Introduction: Cardiac axis is altered in many physiological and pathological states. Hence its measurement is important. Position and movements of diaphragm determine the position of heart because the pericardium is firmly attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm. Effect of change in body posture and breathing on cardiac axis has not been well documented. The changes in cardiac axis during deep breathing are greater in aged patients. Aim: To study the effect of deep breathing on cardiac axis of young normal subjects in various postures. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on 45 normal healthy volunteers. After 10 min of supine rest, with the help of INCO RMS Vesta 101 electrocardiograph, ECG was recorded in leads I and aVF during eupnea, after maximum inspiration and after maximum expiration. The measurement was repeated in sitting and standing postures. The cardiac axis was calculated from Einthoven triangle. Data was analysed using ANOVA and inter-group was analysed using post-hoc test. Results: Maximum inspiration produced a significant (p<0.001) increase in cardiac axis as compared to eupnea, in supine, sitting and standing postures. Maximum expiration produced a significant decrease in cardiac axis as compared to eupnea only in sitting (p=0.05) and standing postures (p=0.01). Conclusion: Cardiac axis varies with posture as well as breathing. Maximum inspiration produces significant increase in cardiac axis whereas maximum expiration produces an insignificant decrease.

Background: Even after 115 years after the invention of Riva-Rocci Sphygmomanometer, the technique which shows the maximal accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement remains elusive. Currently, non-invasive BP (NIBP) recording is commonly done worldwide. Yet, intra-arterial pressure (IAP) recording gives a beat to beat accurate recording of one’s BP. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study are as follows: (1) To compare NIBP with IAP in various age groups and (2) to study the influence of age in the accuracy of NIBP recording. Materials and Methods: A total of 98 patients aged 30–75 years posted for a coronary angiogram (CAG) were recruited for the study and divided into 3 groups based on age (Group I 30–45, Group II 46–60, and Group III 61–75). Two sets of NIBP and corresponding IAP (radial and aortic arterial pressures) were recorded during CAG. Paired t-test to compare the NIBP with corresponding IAP and ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni to check the influence of age with the accuracy of recording were done. Results: NIBP differed significantly with the corresponding IAP when analyzed by paired t-test (P < 0.0001). Multiple comparisons between three age groups and the pressure difference by ANOVA were done. Age Groups I and III (30–45 years and 61–75 years) both systolic NIBPI versus radial artery pressure (P = 0.013) as well as diastolic NIBP II versus arterial blood pressure (ABP) (P = 0.053) pressure comparison were widely different. Age Groups II (46–60 years) and III (61–70 years) varied in the diastolic NIBPII versus ABP comparison with P = 0.050. The results thus indicate that there is discrepancy of manual BP versus IAP with an increasing trend with the advancement of age. Conclusion: Thus, the results indicate that there is a discrepancy of NIBP versus IAP with NIBP showing higher values which widens with advancing age. [Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 8(3.000): 436-440]

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that yoga may have a positive impact on lung function and quality of life (QoL) and hence the present prospective two-arm single-blinded controlled study evaluated effect of adjuvant yoga therapy on pulmonary function and QoL of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Material and methods:In this interdisciplinary collaborative work, 72 COPD patients were recruited after obtaining informed consent and randomized to yoga group (22 M and 14 F) who received adjuvant yoga therapyin addition to standard medical management and control group (20 M and 16 F) who received only medical management. Yoga therapy protocol validated by CYTER was used and this included loosening exercises, postures (asanas), vitalising breathing techniques (pranayama) and relaxation. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVCwere measured using standard computerized pulmonary function test ‘Trueflow (ndd)’ before and after study period of 4 weeks. Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to asses QoL. Changes in pulmonary function parameters were correlated with QoL (symptoms, activity, impacts and quality) scores. Intra-group comparisons were done using Student’s paired ‘t’ test and intergroup comparisons using unpaired ‘t’ test. Results:There was significant improvement (p < 0.01) in body weight, BMI, FVC and FEV1 after four weeks of adjuvant yoga therapy while controls showedsignificant decline in all parameters. There were improvements in all QoL scores, namely symptoms score (p<0.001) and activity score (p<0.05), impacts score (p<0.01) and quality score (p<0.001)in yoga group while no significant changes in controls.Significant correlation was found between pulmonary function and QoL in Yoga group. Discussion:Significant improvements of lung function with adjuvant yoga therapy can be attributed to comprehensive yoga therapy package administered to participants. This may be due to with decreased airway resistance and better lung compliance attributed to nonspecific broncho-protective or broncho-relaxing effect. Significant improvement in QoL scores implies patients were able to participate in more activities than earlier, and this can be attributed to improved vital capacity as well as enhanced self-confidence /self-reliance. Our results are consistent with previous such studies and we conclude that yoga has a positive and additive role as an adjuvant therapy along with standard medical management of COPD.

