Background Myofunctional therapy has shown promise in addressing sleep-disordered breathing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of myofascial exercise and voluntary breathing techniques in reducing the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) among adolescents. Methodology In this randomized controlled study, adolescents aged 13-18 with sleep-disordered breathing were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n=40 per group): myofascial exercise, voluntary breathing techniques, and a standard care control group. Baseline assessments, including the AHI and sleep quality, were conducted before the interventions. A polysomnography (PSG) sleep study was performed in a sleep laboratory, with recordings conducted over six to eight hours during the night to calculate the AHI. The myofascial exercise and voluntary breathing technique groups received their respective interventions, while the control group received standard care. Post-intervention assessments were conducted to measure changes in AHI and other outcomes. Results The study found no significant differences in age, BMI, and gender among the three groups. However, significant differences were observed in AHI and sleep quality measures. The control group's AHI was 8.72 ± 1.78, whereas the myofascial exercise group (4.82 ± 1.42) and the voluntary breathing group (6.81 ± 1.83) exhibited more substantial reductions (p < 0.001). Similarly, while baseline sleep quality scores did not differ, significant improvements were observed in all groups post-intervention, with more substantial enhancements in the myofascial exercise (4.38 ± 1.19) and voluntary breathing (7.23 ± 1.76) groups. The analysis of baseline AHI categories revealed no significant differences, but at follow-up, significant variations emerged among the groups, indicating greater reductions in AHI categories in the myofascial exercise and voluntary breathing groups compared to the control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that incorporating myofascial exercises or voluntary breathing techniques into treatment plans for adolescents with sleep-disordered breathing can result in significant improvements in AHI and overall sleep quality.

Background Sleep apnea syndrome has gained significant recognition over the last decade as a potential cause of substantial childhood morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI), Respiratory Distress Index (RDI), and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) among adolescents with sleep apnea syndrome. Objectives The objective of this study is to compare the impact of Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama with routine treatment modalities on the AHI, RDI, and ODI among adolescents with sleep apnea syndrome. Specifically, the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama in improving AHI, RDI, and ODI in this population. Methods This study was an interventional case-control study and enrolled 34 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years who were diagnosed with sleep apnea syndrome. The participants were divided into two groups: the Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama group (n=17) and the control group (n=17). Baseline assessments included the collection of demographic information, medical history, and polysomnography results to determine the AHI, RDI, and ODI. Follow-up assessments were conducted post-intervention to measure changes in the AHI, RDI, and ODI. Results There were no significant differences between groups in terms of age (p = 0.176) or gender distribution (p = 0.300). After the intervention period, participants in the Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama group showed significant improvements in the Apnea Hypopnea Index compared to the standard care group (p = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences in the Respiratory Distress Index (p = 0.547) or Oxygen Desaturation Index (p = 0.304) between the groups post-intervention. Subgroup analysis based on severity categories (Mild, Normal) for the Apnea Hypopnea Index showed a significant difference between the Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama and standard care groups (p = 0.037). However, there were no significant differences in the Respiratory Distress Index (p = 0.300) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (p = 0.169) between the groups in this subgroup. Conclusion These findings suggest that Nadi Shuddhi Pranayama may improve the Apnea Hypopnea Index in adolescents with sleep apnea, particularly in those with mild symptoms, but did not significantly affect the Respiratory Distress Index or Oxygen Desaturation Index.

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic illnesses, is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Plant-mediated green nanomaterial production is becoming increasingly popular due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. The study’s goal is to manufacture Costus spicatus with AgNPs, characterize them by different analytical methods like UV-visible, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDX spectroscopy, and conduct additional in vitro and in vivo experiments, different biomarkers SGOT, SGPT, and ALP were used;. In results UV‒visible analysis confirmed the successful bio-reduction of silver nanoparticles as Cs-AgNPs, its confirmed at 448 nm, indicated that SPR phenomenon, inFT-IR analysis peaks noticed at 619 cm⁻¹ and 453 cm⁻¹, it indicates C–Br and C–Cl bonding vibrations. In SEM analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles AgNPs were crystalline, spherical, and clustered, with sizes ranged 10 to 25 nm. In TEM analysis showed that homogeneous polycrystalline shapes 0.295 in size, XRD confirmed crystalline nature of AgNPs; at (311), (220), (200), and (111). In EDX the dominance of AgNPs observed (66.75

