Beaches are among the habitats most frequented by migratory birds for breeding and/or wintering. However, threats such as human pressure and sea level rise can reduce the availability of these habitats for different species. The presence of alternative areas, such as salt pans and brackish habitats, is essential for many migratory shorebird populations. This study addresses the post-breeding dispersal of the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) in the Iberian Peninsula by analysing C and N isotopes in feathers. The study was conducted at six locations along the Iberian coast, which were categorized into three areas: the NW Atlantic coast, the Atlantic coast of Andalusia, and the Mediterranean coast. Although linear mixed models did not reveal any significant effects of sex or coastal area on isotopic levels, the variability in the data suggests different habitat-use strategies in the post-reproductive period. Isotopic levels in birds from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula exhibit greater fidelity to a single habitat type, while those from the Mediterranean coast and the Atlantic coast of Andalusia show greater variability, indicating different individual dispersal strategies. The lack of alternative habitats for the northwest Iberian population, the reduction in available habitat due to rising sea levels, and human pressure together pose a serious threat to the survival of this species, already with an unfavourable conservation status.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive tract recovery and metabolism of feeding either bovine colostrum (BC), transition milk (TM), or milk replacer (MR) after an episode of feed restriction and fasting (FRF) in dairy calves. Thirty-five Holstein male calves (22 ± 4.8 d old) were involved in a 50-d study. After 3 d of feeding 2 L of rehydration solution twice daily and 19 h of fasting (d 1 of study), calves were randomly assigned to one of the 5 feeding treatments (n = 7): calves were offered either pooled BC during 4 (C4) or 10 (C10) days, pooled TM during 4 (TM4) or 10 (TM10) days, or MR for 10 d (CTRL) at the rate of 720 g/d DM content. Then, all calves were fed the same feeding program, gradually decreasing MR from 3 L twice daily to 2 L once daily at 12.5% DM until weaning (d 42), and concentrate feed, water, and straw were offered ad libitum until d 50. Citrulline, Cr-EDTA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in serum and complete blood count (CBC) were determined on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 relative to FRF, except BHB and NEFA at d -3. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactoferrin (LTF), IgA, and microbiota (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and Fecalis prausnitzii) were analyzed in feces on d 5 and 11 before the morning feeding. Health scores were recorded daily from d -3 to d 14 as well as d 23 and 30. Feed concentrate, MR, and straw intake were recorded daily, and body weight on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 and weekly afterward. Calf performance, intake, serum Cr-EDTA, CBC, fecal LTF concentrations and microbiota parameters were similar among treatments throughout the study. Serum NEFA concentrations were greater in TM4, TM10 and C10 calves compared with the CTRL ones from d 2 to 11, and after the FRF, serum concentrations of BHB were lower in CTRL calves than in the other treatments, and on d 11, serum BHB concentrations in the long treatments (C10 and TM10) remained greater than those in the shorter ones (C4 and TM4) and CTRL. Serum citrulline concentrations were similar on d -3 and 1 in all treatments, but they were greater in C4, C10, TM4, and TM10 on d 2 and 5, and on d 11 they were only greater in C10 and TM10 than in CTRL calves. Fecal IgA concentrations tended to be greater in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, and in C4 and TM10 than in CTRL animals. Fecal propionate proportion was lesser in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, while butyrate was greater in C4 and C10 than in TM4 and CTRL calves. The proportion of non-normal fecal scores of C10 fed calves was greater than TM4 and TM10 calves. Results showed that TM and BC may help to recover intestinal functionality, provide gut immune protection, and increase liver fatty acid oxidation in calves after a FRF episode.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential consequences on calf intake, performance, behavior, ruminal microbiome, and ruminal epithelium development of combining the inclusion of chopped barley straw and alfalfa hay during the pre- and postweaning periods keeping concentrate to forage ratio constant among dietary treatments. Forty-five Holstein calves (44 ± 5.7 kg of body weight [BW] and 3 ± 1.5 d of age) individually penned were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to a common pellet concentrate fed ad libitum along with one of following forage feeding strategies: barley straw before and after weaning (S-S), barley straw before and alfalfa hay after weaning (S-A), or alfalfa hay before and after weaning (A-A). All calves received the same milk replacer regimen. Forage was supplied in a separated bucket at the rate of 7.5% (preweaning) and 15% (postweaning) of total solid feed intake of the previous day. Feed intake and BW were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. Rumen samples were obtained via a stomach tube at 53, 66, and 87 d and were composite in 3 samples of 5 animals each for subsequent rumen microbiome analysis. A rumen epithelium sample was taken by endoscopy at 90 d to assess gene expression of OCLN, CLDN4, SLC9A1, SLC9A3, SLC16A1, SLC16A4, IL6, and TGFB1. Data were analyzed with a mixed-effects model accounting for the fixed effects of block, forage, week of study, and their interaction, and calf as a random effect. The type of forage fed did not affect concentrate feed, forage, or total DM intake before weaning. However, S-A and A-A calves consumed less concentrate feed and S-A calves grew at a lower rate after weaning than S-S calves. Expression of the gene coding for SLC16A1 in the rumen epithelium was greatest in S-S among treatments. Rumen microbiome did not differ among treatments, while the relative abundance of Acidaminococcus and Selenomas genera increased, while Alloprevotella, Bifidobaterium, Olsenella, and Succiclasticum genera decreased with age. In conclusion, feeding barley straw before and after weaning was more effective than feeding alfalfa hay in promoting concentrate feed intake after weaning and fostering an increase in the expression of SLC16A1 in the rumen epithelium.

Computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive technique, based on X-rays, that has been used in several livestock species to evaluate carcass composition. The objective of this study was to construct predictive equations to estimate carcass and viscera composition for preweaning calves using CT. For this purpose, 24 Holstein male calves (4 +/- 0.9 d of age; 40 +/- 2.2 kg of body weight) were fed a milk replacer (MR; 23% CP; 15% fat) either 4 L/d or 8 L/d of MR at the rate of 125 g/L of water to ensure different levels of fat and protein accretion and generate sufficient variation to obtain the equations of calibration. Then, at 30 +/- 2.4 d of age, 3 calves from each feeding program, and at 50 +/- 1.9 d of age, 9 calves from each feeding program were CT-scanned, and humanly sacrificed. Carcasses were also CT scanned 24 h post mortem. Images from CT were analysed and used to predict content of protein and fat of carcasses, red and white viscera. The models rendered a residual predictive deviation between 1.1 (protein red viscera) and 2.6 (fat white viscera) in live animal images and between 1.1 (carcass moisture) and 4.5 (fat white viscera) in carcass images. The root mean square error of prediction relative to the mean ranged between 1.32 (carcass moisture) and 17.3% (fat white viscera) in live animal images and between 1.38 (carcass moisture) and 17.3 (fat red viscera) in carcass images. The coefficient of determination ranged between 0.19 (protein red viscera) and 0.88 (fat white viscera) in images from live calves and between 0.26 (carcass protein) and 0.98 (fat white viscera) in carcass images. In conclusion, it is possible to predict body composition of calves using a non-destructive technique by means of computed tomography images and this prediction could be used in studies were the estimation of this content would be relevant.

This study investigated the sex-related and spatial variation in trace elements concentrations in feathers of the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) inhabiting different coastal locations in the Iberian Peninsula. Feathers were sampled in a total of 50 breeding birds from 7 different locations: 3 on the Mediterranean coast (n=18), 1 on the Atlantic coast of Andalusia (n=9) and 3 on the NW Atlantic coast (n=23). The feathers were analyzed to determine the concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb. All of the trace elements were present at detectable concentrations, and the mean concentrations of Al, Zn and Cu were highest of those considered. The coastal section had a significant effect on 5 elements (Mn, Cu, As, Cd and Pb). The mean concentrations of almost all of the trace elements were highest in the birds from Andalusia, intermediate in the birds from the Mediterranean area and, in general, lowest in the birds from the NW Atlantic coast. Females showed significant higher Mn concentrations and high levels of exogenous elements (Al and As) in contrast with males. Less preening activity during the day of female birds, when they are occupied in incubating eggs, could favour higher concentrations of exogenous trace elements. The high levels of several trace elements observed in the samples from Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Andalusia may pose a serious threat to these populations.

Introduccion : La pandemia generada por la COVID 19, ha conllevado a tomar medidas a nivel de pais, para prevenir el contagio de esta enfermedad, donde el distanciamiento fisico es una de ellas, siendo necesario implementar la teleeducacion en su maxima expresion, bajo circunstancias complejas, que comprendio la transformacion de programas de estudios hacia la modalidad virtual. El Ministerio de Educacion Superior en respuesta a esta contingencia epidemiologica, se pronuncia mediante la “Gaceta Oficial No. 27 Extraordinaria”, amparando la defensa de tesis o trabajos finales en esa modalidad. Objetivo : proponer una metodologia que valide el procedimiento de realizacion de defensas de tesis de maestrias en modalidad virtual, con plataforma MOODLE. Metodos: Se emplearon metodos teoricos y empiricos. La propuesta tuvo en cuenta, el rol a desempenar por cada uno de los actores del proceso, con una participacion de 20 que conformaron el universo los que, mediante el empleo de herramientas del Aula Virtual, bajo una sucesion logica, condujeron al procedimiento a seguir como guia orientadora. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos en la validacion de la propuesta fueron positivos, contribuye con aportes importantes e innovacion tecnologica que representa un ahorro economico social significativo, validando la actualidad del proyecto. Conclusiones: el estudio ofrece la solucion al problema planteado mediante la adecuacion a la virtualidad de los actos de defensa de tesis de programas de estudios como las maestrias con una valoracion de muy satisfactoria.

