±0.94 mm preoperatively to 3.27±0.70 mm at 6 months. Further analysis to determine the source of the difference revealed statistically significant differences between preoperative MRD-1 and postoperative MRD1 at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The Friedman test showed a significant improvement over time (p<0.001). Technique comparisons were exploratory due to the small levator subgroup. No significant difference was found between the duration of eye prosthesis use and preoperative MRD-1 (p=0.761). Conclusion:MRD-1 improved from 1.20±0.94 mm preoperatively to 3.27±0.70 mm at 6 months, and eyelid symmetry (≤1 mm) was achieved in 86.6% of patients, demonstrating that ptosis of the upper eyelid in ocular prosthesis patients can be effectively corrected with appropriately selected surgical techniques based on levator function.

Objectives: To compare the iris vessel density results before and after rectus plication, a vessel-sparing procedure, and resection/recession surgery using a non-invasive method, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study was held in Beyoglu Eye Research and Training Hospital. Ten patients were included in the study after excluding patients with systemic or ocular diseases, nystagmus or fixation loss. The anterior segment module of the OCT-A was utilized, and the eye-tracking feature was disabled to obtain the highest image quality. OCT-A imaging was performed one day before or on the day of the surgery and within three days after surgery. Results: Ten patients (8 females) were included in the study. Five had esotropia, meanwhile 5 had exotropia. Two patients received muscle plication in one eye, and the other three received one rectus plication and antagonist recession on the same eye. Preoperative and postoperative images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively with device software and ImageJ. The vessel density near the plicated rectus decreased less after surgery. The mean preoperative and postoperative vessel densities were 53.68% and 49.62% in the plication group (p>0.05). However, they were 60.19% preoperatively and 54.26% postoperatively in the resection/recession group (p=0.043). Conclusion: In this study, OCT-A was utilized for the first time to evaluate the qualitative and objective quantitative changes in iris vessel density after rectus plication and recession/resection surgeries. The quantitative comparisons demonstrated that the iris vessel density decreased less after vessel-sparing surgery. Iris OCT-A shows promise for evaluating changes in iris vessel density.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the relationship between phacoparameters and inflammation parameters (anterior chamber flare (ACF), macular and peripapillary choroidal vascular index (mCVI and pCVI)) changes after cataract surgery. STUDY DESIGN:Prospective study METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients without systemic and ocular diseases who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery that may have affected intraocular inflammation. Preoperative, postoperative 1st week, 1st, 3rd and 6th months ACF were measured. At the same visits, mCVI and pCVI were calculated. The relationship between phacoparameters and postoperative ACF, mCVI and pCVI values were evaluated by correlation analysis. RESULTS:Fifty eyes of 50 patients were included in the study. Postoperative 1st week ACF was significantly higher than preoperative ACF (p<0.001). ACF decreased significantly from postoperative 1st week to 6th months. Postoperative 1st month and 3rd month mCVI were significantly higher than preoperative mCVI (p<0.001, p=0.04, respectively). It was observed that pCVI reached its peak value in the 1st postoperative week and decreased to base value in the postoperative 6th month. A strong positive linear correlation was found between total cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and the difference between postoperative 1st week and preoperative ACF (p<0.001, r=0.68). CONCLUSION:Particularly in the early period after phacoemulsification, ACF, mCVI and pCVI increased. The increase in ACF lost its significance at the third month and the increase in mCVI and pCVI remained significant, which may indicate that the inflammatory effect of cataract surgery lasts longer in the posterior segment. Total CDE can be used to predict postoperative inflammation levels.