Background: Numerous studies have reported long and short term effects of Yoga training on reaction time (RT), but few have evaluated differential effects of training in asana and pranayama. Hence the present study was done to elucidate effects of such differential training on RT in health professions students attending Yoga training. Materials: 134 healthy young adults studying BSc Nursing at KGNC were recruited for the study and informed consent obtained from them. 89 from 1st year were randomly divided into two groups and 44 of them received one week of training in asana while 45 received parallel training in pranayama. 45 control subjects were recruited from 2nd year that didn't receive Yoga training but were coming to CYTER for clinical posting. Auditory and visual RT (ART and VRT) were measured before and after the one week study period and appropriate statistical methods applied for intra and inter group comparisons. Results: Both asana and pranayama training resulted in significant (p<0.001) shortening of ART and VRT, while ART was significantly (p<0.05) prolonged in controls with no significant change in VRT. Intergroup comparisons revealed that these changes were more pronounced following pranayama training especially with regard to VRT. Discussion: The present study provides evidence that even a short term, one week training in asana and pranayama can shorten RT in novices and that this is more pronounced in case of pranayama training. These changes may be attributed to enhanced central processing ability resulting from better sense of perception, sensitivity, alertness and awareness occurring as a result of Yoga practice. As pranayama practice tends to be more introspectional (with eyes closed), this may have more pronounced effects than asana where awareness is more externalized in novices. It is also plausible that the conscious alterations of respiratory patterns may influence ascending pathways resulting in more pronounced changes after pranayama. It is suggested that Yoga training of even a short duration can enhance central processing ability and that such training especially in pranayama may be utilized to enhance learning capabilities in students of health professions education.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga on the mental health status of elderly women inmates residing in a hospice in Puducherry.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty elderly women were randomly divided into yoga and wait-listed control group. A yoga therapy program of 60 min was given twice a week for 12 weeks. This protocol was specially designed for senior citizens, keeping in mind their health status and physical limitations that included simple warm-up and breath-body movement coordination practices (jathis and kriyas), static stretching postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayamas), and relaxation. Hamilton anxiety scale for measuring anxiety, Hamilton rating scale for depression, and Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure self-esteem were administered to both groups before and after the 12-week study period. Data were assessed for normality, and appropriate parametric and nonparametric statistical methods were applied for intra- and inter-group comparisons.RESULTS:Overall, intra- and inter-group comparison of prepost data showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) differences for all three parameters. There was an overall improvement in the scores indicating decreased levels of depression and anxiety coupled with an increase in the level of self-esteem after the yoga therapy program.DISCUSSION:The influence of yoga in the reduction of depression and anxiety scores and improvement in self-esteem scores in elderly women subjects is evident from this study. As reported in earlier studies, this may be attributed to changes in central neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid coupled with increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympatho-adrenal activity.CONCLUSION:It is recommended that yoga should be a part of health-care facilities for elderly as it can enhance the quality of life by improving their overall mental health status. It could provide a healthy and positive alternative from depressing negative thoughts, and give them a sense of purpose and hope.

INTRODUCTIONRespiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) is the differential change of Heart Rate (HR) in response to inspiration and expiration. This is a noninvasive sensitive index of parasympathetic cardiac control.AIMTo evaluate changes in RSA by utilizing a simple and cost-effective analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) tracings obtained during performance of four pranayama techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODSFifty two trained volunteers performed the following pranayamas with different ratios for inspiration and expiration: sukha (1:1), traditional (1:2), pranava (1:3) and savitri (2:1:2:1) and ECG was recorded while performing the techniques with rest period of 5 minutes in-between. HR was calculated and maximum HR during inspiration (Imax), minimum HR during expiration (Emin), differences between Imax and Emin (Δ), percentage differences between I(max) and Emin (Δ%) and expiration: inspiration ratio (E:I) calculated by respective formulae. Statistical analysis was carried out using repeated measures of ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.RESULTSThere were significant differences between groups in all five aspects namely: p= 0.0093 for mean Imax, p = 0.0009 for mean Emin, and p < 0.0001 for Δ HR (I-E), Δ% HR (I-E) and E:I ratio. Pranava pranayama produced the greatest changes in all five comparisons.CONCLUSIONWe suggest that further short and long term studies be undertaken with pranava pranayama in patients to further qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate inherent mechanisms of this simple technique. Addition of these cost-effective techniques to the medical armory will help patients of rhythm disorders and other cardiovascular conditions.

Background: Yoga is becoming popular worldwide and many studies and systematic reviews are being published with scientific evidence of its health promoting abilities and therapeutic potential in various psychosomatic conditions.Aims and objective: This short review paper takes a bird's eye view of some health promoting benefits of yoga with regard to different systems as understood by modern medical physiology.Possible mechanisms for such physiological, biochemical and psychological effects are elucidated with references.Conclusion: Though most of the research studies and systematic reviews give evidence of in enhancing physiological functions of virtually every system, more exhaustive and rigorous studies are still advocated required to establish these positive benefits in conclusive terms.It is important to not forget the qualitative aspects of such benefits in our quest for quantitative findings when dealing with mind-body therapies and lifestyle modifications that have preventive, promotive, rehabilitative and curative potential as an adjunct therapy.

INTRODUCTION Health care economics restricts many health centers from using hi-tech diagnostics equipment. Mercury manometers are used for calibration of pressure transducers. If standardized it would be a cost effective, simple alternative to transducers in low economic settings. AIM To analyse the feasibility of mercury manometer usage in respiratory pressure measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental study was conducted with 30 healthy volunteers of age group 17-19 yrs. They were recruited by using simple random sampling method. The volunteers were made familiarized to lab environment, instrument and techniques of maximum inspiratory (Pimax) and expiratory pressures (Pemax). Then parameters were recorded using mercury manometer connected to different syringes as mouth piece (2.5 ml, 10 ml, and 20 ml) and with sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was done by using IBM SPSS statistics version 21. RESULTS The Pimax was 111.07 ± 6.53 with a 2.5 ml syringe as mouth piece. With 20 ml syringe it was 61.47 ± 9.98. PEmax with 2.5 ml syringe was 70.33 ± 8.19 with a confidence limit of 2.93 and with sphygmomanometer was 99.33 ± 8.16 with a confidence limit of 2.92. There was a change in recorded pressure and the correlation analysis result showed a significant difference from both above and below 10 ml mouth piece range. CONCLUSION Mercury manometers could be used for recording respiratory pressures in low economic facilities once standardized. Size of syringe to be used as mouth piece needs further more works although this study finds 10 ml syringe as suitable.