Background: Pranayama or breath technique is considered as an important component of yoga, which influence wide range of physiological and psychological functions. Practice of Kaphalabhati (KB) and Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP) are known breathing techniques to influence the autonomic functions. The sequential practice of KB and NSP has not been assessed. In this Context, we assessed the immediate effect of combined practice of KB and NSP on autonomic variables in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A prospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and recruited 28 healthy participants who admitted in SDM Nature cure and Yoga hospital, Dharmasthala for the positive promotion of the health/general well-being. All participants were practiced KB 60 strokes/min for 5 rounds followed by NSP 1:1 ratio, 5 seconds inhalation and 5 seconds exhalation without any retention for 12 rounds. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed through MP150 data acquisition system and blood pressure was recorded by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. We assessed the BP, Heart Rate (HR), Short term HRV at baseline and immediately after the practice. Results: The mean age (SD) of the participants was 33.29 (6.9). The study showed significant decrease in Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and RMSSD. There were borderline changes in the time domain measures (Mean R-R, NN50, pNN50) and reduction in the frequency domain of the HRV (LF, HF, LF/HF). However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Immediate effect of sequential practice of KB and NSP in healthy volunteers showed positive effect in reduction of SBP, DBP and RMSSD. It can be included in the routine clinical practice for better outcome in the cardiovascular parameters and for the general well-being. Further studies are requisite to give insight in the underlying mechanism.

SummaryThe state of art to integrate bio‐signals with computer based diagnosis is taking dominance. The man‐machine interface is useful for early and immediate clinical interpretation. The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal plays a vital role in revealing the possible data towards categorizing normal and abnormal cardiac functioning. The fatal conditions exhibited by ventricular arrhythmias (VA) pose a remarkable change in the feature set of the ECG signals. In this work, a novel approach to segregate the superior feature toward the ventricular arrhythmias are extracted using feature ranking score algorithm (FRSA). The FRSA collects feature vectors in three different domains and ranks it to find out the more prevalent feature for diagnosis of VA. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is administered by supervisory machine learning optimization algorithm Mean Grey Wolf Optimization (MGWO). The performance estimates of SVM‐MGWO is compared for classification of VA signals with other optimization also like SVM‐Particle Swarm Optimization (SVM‐PSO) and SVM‐Grey Wolf Optimization (SVM‐GWO). The non‐parametric and parametric analysis evidently shows the improved performance of feature parameter estimates for classification. The accuracy of classification for SVM‐MGWO attains 100% for finding test data with VA at a minimal convergence iteration while comparing it with the other mentioned supervisory algorithms. The standard deviation during parametric analysis is negligible, which reveals the fact that reductant feature extracted and utilized for testing of ECG data is minimal. The performance estimates attained by the proposed algorithm shows the selection of optimal feature for the findings of VA through ECG. The man‐machine interface aides in the early diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias using non‐invasive diagnosing tool, the ECG.

Aging Science deals with the stages that an individual face during late phase of his life. Journal of Aging Science is an open access peer review publisher which completed 8 years of publication. During this period we achieved in disclosing all the quality articles to the public where we can help researchers, scientists, professors etc. in updating the information every now and then. During the year 2019, we have published articles related to sedentary behavior, Centenarians, Older adults memory, bereavement in geriatrics, frailty among surgical patients and many more. In 2020, we have published nearly 2 issues containing 7-8 articles.

The scenario of medical education and health care delivery system are changing in a dramatic ways. The aspirations and expectations of the students and the patients are at all-time high. Medical educators and health care providers are in search of methods, ways and means to satisfy these growing needs. One of the important bases of learning medicine is the human cadaver and every doctor starts his / her career of medicine with the touch, feel and examination of it by dissection. The deficiency of getting the bodies for dissection is as old as the modern medicine itself. This problem is compounded in modern era due to various social, economical and health factors. There is always been a search for alternatives for real body dissection. The progress in the software technology is helping us to some extent in this regard and the result is 3D virtual cadaver. Use and limitations in brief of this innovation is high-lightened in this article. Keywords: Dissection, Medical education, Three Dimensional (3D), Virtual cadaver.

EDITORIAL Aging Science deals with the stages that an individual face during late phase of his life. Journal of Aging Science is an open access peer review publisher which completed 8 years of publication. During this period we achieved in disclosing all the quality articles to the public where we can help researchers, scientists, professors etc. in updating the information every now and then. During the year 2019, we have published articles related to sedentary behavior, Centenarians, Older adults memory, bereavement in geriatrics, frailty among surgical patients and many more. The research article of Volume 7 issue 2 of Karlin NJ, et al. developed a typology towards understanding the cultural uniformity and components relayted aging which resulted in developing aging perception measure (questionnaire). This helps in investigating aging process world wide [1]. The review article of Scher LML, et al. summarized that there is an association between physical disability and sedenatry time in older adults [2].