Aim: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is one of the most common causes of sudden, painless vision loss in individuals over the age of 50 and represents the second most frequent optic neuropathy after glaucoma. Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate refractive errors in individuals diagnosed with unilateral and bilateral NAION and to compare these parameters with those of healthy individuals, thereby elucidating the association between hyperopia, and the disease. Method: This retrospective study included 52 patients diagnosed with NAION at our neuro-ophthalmology department between January and December 2024. Spherical equivalent (SE) values obtained by autorefractometry were classified as emmetropic (−0.50 to +0.50 D), myopic (< −0.50 D), or hyperopic (≥ +0.50 D). Refractive error distributions and mean SE values were compared among three groups: bilateral NAION (12 patients, 24 eyes), unilateral AION (40 patients, 40 eyes), and healthy controls (40 individuals, 40 eyes). Results: In the control group, refractive error distribution was 32.5% emmetropic, 22.5% myopic, and 45.0% hyperopic, while in the bilateral NAION group, 66.7% were hyperopic, 25.0% emmetropic, and 8.3% myopic; whereas in the unilateral NAION group, 45.0% were hyperopic, 27.5% emmetropic, and 27.5% myopic. Mean SE values were +1.12 ± 1.44 D (range, −1.12 to +4.00) for the bilateral NAION group, +0.18 ± 1.14 D (range, −2.12 to +3.00) for the unilateral NAION group, and +0.19 ± 0.99 D (range, −2.25 to +1.87) for controls. Differences among groups were statistically significant (p = 0.003). Post hoc analysis demonstrated significantly greater hyperopia in the bilateral NAION group compared with both the unilateral NAION and control groups. No significant difference was observed between the unilateral NAION and control groups. Conclusion: Patients with bilateral NAION demonstrated significantly higher levels of hyperopia compared with those with unilateral NAION and healthy controls. These findings suggest that hyperopia may represent a potential risk marker for bilateral NAION. Careful follow-up of hyperopic patients with unilateral NAION may be warranted to enable early detection and management of contralateral-eye involvement.

PURPOSE:To compare the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG) and the Nidek AL-Scan (Nidek Co) optical biometry devices in intraocular lens (IOL) calculation and refractive error prediction in cases with uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS:In this study, axial length (AL), flat (K1), and steep (K2) axis, and the average (K-avg) keratometry values measured with the Lenstar LS 900 and the Nidek AL-Scan in patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and the mean absolute error (MAE) of both devices were compared. RESULTS:One hundred five eyes of 105 patients were examined. AL was measured shorter with the Lenstar LS 900 than with the Nidek AL-Scan, and K1, K2, and K-avg were measured steeper (P < .001 for all). Although there was no proportional bias in the AL, K1, and K-avg measurements of the Lenstar LS 900 and the Nidek AL-Scan devices (P = .83, .96, and .41 respectively), there was a proportional bias in the K2 measurements (P < .001, R2 = 0.128). MAE was significantly higher in the Lenstar LS 900 (0.74 ± 0.6 D) than in the Nidek AL-Scan (0.64 ± 0.60 D) (P < .001). The percentage of eyes with a prediction error within the range of ±0.50 D was significantly higher with the Nidek AL-Scan (61%) than with the Lenstar LS 900 (49.5%) (P = .008). CONCLUSIONS:The Nidek AL-Scan produced more predictable outcomes than the Lenstar LS 900 in selecting IOL power. Despite the clinical similarity between AL, K1, and K-avg readings, there may be notable differences in choosing the IOL power between these two devices. [J Refract Surg. 2025;41(3):e257-e263.].

PURPOSE:To assess the long-term effects on visual outcomes and corneal aberrations of irrigating the interface during the small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery for managing myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS:In 47 patients who underwent bilateral SMILE surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism, one eye was irrigated with 1.0 ml of balanced salt solution via cannula (Group 1) and the other eye was not irrigated (Group 2). Visual and refractive outcomes of 94 eyes were analyzed on the first day, first week, first month, sixth month, and first year. Preoperative and postoperative corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) obtained from Sirius corneal tomography (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy) were evaluated in both groups. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used for interface evaluation on the first postoperative day. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS:Preoperative spherical, cylindrical, and spherical equivalent values were similar in both groups ( P values: 0.913, 0.796, and 0.876, respectively). Statistically significant increases in mean HOAs and coma values were observed in both groups during the postoperative follow-up periods compared to the preoperative period (each P value <0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups concerning visual acuity, refractive values, and corneal aberrations throughout all postoperative follow-up periods (each P value >0.05). Epithelial inoculation developed in one eye in the irrigated group, and diffuse lamellar keratitis developed in one eye in the non-irrigated group. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that the visual, refractive, and wavefront aberration outcomes, both in the short and long term, were comparable between cases with and without interface irrigation following lenticule removal from the stromal pocket in SMILE surgery.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of medial rectus recession combined with modified posterior fixation surgery (bridge faden) in esotropia associated with poor vision in the deviating eye. METHODS:In this retrospective study, the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent medial rectus recession combined with the bridge faden procedure for esotropia with poor vision in the deviating eye from April 2016 to May 2023 were assessed. The demographic characteristics of the patients and near and distance deviations were determined using the prism cover or the Krimsky test preoperatively and at follow-up of 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. Orthophoria or ±10Δ deviation in postoperative near and distance deviations were considered surgical successes. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:A total of 57 patients (34 males) were included. Mean patient age was 19 ± 12 years; mean follow-up, 27 ± 33 months. Near deviations improved from a mean of 33 ± 8Δ preoperatively to 4 ± 7Δ at 1 year (P < 0.05), and distance deviations improved from a mean of 27 ± 10Δ preoperatively to 3 ± 7Δ at 1 year (P < 0.05). The surgical success rate at final follow-up was 86%. CONCLUSIONS:In our cohort of patients with sensory esotropia associated with poor vision in the deviating eye, our procedure provided long-term improvement in near and distance deviation.