Background: In the Indian subcontinent, 118 million people are with hypertension, and this figure is anticipated to double by 2025. Yoga has been widely claimed to play a role in the prevention and management of psychosomatic, stress-induced, and lifestyle disorders such as hypertension. Aims and Objective: To study the effect of 12 weeks of yoga therapy as a lifestyle intervention on cardiac autonomic functions in patients of essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: Subjects with hypertension from the Medicine Outpatient Department of the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research were randomized into control and yoga groups. The control group was treated only with the allopathic medicines. The yoga group was given 12 weeks of yoga therapy module designed by JIPMER Institute Advanced Center for Yoga Therapy Education and Research along with the routine medical treatment. The participants’ blood pressure and cardiac autonomic function were recorded before and after the 12 weeks of the study period. Result: No significant change was observed in the body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, and waist–hip ratio (WHR) in both the control and yoga groups at the end of the 12 week-study period. There was a significant decrease in the resting systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP), rate pressure product (RPP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the yoga group. In contrast, there was no significant change in the SP, DP, RPP, and MAP of the control group. High frequency (HF) power, total spectral power, and HF normalized units (nu) showed a significant increase in the yoga group. Low frequency (LF) power, HF power, and LF (nu) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the yoga group at the end of the 12-week yoga therapy. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of yoga therapy reduced both the SP and DP in the yoga group. Furthermore, yoga therapy increased the heart rate variability and vagal tone and decreased the sympathetic tone in the subjects with hypertension. At the same time, it increased both the parasympathetic and sympathetic reactivity.

Background: Hypertension is one of the psychosomatic disorders prevalent throughout the world. It needs not only medical management but also lifestyle modification as it is the major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Yoga is one such tool that can be used in the management of hypertension. To measure the effect of yoga, various scientific communities have frequently used heart rate variability by spectral analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of yoga by Poincare plot analysis of heart rate variability. Aims and Objective: To study the effect of 12-week yoga therapy on heart rate variability by Poincare plot analysis in patients with essential hypertension. Materials and Methods: Patients satisfying the study criteria from the Medicine Outpatient Department of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India, were included in the study after obtaining a written informed consent. Seventy patients were randomly divided into two groups: control and yoga. Yoga group received supervised yoga training (3 days in a week for 12 weeks) in addition to routine medical care. Resting cardiovascular parameters, heart rate variability by Poincare plot analysis was recorded in both the groups before and after the study period. Data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical test. p-Value of

High blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity. Considering the growing evidence of nonpharmacological interventions in the management of high BP, we designed a randomized, parallel active-controlled study on the effect of yoga and standard lifestyle modification (LSM) on BP and heart rate in individuals with prehypertension (systolic BP 120–139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg). Volunteers (20–60 years) of both genders without any known cardiovascular disease were randomized into either LSM group (n=92) or LSM+yoga group (n=92). Before the intervention, age, waist circumference, physical activity, BP and fasting plasma glucose and lipids were comparable between the groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, we observed a significant reduction in the BP and heart rate in both the groups. Further, the reduction in systolic BP was significantly more in LSM+yoga group (6 mm Hg) as compared with LSM group (4 mm Hg). In addition, 13 prehypertensives became normotensives in LSM+yoga group and four in LSM group. The results indicate efficacy of nonpharmacological intervention and the additional benefit of yoga to standard LSM. Further research in this field may add to the level of evidence on the benefit of yoga, in the reduction of BP in high BP subjects, in the scientific literature.

Background: Hypertension, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounts for 57% and 24% of deaths due to stroke and coronary artery disease, respectively. Even blood pressure (BP) in prehypertension category (systolic BP 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg) hold 3 times more risk for CVD than normal BP (systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg). We sought to compare the markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in age and body mass index (BMI) matched prehypertensive and normotensive subjects, and to evaluate the association of prehypertension BP status with markers of inflammation and insulin resistance. Methods: A total of 572 participants in the age group 20-60 years of both gender without any known CVD from the community were recruited (Aug 2010 to Dec 2011). After considering the BP, inclusion and exclusion criteria and written informed consent, a total of 186 participants were grouped into prehypertensives (n=104) and normotensives (n = 82). We have measured basal physiological parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and markers of inflammation, such as, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Results: Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance were significantly elevated in prehypertensive subjects as compared to that of age and BMI matched normotensive subjects. Cardiovascular risk factors significantly reduced the association of BP with insulin resistance, but not with inflammatory markers. Regression analysis revealed the better relationship between inflammatory markers (CRP and TNFα) and prehypertension BP status. Conclusion: Although, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers were elevated in prehypertensive subjects as compared to age and BMI matched normotensive subjects, the inflammatory markers alone significantly associated with BP status, independent of cardiovascular risk factor.

