Modern radars are widely employed in the field of defence, civil application and communication for target detection, tracking and ranging. Such radars are commonly designed to operate in X-band. The performance of the antenna must not degrade due to extreme changes in temperature and pressure. One such antenna that can fulfil these requirements is the slotted waveguide antenna. It consists of array of rectangular slots milled on the surface of the waveguide which enables the electromagnetic waves to radiate through these slots. A slotted waveguide antenna array is designed and simulated using HFSS for a frequency of 10.5GHz. The simulated design of slotted waveguide antenna array offers a return loss of -32.685dB and a VSWR of 1.016. The antenna exhibits a gain of 15.378dB and a peak gain of 35.245dB. It is horizontally polarized with a bandwidth percentage of 9%. Also, the dimension of the slots is varied, and an analysis of their effect is made on various antenna parameters.

In wireless communication systems like satellite communication, radar, avionics, navigation and electronic warfare, etc., the signal sources are necessary and integral part of front-end module. Many of front-end and up/down converter subsystem require local oscillators with low phase noise and high temperature stability as requirements. Different techniques are adopted for developing Voltage Tuned Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (VTDRO) like varactor based, and mechanical, etc. In this article a novel method for realizing high-Q tuning circuit coupled to microstrip line along with varactor diode is considered for VTDRO at 13.325GHz. The proposed method enables to achieve high performance VTDRO due to high Q tuning circuit along with high performance active network. Parameterized dielectric resonator "CYL_RESON" 3D element is used to design VTDRO and analyzed using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool. Article also presents, the oscillator analysis using nonlinear circuit and 3D electromagnetic (EM) co-simulations to account for the parasitic and EM coupling effects due to mechanical enclosure and routing. The circuit & 3D EM co-simulations are carried out using National Instrumentation (NI/AWR) Microwave Office (MWO) & Analyst Environment.

Currently Direct Digital Synthesizers(DDS) are becoming more popular for the generation of multiple frequency signals. Conventional method for generating multiple signals is to use different standalone frequency synthesizers or signal sources without any external filtering. In DDS multiple signals can be generated synchronously using a single reference signal. However, selection of correct reference signal and the filters are at most important for the performance of DDS and to suppress the Nyquist(aliasing) frequency components. This article presents a practical perspective on the selection of correct reference signal for the design of DDS. In addition, the impact of usage of filtering and design of different RC filters for the generation of RF signal frequencies of 39 MHz and 53 MHz are discussed.

Phase locked loops are most widely used in communication systems. Most of the PLL's that are used currently are hybrid type PLL's, where only the phase detectors are digital where as voltage controlled oscillators and loop filters are analog. This article presents an all digital approach for the design, simulation, Synthesis, and implementation of FPGA based ADPLL centred at 196 KHz with a lock range of 10% using VHDL codes. Xilinx ISE Design Suit 14.5 tools is used for simulating VHDL Codes and Xilinx Spartan 6 LX45 FPGA board for implementation. The FPGA results are verified using chipscope pro analysis tool. FPGA implementation results showed conformance with regard to the simulation results. The proposed design methodology resulted reduction of resources by 42% and low process time of 8.11ns as against 12.99ns achieved by other design methodologies.

This article explains finding of power issues and the methodology of giving a suitable solution for performance stabilization of an ultra-wideband very high gain receiver with steep gain gradient. The origin of this problem lies in homodyning down conversion technique itself. Its LO is derived from input RF source. Varieties of frequency band limited equalizers like RC, RL and RLC are examined to overcome initial gain fluctuations at low frequencies as well as region based gain humps to reduce slope gradient. Thereby at the same time it helps to enhance practically achievable gain against theoretical gain at around highest frequencies by reducing power distribution among all harmonic and spurious components caused by lower frequency elements.

Hadoop deals with big data which is an open source Java framework. There are two core components in it namely: HDFS (Hadoop distributed file system) is the ability of a system to continue normal operation against hardware or software faults using inexpensive hardware and which stocks huge extent of data another one is MapReduce is a processing technique and programming model done in lateral and scattered manner. Hadoop does not perform well for short data because huge amount of short data could be greater task on the NameNode of HDFS which inturn its execution time is prolonged for which MapReduce is encountered. While dealing with great amount of short data as it is particularly designed to handle huge amount of data, hadoop experienced with a performance cost. This analysis permits the indetail description of HDFS, actual ways to deal with the problems along with proposed approach to handle short data files and short data file problems. In proposed approach, small files are merged using programming model on hadoop known as MapReduce. By this approach of Hadoop performance of handling small files which is larger than block size is improved. We also propose a Traffic analyzer with the combination of Hadoop and Map-Reduce paradigm. The joint of Hadoop and MapReduce programming tools makes it possible to provide batch analysis in minimum response time and in memory computing capacity in order to process log in a high available, efficient and stable way.