A 42-year-old woman presented with bilateral proptosis, chemosis, leg pain, and vision loss. Orbital, chorioretinal, and multi-organ involvement of Erdheim-Chester disease, a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis, with a negative BRAF mutation was diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Interferon-alpha-2a (IFNα-2a) was started, and her clinical condition improved. However, 4 months later, she had vision loss with a history of IFNα-2a cessation. The same therapy was administered, and her clinical condition improved. The Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare chronic histiocytic proliferative disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach and can be fatal if left untreated because of multisystemic involvements.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the changes in peripapillary microvascularity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and optic disc drusen (ODD) patients, by comparing them with those in healthy individuals, via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).METHODS:Sixty-two eyes of 33 patients with ODD, 58 eyes of 30 patients with IIH, and 70 eyes of 70 healthy people were imaged for 6 × 6-mm optic disc scans on a spectral-domain OCTA. Vascular densities in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) of ODD, IIH, and healthy eyes were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. Post-hoc analysis was performed with the Gabriel test.RESULTS:There was a significant decrease in peripapillary vessel density in SCP, DCP, and CC in patients with IIH compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In ODD patients, especially peripapillary vessel density in DCP was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Peripapillary vessel density in DCP was significantly lower in the IIH group than ODD group (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Peripapillary vascular density may be affected during the course of the disease in both IIH and ODD. Compared to healthy individuals, the decrease in vascular density in these patients and the consequent decrease in perfusion in the peripapillary region may guide the pathogenesis of the complications in the course of these two diseases. Although vascular density in DCP and CC differs significantly between IIH and ODD, case-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the role of OCTA in the differential diagnosis of IHH and ODD.

Purpose: To investigate the association of clinical findings and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) score with inflammatory markers derived from complete blood count (CBC) parameters in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) to determine the diagnostic and predictive role. Methods: Demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, ocular findings, optical coherence tomography findings, ICGA scores and best corrected visual acuity were recorded in treatment-naive VKH patients at presentation. Patients were divided into two groups as acute stage and chronic recurrent stage. CBC parameters were noted in patients at presentation and healthy controls (HC, n = 25). Neutrophil-lymphocyte-platelet-monocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were recorded. The association between these markers and clinical severity were evaluated. Results: Thirty-two patients with VKH (23 females/9 males) with a mean age of 34.1 +/- 14.6 years were included in the study. There was an increase in neutrophil count, NLR and SII in patients with VKH compared to HC (p < 0.001). The cut-off values for these three parameters were 4.37, 2.24 and 562.35, respectively. Twenty-six patients presented in the acute stage and six patients presented in the chronic recurrent stage. Choroidal thickness, early stromal hyperfluorescence and total ICGA scores were higher in patients presenting in the acute stage (p < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.025, respectively). Patients with higher disease severity at presentation were treated earlier. Early stromal vessel hyperfluorescence and choroidal vasculitis scores were correlated with decreased lymphocyte count, increased NLR, PLR and SII (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CBC-derived inflammatory parameters indicate that VKH is a systemic inflammation. These parameters can be used in the diagnosis and determination of disease severity of VKH.

Background: To evaluate the results of corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) implantation in keratoconus. Methods: The medical records of patients with keratoconus who underwent CAIRS implantation were reviewed. The CAIRS, prepared by trephination from the donor cornea, was implanted into a tunnel created using the femtosecond laser. The depth of the tunnel was 200 mu; the inner diameter of the tunnel was 4.5 mm; and the outer diameter was 7 mm. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry, minimum corneal thickness (CT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and high order aberration values were recorded preoperatively and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postoperatively. Results: A total of 23 eyes of 23 patients were included in the study. Preoperative UCVA (0.08 +/- 0.01) and BCVA (0.25 +/- 0. 11) values improved postoperatively and reached 0.40 +/- 0.05 and 0.68 +/- 0.09, respectively, at the end of the 6-month follow-up period (p(1) < 0.001, p(2) = 0.016; respectively). A statistically significant flattening of all keratometric values was observed in the postoperative period compared to preoperatively (p < 0.001 for all). There were no statistical differences between CT and ECC values at the preoperative and postoperative visits (p(1) = 0.654, p(2) = 0.769; respectively). In addition, coma aberration values were lower than the preoperative values at all postoperative visits (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: These results suggest that CAIRS implantation is a safe treatment option with good visual and keratometric outcomes for suitable patients with keratoconus.