BACKGROUND:Though neurological benefits of yoga training have been reported, lacunae still exists in understanding neurophysiological effects of such training. Hence, the present study was conducted to find the effect of yogasanas and pranayams on neurological and neuromuscular functions in healthy human volunteers and also determined differential effects of training in asan, pranayama and their combination.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighty male trainees from Pondicherry Police Training School were randomly divided into asan, pranayama, and asan-pranayama groups who received a training of 4 days a week for 6 months and a control group. Electroencephalogram (EEG), nerve conduction (NC), electromyogram (EMG), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and auditory reaction time (ART) were recorded before and after the study period. NC, EMG, and VEP data were obtained from 28 subjects; EEG data from 48 subjects; and RT from 67 subjects. Intergroup differences were assessed by AVOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and intragroup differences by Student's t-test.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:Police trainees showed beneficial effects of yoga training, although they were undergoing intensive police training and the yoga training was relatively less intense. Alpha, theta, and total power of EEG increased as a result of asan training. A shortening of visual reaction time and a decrease in red-green discriminatory reaction time signifies an improved and faster processing of visual input. They also showed a decrease in resting EMG voltage, signifying better muscular relaxation following pranayama training. Beta, theta and total power of EEG increased. ART and red-green discriminatory reaction times decreased in the trainees, signifying a more alert state as well as improved central neural processing. A combination of asan and pranayama training for 6 months produced an improvement in motor and sensory nerve conduction. Total power of EEG, alpha and theta power as well as delta % increased, while reaction time decreased signifying an alert and yet relaxed state of the neuromuscular system.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:The present study has shown that 6 months training in asan, pranayama as well as their combination is effective in improving physiological functions of police trainees. They showed beneficial effects of yoga training, although they were undergoing intensive police training and the yoga training was relatively less intense. Hence, we recommend that yoga training be introduced in police training curricula.

Context: Perceived stress is higher for students in various healthcare courses. Previous studies have shown that pranayama practice is beneficial for combating stress and improve cardiovascular functions but both fast and slow pranayama practice produce different physiological responses. Aim: Present study was conducted to compare the effects of commonly practiced slow and fast pranayama on perceived stress and cardiovascular functions in young health-care students. Materials and Methods: Present study was carried out in Departments of Physiology and Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research, JIPMER, Pondicherry. Ninety subjects (age 18-25 years) were randomized to fast pranayama (Group 1), slow pranayama (Group 2) and control group (Group 3). Group 1 subjects practiced Kapalabhati, Bhastrika and Kukkuriya Pranayama while Group 2 subjects practiced Nadishodhana, Savitri and Pranav Paranayama. Supervised pranayama training was given for 30 min, 3 times a week for the duration of 12 weeks to Groups 1 and 2 subjects by certified yoga trainer. Following parameters were recorded at the baseline and after 12 weeks of training; perceived stress scale (PSS), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), and double product (Do P). Results: There was a significant decrease in PSS scores in both Group 1 and Group 2 subjects but percentage decrease was comparable in these groups. Significant decrease in HR, DBP, RPP, and Do P was seen in only Group 2 subjects. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both types of pranayama practice are beneficial in reducing PSS in the healthy subjects but beneficial effect on cardiovascular parameters occurred only after practicing slow pranayama.