Paper is about implementing the Open Stack to understand and demonstrate all the services offered by the CLOUD in IAAS. The Core Seven Services Horizon, Keystone, Glance, Swift, Cinder, Neutron, Nova, Heat, and Ceilometer offered by the Open Stack is implemented to Develop the S/W which Enables the richest feature of BIGDATA. Where we will be demonstrating the transition of the database to Big Data and this will be served as SAAS over network to convert the database to BIGDATA. The main objective considering the need of the IAAS and BIGDATA in each and every organization, utilizing the given opportunity to the best we will deploy the Open stack which is an open source Cloud Operating system and we will offer the BIGDATA Services over Cloud where it demonstrates the Protocols used in migration of the Relational Database to BIGDATA over Cloud. Big Data usually includes data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, accurate, manage, and process data within a tolerable elapsed time. This can describe by the characteristics of volume, velocity variety.

In present day scenario, the numbers of mobile phone users are growing day by day but, the systems deployed in the telecom network will not be changed nor replaced as the number of users grow for the same Technology (Ex 2G or 3G network). Therefore the systems which are deployed in the customer environment should be capable of handling the extreme scenarios like overload conditions to the normal scenarios with optimal load. If the system has to handle all the scenarios without any unexpected events or unit or system level crash, then all the systems have to undergo thorough testing for its Performance characteristics and capture all the defects in the functionality in the test environment. Radio network controller (RNC) is an important system in 3G networks. It does some of the major functionalities like Radio resource allocation, ciphering, Service area broadcast etc. There are many sub systems in RNC, which handles each of the work performed by RNC, out of which User Plane sub system is the one which handles the actual user data that flows through the network, be it Voice or data. Therefore since the number of mobile users has direct impact on the User plane sub system, the measurement of Performance Characteristics of it is a mandatory step. The Performance testing of User plane sub system involves lot of repetitive processes like triggering the number of call to test each scenario and also the test runs usually extend for long durations due to which manual intervention to check the results would be tedious and sometime prone to human errors. This initiated the requirement to automate the procedure of performance testing of User plane. Hence this paper aims at implementation of a tool for performance testing of USER PLANE sub system, using Perl as the Scripting Language with help of call simulators and test data tools which will reduce the testing run time as well as reduce the human errors that tend to occur during manual testing.

TDM GSM network (NW) Synchronization is a major issue with regard to network hygiene and call quality, specifically with regard to call drops and hand overs. In this paper an experimental trail conducted in India in one of the GSM network managed by a service provider, to assess the Sync clock quality of a BSC (Base station controller), which was synchronized through microwave media with multiple hops is presented. Various issues related to GSM network synchronization through microwave media, Synchronization performance evaluation, clock quality which prevailed in the network and revised method to synchronize of GSM TDM BSC through microwave that was implemented and the improvement noticed in the synchronization clock quality/performance due to the revised method of synchronization is presented. Finally impact of Clock synchronization on some of the GSM network RF (radio frequency) KPI's(Key performance indicators) like Hand over success rate (HOSR), Traffic channel Success rate (TCHSR), Standalone dedicated control channel completion rate(SDCCHCR) is presented.

A compact design procedure and realization techniques of sharp rejection band pass filter with pre calculated feed position is reported in this paper. Two spatially symmetric quadruplets are used asymmetrically with space mapping technique to adjust transmission zeros for getting desired selectivity. External coupling bandwidths are analysed, calculated and plotted for different feed line widths. A set of design equation are proposed to calculate external coupling bandwidths from the physical dimensions of the feed strip. Inter resonator spacing is utilized in special way to enhance overall bandwidth of the filter.

Hand over is one of the most important function of a cellular network. Hand success rate (HOSR) improvement is an important optimization activity of a GSM network (NW). Cellular operators adapt different approaches like locations area updates at cell boundaries and optimization of adjacencies, threshold parameters etc. for HOSR improvement. Cellular operators don't consider network synchronization as an important issue for call handover success rate. This article presents an investigation and analysis carried out on a live BSC (Base station controller) of a TDM GSM network in India deployed in Madhya Pradesh state to demonstrate how frequency drift of a BSC, resulting from poor synchronization can degrade HOSR. This article also presents the correlation between DAC word value (frequency drift) of a BSC and HOSR, and how DAC word value analysis can be used to assess HOSR degradation. In addition various methods for the performance evaluation of synchronization network, like clock quality, synchronization failure alarms, and clock frequency drift etc. and different issues and requirements with regard to synchronization of cellular network are presented.