Objectives:The objectives of the study were to evaluate the vascular and stromal structure of the choroid in patients with inactive thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) by measuring choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal thickness (CT) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:The choroidal image was taken with EDI mode spectral domain (SD)-OCT. All scans were taken between 9.30 am and 11.30 am to avoid the diurnal variation of CT and CVI. To calculate CVI, macular SD-OCT scans were binarized using the publicly available software ImageJ and luminal area and total choroidal area (TCA) were measured. CVI was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA. Furthermore, the relation between CVI and axial length, gender, and age was evaluated.Results:This study included 78 individuals with a mean age of 51.4±7.3 years. Group 1 consisted of 44 patients with inactive stage TAO, and Group 2 consisted of 34 healthy controls. Subfoveal CT was 338.92±73.93 µm in Group 1 and 303.97±40.35 µm in Group 2 (p=0.174). The CVI significantly differed between the two groups, which was higher in group 1 (p=0.000).Conclusion:Although CT was not different between groups, CVI which is the indicator of the vascular status of the choroid, was higher in patients with TAO in the inactive stage compared with healthy control subjects.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:In myopic eyes, the optic disc may become tilted and rotated, making glaucoma diagnosis more difficult. BACKGROUND:To determine the presence of tilted optic disc, the degree of optic disc rotation, and their effects on the angular location of superotemporal and inferotemporal retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) peaks in healthy myopic Caucasians. METHODS:Non-glaucomatous healthy myopic Caucasian eyes with an axial length > 24 mm were evaluated. ImageJ was used to quantify optic disc tilt and torsion on red-free fundus photography. The RNFL was scanned using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The angle of the superotemporal and inferotemporal peaks with the vertical-horizontal meridian was measured. RESULTS:Fifty-four eyes of 54 individuals were evaluated. The axial length was correlated with the angular location for both the superotemporal (r = -0.549, p < 0.001) and inferotemporal (r = -0.415, p = 0.002) RNFL peaks; they were placed more temporally in eyes with higher axial lengths. For each 1 mm increase in axial length, the angle between the superotemporal peak and the temporal horizontal meridian decreased by 3.976°, and the angle between the inferotemporal apex and the temporal horizontal meridian decreased by 3.028°. The angle between the inferotemporal peak and the temporal horizontal meridian decreased by 0.231° for each 1° increase in optical disc torsion (R2 = 0.09 Regression coefficient = -0.231, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS:The temporal shift of superior and inferior peaks, the thickening of temporal and nasal RNFL, the presence of tilted optic disc, and optic disc rotation may cause misinterpretation of the RNFL in myopic Caucasians. When evaluating peripapillary RNFL thickness in myopic individuals, it would be better to consider these to avoid misinterpretation.

Background: To compare the changes in anterior chamber laser flare after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation according to phaco parameters in eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome.Methods: Patients (39 without pseudoexfoliation (PEX), 28 with pseudoexfoliation) who underwent the surgery with the same device (Centurion System, Alcon Laboratories, USA) and same experienced surgeon were divided according to the presence of PEX. Anterior chamber laser flare was assessed using a laser flare meter (KowaFM700, Kowa Company, Japan) by the same blinded researcher.Results: Total CDE, total U/S time, total torsional amplitude on time, average longitudinal power, average longitudinal power (FP3), equivalent average ultrasonic power (FP3) were higher in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (p<0.05 for each). The linear regression model suggested that presence of pseudoexfoliation and total CDE had a positive-correlation with the difference between postoperative day 1 and preoperative anterior chamber laser flare. There were significant differences in preoperative anterior chamber laser flare and those measured on postoperative days 1 and 30 between two groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: Early-postoperative anterior chamber laser flare is affected by the phaco parameters and there is a positive correlation between intraoperative phaco parameters and anterior chamber laser flare. Anterior chamber laser flare was significantly higher in eyes with pseudoexfoliation both pre-and postoperatively. Patients with pseudoexfoliation especially with high intraoperative total CDE should be followed carefully for early postoperative inflammation.