Introduction: The treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process remains controversial, especially in children. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of func-tional treatments for mandibular condylar fractures with an articular impact. Materials and Methods: Young patients (< 15 years of age) presenting with either a unilateral or a bilateral mandibular fracture of the condylar process were included in this retrospective study. The clinical analysis focused on investigation of joint amplitudes at 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after the beginning of the treatment, and at the end of their physical growth for the long-term study. Other clinical parameters included temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and facial asymmetry. Photographs of patients and panoramic X-rays were assessed to identify any growth disorders at the end of the follow-up. Results: One hundred and eight patients were included in this study, and 33 patients who were no longer undergoing mandibular growth at the time of the last follow-up were included in the long-term study. The mean age at the time of the trauma was 9.33 years, and the mean follow-up was 82.2 months. A significant improvement was observed in the maximal mouth opening (MMO), diduction, and propulsion in the first months after the trauma, reaching 44.31 mm (p < 0.0001), 10.50 mm (p = 0.0001), and 6.33 mm (p = 0.01), respectively, at 6 months. Three patients experienced a clinical posterior vertical insufficiency, one of which required a surgical procedure, while four patients exhibited a ramus asymmetry of up to 10 mm, albeit with no clinical consequences. One case of TMJ ankylosis was noted. Conclusion: Our study suggests that functional treatment is appropriate for fractures of the mandibular con-dyle with an articular impact in children, as it promotes mandibular growth and good functional recovery. Children have to be followed up, however, until completion of growth. (C) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The sublingual gland flap: surgical technique and indications for the reconstruction of small oral defects Mathilde Malinge, Benoit Piot, Julie Longis, Thanh Thuy Nham, Marine Anquetil, Hélios Bertin 1 Service de chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, CHU de Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France 2 Laboratoire des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés (PhyOs, UMR 1238), faculté de médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France