In present day scenario, the numbers of mobile phone users are growing day by day but, the systems deployed in the telecom network will not be changed nor replaced as the number of users grow for the same Technology (Ex 2G or 3G network). Therefore the systems which are deployed in the customer environment should be capable of handling the extreme scenarios like overload conditions to the normal scenarios with optimal load. If the system has to handle all the scenarios without any unexpected events or unit or system level crash, then all the systems have to undergo thorough testing for its Performance characteristics and capture all the defects in the functionality in the test environment. Radio network controller (RNC) is an important system in 3G networks. It does some of the major functionalities like Radio resource allocation, ciphering, Service area broadcast etc. There are many sub systems in RNC, which handles each of the work performed by RNC, out of which User Plane sub system is the one which handles the actual user data that flows through the network, be it Voice or data. Therefore since the number of mobile users has direct impact on the User plane sub system, the measurement of Performance Characteristics of it is a mandatory step. The Performance testing of User plane sub system involves lot of repetitive processes like triggering the number of call to test each scenario and also the test runs usually extend for long durations due to which manual intervention to check the results would be tedious and sometime prone to human errors. This initiated the requirement to automate the procedure of performance testing of User plane. Hence this paper aims at implementation of a tool for performance testing of USER PLANE sub system, using Perl as the Scripting Language with help of call simulators and test data tools which will reduce the testing run time as well as reduce the human errors that tend to occur during manual testing.

This paper presents the design technique and simulation of Duplexer for GSM 900 band applications using microstrip technology.Two band pass filters with unequal impedance are designed. One filter with the 890-915MHz band and other filter with the 935-960MHz. Then these two filters are combined together in parallel to act as a duplexer with the uplink frequency band as 890915MHz and downlink frequency band as 935-960MHz.The simulation is done using ADS software. Next, tuning and optimization are applied to achieve the low insertion loss.The proposed duplexer is a proof of concept for realizing duplexer functions using microstrip technology. In general, duplexers are built using high quality factor cavity filters. However, to prove the concept, duplexer is fabricated using FR-4 material which is readily available in India.

Many articles have been published on TDM SDH backhaul synchronization and few on GSM network (NW synchronization), but very few articles have appeared on experimental trails conducted to show the impact of clock quality and Synchronization on GSM network performance specifically with regard to network hygiene and call quality(call drops and hand overs). In this paper an experimental trail conducted in India in one of the GSM network managed by a service provider, to assess the impact of Sync clock quality of a BSC (Base station controller), on GSM network performance is presented. Various methods which could be adapted for evaluation of GSM TDM network synchronization performance like clock quality, alarms, and DAC word etc. are also presented. Finally impact of Clock synchronization on some of the GSM network RF (Radio frequency) KPIs (Key performance indicators) like Hand over success rate (HOSR), Traffic channel Success rate (TCHSR), Standalone dedicated control channel completion rate (SDCCHCR) and on reduction of synchronization failure alarms to improve network hygiene is presented. In addition various issues with regard to GSM network synchronization are also discussed.

Rain attenuation on Microwave (MW) links in tropical countries like India is a serious concern for mobile backhaul planning engineers due to restriction of frequency usage. In India 6/7/8 GHz frequency spectrum can be used only for MW links of hop lengths greater than 15km, else 15/18/23 GHz to be used. Performance of 15/18/23 GHz MW links of hop lengths 10-15km is severely affected by rain attenuation as compared to shorter hop lengths of 5-8km. Rain attenuation may cause MW Link outages. Over the years, many types of rain attenuation prediction models have been developed. But very few experimental studies were conducted on Point to Point terrestrial microwave links operating above 10 GHz in a tropical climate like India. In this article we present results of the trials conducted on a live 155Mbps capacity, 15 GHz MW link to analyze the impact of rainfall intensity. The test case MW link was deployed along the west coast of India by one of the Cellular operators. Comparison of ITU and Crane rain attenuation estimation methods, differences in their estimation figures, their suitability for tropical climate, different aspects to be considered for performance improvement and mitigating the impact of rain attenuation on a 15/18/23 GHz microwave path, are also discussed.

This paper presents the design technique, simulation, fabrication and comparison between measured and simulated results of a parallel coupled microstrip BPF. The filter is designed and optimized at 2.44 GHz with a FBW of 3.42%. The first step in designing of this filter is approximated calculation of its lumped component prototype. Admittance inverter is used to transform the lumped component circuit into an equivalent form using microwave structures. After getting the required specifications, the filter structure is realized using parallel coupled technique. Simulation is done using ADS software. Next, optimization is done to achieve low insertion loss and a selective skirt. The simulated filter is fabricated on FR-4 substrate. Comparison between the simulated and measured results shows that they are approximately equal.