Seven bread wheat genotypes were crossed by using half diallel design (7 x 7) for the study of traits. Analysis of variance was significant for all the traits. Revealed that HI-1544 was good general combiner for number of grains/ear; MP-1203 was good general combiner for biological yield/plant and chlorophyll content; GW-273, MP-4010 and HD-2932 were good general combiner for protein content. Hybrids, HI-1544 X LOK-1, MP-1203 X MP-4010 and MP-3173 X HD-2932 were observed desirable significant effect of sca on grain yield/plant. Hybrids with desirable significant effect of gca on grain yield and other traits can be used for the development of varieties. STS primers of PPO18 were used to find out the co-dominant loci in the crosses and single dominant loci in parents. PPO18 showed polymorphic banding pattern. Primer gave polymorphic dominant loci in parents and co-dominant loci in hybrids (MP-4010 X LOK-1, MP-4010 X GW-273, MP-4010 X HI-1544, HD-2932 X MP-4010 and MP-3173 X MP-4010). SST primer was used to authenticate best performance hybrid, MP-4010 X LOK-1 was not significant SCA for studied traits but their parents were good combiner for ear length.

An investigation about the genetic diversity among 68 wheat genotypes using yield and yield attributing traits was studied at the Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab). Based on Mahalanobis D 2 statistic, the 68 genotypes were grouped in to five clusters. Maximum intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster III (150.64). The highest inter-cluster distance which was observed between clusters II and III (488.73). For yield improvement, hybridization between genotypes in cluster II characterised by highest mean value for 1000 grains weight and cluster III containing genotypes exhibiting highest mean value for harvest index would be promising. High mean grain yield was observed in cluster X (37.62). Protein content (50.13) and days to 50% heading (31.43) contributed maximum towards total divergence.

A study was conducted to estimate the genetic variability of economic traits in 68 genotypes of wheat in randomized block design with three replications during rabi season 2018-19 at Agriculture Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab), India. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied. The estimate of PCV in all the traits studied were greater than those of the GCV, the close the proximity between PCV and GCV values for most of the characters indicated less influence of environment on the expression of the characters under study. Heritability for broad sense was estimated for all the characters under study and observed range from 22.58 to 96.39%. Harvest index and grain yield per plant exhibits High PCV and GCV whereas, plant height and protein content revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean andthe charactersto be under additive genetic control and also scope of improvement through direct selection.

A study was conducted to estimate the genetic variability and association analysis of economic traits in 24 F1 genotypes along with their 11 parents given in randomized block design with three replications during rabi season. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied. The estimate of PCV in all the traits studied were greater than those of the GCV, the close the proximity between PCV and GCV values for most of the characters indicated less influence of environment on the expression of the characters under study. Harvest index and grain yield per plant exhibits High PCV, GCV, heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean and the characters to be under additive genetic control and also scope of improvement through direct selection. The significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation of grain yield per plant were found positive for the characters plant height,1000 seed weight and protein content, ear weight, harvest index, number of spikelet’s per spike, spike length and number of tillers per plant. Biological yield per plant, number of grains per ear, days to maturity, plant height, ear length, harvest index, contribute towards grain yield as per path analyses, suggesting that these characters should be considered during selection for improvement in grain yield.

Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV, GCV), heritability, genetic advance (GA) and correlation and path coefficients for 13 characters were estimated in 47 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The PCV was greater than GCV for all the characters which reflects the existing range of variability within the genotypes was not only due to varying influence of genotype but also environment. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for characters such as grain yield plant-1, ear weight and number of ears plant-1 which indicates that improvement in these traits can be done by direct selection. In correlation analysis the highest positive and significant correlation was recorded in harvest index, biological yield plant-1, number of ears plant-1, number of productive tillers plant-1 and ear weight on the dependent character i.e. grain yield per plant. In the path analysis the highest positive direct effect was observed in biological yield plant-1, harvest index, ear length, 1000-grain weight, days to 50% heading and number of spikelet’s ear-1. Traits such as number of productive tillers plant-1 and plant height had negative direct effect on yield. Traits such as biological yield plant-1, number of ears plant-1 and number of productive tillers plant-1 showed positive indirect effect on yield. Therefore these traits may be effective in selection during breeding programme for improving grain yield and quality.

The experiment was undertaken to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Total of eight wheat genotypes were grown in Randomized Block Design along with three replications at Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The resultant analysis of variance revealed that treatments were significant for all the characters. The value of PCV was much higher than GCV for all the traits signifying varying expression of traits was due to both genotype as well as environment. High GCV and PCV value was recorded only for ear weight. Low heritability accompanied with high magnitude of genetic advance was observed for biological yield/plant indicates the trait was governed by additive gene effect but low heritability observed due to high environmental effects, so selection may be effective only to a certain extent. The correlation coefficient estimated positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation for harvest index and ear weight, while negative and significant correlation between day to 50% heading and grain yield/plant. The path coefficient analysis showed highest positive direct effects for harvest index followed by biological yield/plant, days to maturity, plant height, ear weight, number of grains/plant and 1000 grain weight on the dependent character. Whereas highest negative direct effect imposed by ear length followed by number of ears/plant, number of productive tillers/plant, days to 50% heading and number of spiklets/plant.

The experiment was undertaken to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Total of eight wheat genotypes were grown in Randomized Block Design along with three replications at Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. The resultant analysis of variance revealed that treatments were significant for all the characters. The value of PCV was much higher than GCV for all the traits signifying varying expression of traits was due to both genotype as well as environment. High GCV and PCV value was recorded only for ear weight. Low heritability accompanied with high magnitude of genetic advance was observed for biological yield/plant indicates the trait was governed by additive gene effect but low heritability observed due to high environmental effects, so selection may be effective only to a certain extent. The correlation coefficient estimated positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation for harvest index and ear weight, while negative and significant correlation between day to 50% heading and grain yield/plant. The path coefficient analysis showed highest positive direct effects for harvest index followed by biological yield/plant, days to maturity, plant height, ear weight, number of grains/plant and 1000 grain weight on the dependent character. Whereas highest negative direct effect imposed by ear length followed by number of ears/plant, number of productive tillers/plant, days to 50% heading and number of spiklets/plant.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the relationship between seed yield and its contributing characters by using 11 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara during rabi 2017-2018. Observation were recorded for the characters i.e. days to 50% heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per ear, ear length, ear weight, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. Indicating the existence of large variability among genotypes. High GCV was observed for number of ears per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant. PCV values were higher for number of ears per plant, grain yield per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and biological yield per plant. Both GCV and PCV were low for days to maturity. High heritability was observed in number of ears per plant, plant height and ear weight. High genetic advance as% of mean was observed in number of ears per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and harvest index. The correlation coefficient estimated positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation in number of ears per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, biological yield per plant, harvest index with grain yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct effect was imposed by grains per ear followed by days to maturity, harvest index, biological yield per plant, days to 50% heading, 1000 grains weight, plant height and number of productive tillers per plant.