Objective: To compare the work load on heart by slow and fast suryanamaskar. Background: Suryanamaskar, an integral component of yoga is an excellent practice that stretches and tones the whole body. Various schools of yoga differ in the practice of suryanamaskar (SN). Some schools advocate performance in a slow manner in tune with slow breathing, while others advocate a rapid method of performing multiple rounds in a fast manner similar to physical exercise. It has been suggested that SN at different speeds provides different benefits. In the present study, we planned to determine the immediate effect of slow and fast suryanamaskar on heart rate and blood pressure of normal young volunteers. Method: Thirty healthy school children were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each. Group I underwent training in fast suryanamaskar while group II were given training in slow suryanamaskar. Blood pressure and heart rate were determined before and immediately after the practice of suryanamaskar in both the groups. Result: Fast suryanamaskar produced a significant increase in systolic pressure, pulse pressure and rate pressure product. On the other hand, slow suryanamaskar produced a significant decrease in diastolic pressure but there was no significant change in systolic pressure or rate-pressure product. Thus it was evident that the cardiovascular response to suryanamaskar depends on the manner in which it is performed. Slow suryanamaskar is non-taxing to the heart and hence can be prescribed to hypertensive patients and for rehabilitation of cardiac patients. Conclusion: It is recommended that slow suryanamaskar may be used as a lifestyle component for school children and also for subjects with pre and stage I hypertension and mild degree cardiac patients undergoing rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND:Hypertension, one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is known to be associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced cardiovagal modulation. Similar to hypertension, prehypertension is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. We planned this study to find the association between prehypertension, cardiovagal modulation, oxidative stress, and associated CV risk factors.METHODS:We recruited 178 subjects through hypertension screening camps conducted in Puducherry, India. Subjects were grouped into prehypertensive (n = 97) and normotensive (n = 81) groups. They were further subdivided, based on age, as young (20-39 years) and middle-aged (40-60 years) adults. We measured basal physiological parameters, heart rate variability, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), and CV risk factors.RESULTS:We found significant increase in oxidative stress in prehypertensive subjects of both age groups but the cardiovagal modulation decreased significantly in young prehypertensive subjects when compared with normotensive subjects. Correlation of TAC with root mean square of the sum of successive R wave to R wave (RR) interval differences (RMSSD), a cardiovagal modulation parameter (r = 0. 437; P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = -0.318; P < 0.001) was significant even after adjusting for CV risk factors. The correlation between MAP and RMSSD (r = 0.199; P = 0.009) was reduced after adjusting for CV risk factors.CONCLUSIONS:Prehypertension in young adults is associated with increased oxidative stress and altered cardiovagal modulation. The risk factors for CVDs in prehypertensive young adults were found to be equivalent to that of middle-aged adults who are in the twilight zone for developing CV dysfunctions.

Background The worldwide burden of diabetes in 2030 is projected around 552 million. Diabetes leads to higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Altered cardiac autonomic function (CAF) measured by heart rate variability (HRV) is observed in early stages of diabetes but the relationship between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and HRV is still debatable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between CAF, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammatory response in IFG subjects. Subjects and Methods Cross-sectional blinded study. Volunteers recruited from health awareness camps underwent CAF and biochemical tests. Based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) participants (n = 123) were divided into two groups, normal fasting glucose (n = 76) and IFG (n = 47). The comparison of parameters between the groups was carried out using student t test and Mann-Whitney U test for parametric and non-parametric data respectively. The correlation between the parameters was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation using SPSS 13.0. Results The resting cardiovagal modulation parameters, heart rate response to forced timed breathing, and orthostatic stress were reduced in IFG subjects. Fasting plasma lipid profile, coronary atherogenic lipid risk factors, IR, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), high sensitive C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were increased and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was decreased significantly in IFG group but no significant alteration was observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Cardiovagal modulation parameters were negatively correlated with triglycerides, FPG, insulin, IR, TBARS, and inflammatory markers and positively with TAC. Conclusion There is a continuous interplay between the altered CAF, hyperinsulinemia, IR, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory response, and IFG in which one factor perpetuates another leading to the progression of disease.