The presence of silent neurons suggests sparse coding – but presence of sparse coding does not confirm the existence of silent neurons. According to the theory of sparse coding, to any given single stimulus, a large group of neurons will be silent in retort. According to Barth and Poulet the section of reactive neurons may be miscalculated due to the fact the stimulus given during the experiment may not be appropriate enough to stimulate all the neurons that are studies. To clear this out, if the neurons are truly silent that doesn’t respond to any stimulus, all the likely stimuli has to be tested on those neurons.2

Background A proper and detailed knowledge about the frontal sinus drainage pathway is essential for the radiologist to interpret the computed tomography scan of the paranasal air sinuses to find out normal and variant in the anatomy of frontal sinus ostium, and also for the surgeons to do endonasal sinus surgery particularly in the frontal sinus area with enough confidence and to give good postoperative result. With this background, the present study was focused to study the variation in the drainage pattern of frontal sinus in relation to uncinate process in cadaveric specimens. Materials and Methods The midsagittal section of head and neck portion of 40 cadaveric specimens with intact frontal sinus and frontal sinus drainage pattern were selected. By careful dissection, pattern of frontal sinus drainage was identified and pattern of drainage of frontal sinus in relation with uncinate process was studied. Result Frontal sinus drainage pattern is anteromedial to uncinate process (Type 1) in 28 specimens (70%) and posterolateral to uncinate process (Type 2) in 12 specimens (30%). Conclusion The results of our study show that the frontal sinus drainage pattern is more commonly present anteromedial to uncinate process compared with posterolateral position. This variation in the drainage pattern of frontal sinus should be kept in mind by the radiologist to give proper radiological interpretation and by the surgeons to avoid intraoperative complications and also to give good postoperative result.

Treatment of cancer without any side-effects is still a challenge in the medical system.This leads to an increasing search for improved anticancer drugs.Plant products have been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years as it has been drawing a great deal of attention to overcome cancer.The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the anticancer effect of MahaVallathy Leghiyam (MVL) and Neeradi Muthu Vallathy Leghiyam (NMVL) against human oral cancer (KB) cells.Different concentrations of aqueous extracts of MVL and NMVL were subjected to cytotoxic study.The antiproliferative effects were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and IC50 concentration was found at 3.25 mg/mL for MVL and 1.25 mg/mL for NMVL, also apoptotic activities were studied by PI and AO/EB dual staining.The results acquired from the comparative in-vitro studies on KB cell lines revealed that the unique Siddha medicine NMVL has more potent anticancer activity compared to MVL.There was an increase in the cell growth inhibition when treated with NMVL at lower concentration compared to MVL.The current investigation suggested that the phyto constituents of NMVL are responsible for anticancer activity.Thus, the long-term consumption of NMVL could be considered and promoted as an adjuvant therapy for treating various malignancies.

The Anthropologists and researchers in the field of evolution and human behaviour, was under the postulation that uniqueness of the human species is having a remarkably lengthy childhood and adolescence that allows improved learning and better social communications. If longevity is based on body size, then bigger animals may live longer. If so, the gorillas should have a longer life than human beings. but the humans live longer than gorillas. For human beings, the life expectancy is longer, when equated with rest of the species –including gorillas. The reason behind the longer life expectancy is that humans possess the maximum number of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Thus, with respect to longevity, size of the body is irrelevant [1].

The interpretation of various cardiovascular blood flow abnormalities can be identified using Electrocardiogram (ECG). The predominant anomaly due to the blood flow dynamics leads to the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the cardiac system. In this work, estimation of cardiac output (CO) parameter using blood flow rate analysis is carried out, which is a vital parameter to identify the subjects with left- ventricular arrhythmias (LVA). In particular, LVA is a resultant component of characteristic changes in blood rheology (blood flow rate). The CO is an intrinsic parameter derived from the stroke volume (SV) characterized by end-diastolic/systolic volumes (EDV/ESV) and heart rate. The pumping of blood from left ventricle (LV) reconciles in to R-R intervals depicted on ECG, which are used for heart rate estimation. The deviation from the nominal values of CO implies that, the subject is more prone to LVA. Further, the identification of subjects with LVA is accomplished by computing the features from the ECG signals. The proposed Feature Ranking Score (FRS) algorithm employs different statistical parameters to label the score of the extracted features. The feature score enables the selection optimal features for classification. The optimal features are further given to the Least Square- Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) classifier for training and testing phases. The signals are acquired from public domain MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, used for validating the proposed technique for identifying the LVA using blood flow.