The consequences of supplementing Lys, Met, and Thr in milk replacers (MR) for calves have been widely studied, but scarce information exists about potential roles of other AA (whether essential or not). The effects on growth performance of supplementation of 4 different AA combinations in a mixed ration (25.4% crude protein and 20.3% fat) based on skim milk powder and whey protein concentrate were evaluated in 76 Holstein male calves (3 ± 1.7 d old). The 4 MR were as follows: CTRL with no AA supplementation; PG, supplying additional 0.3% Pro and 0.1% Gly; FY, supplying additional 0.2% Phe and 0.2% Tyr; and KMT, providing additional 0.62% Lys, 0.22% Met, and 0.61% Thr. All calves were fed the same milk allowance program and were weaned at 56 d of study. Concentrate intake was limited to minimize interference of potential differences in solid feed intake among treatments. Animals were weighed weekly, intakes recorded daily, and blood samples obtained at 2, 5, and 7 wk of study to determine serum urea and plasma AA concentrations. Plasma AA concentrations were explored using compositional data analysis, and their isometric log-ratio transformations were used to analyze their potential influence on ADG and serum urea concentration using a linear mixed-effects model. We detected no differences in calf performance and feed intake. Plasma relative concentration of the AA supplemented in the KMT and PG treatments increased in their respective treatments, and, in PG calves, a slight increase in the proportion of plasma Gly, Glu, and branched-chain AA was also observed. The proportions of plasma branched-chain AA, His, and Gln increased, and those of Thr, Arg, Lys, and Glu decreased with calves' age. A specific log-contrast balance formed by Arg, Thr, and Lys was found to be the main driver for lowering serum urea concentrations and increasing calf growth. The use of compositional mixed-effects models identified a cluster formed by the combination of Arg, Thr, and Lys, as a potential AA to optimize calf growth.

Introduccion: La enfermeria cubana es una profesion que ha experimentado cambios trascendentales en sus funciones como prestadora de servicios de salud, asi como en el proceso de formacion que ha realizado de forma acelerada, por etapas y niveles, lo que conllevo a ajustar los modelos de formacion. Los programas de estudio son perfeccionados en correspondencia con el encargo social y desarrollo cientifico tecnico, lo que permite dar respuesta oportuna a la salud universal. Objetivo: Exponer experiencias en la formacion de recursos humanos de enfermeria en el contexto cubano, logros alcanzados y principales desafios ante la salud universal. Metodos: Ensayo cualitativo teorico-reflexivo, realizado en enero a mayo de 2020, basado en literatura nacional e internacional. Para buscar los estudios se utilizaron descriptores controlados “Recursos humanos”, “Enfermeria”, “Salud”, en bases de datos latinoamericanas e internacionales. Los datos se procesaron a traves del analisis de contenido. Conclusion: Cuba ha conseguido desarrollar la formacion de los recursos humanos en enfermeria y alcanzar adecuada cobertura de salud, lo que resulta un logro que garantiza atencion sin exclusion de las personas que requieran sus servicios.

Tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that participates in the control of the affective state of an animal. We hypothesized that Trp supplementation could help dairy calves to cope with weaning stress. Twenty-seven Holstein male calves (48 ± 0.8 d old; 82 ± 2.6 kg of body weight) were used to evaluate the effects of Trp supplementation at a rate of 4.5 g/d via milk replacer (MR) on performance and behavioral parameters around weaning. All calves received the same feeding program (6 L/d at 15% dry matter from d 1 to 7, 4 L/d at 15% dry matter from d 8 to 14, and 2 L/d at 15% dry matter in one feeding until d 21 of study) and were completely weaned 22 d after the beginning of the study (around 70 d of life). Calves were fed a starter feed (19.3% crude protein and 16.2% neutral detergent fiber, on a dry matter basis) and chopped straw ad libitum. Animals were weighed weekly, dry matter intakes were recorded daily, lying behavior was recorded using accelerometers throughout the study, and scan sampling was performed twice a week, 1 h after the morning feeding, to record behavioral activity (nonnutritive oral behaviors, suckling a neighbor calf, standing, resting, rumination, vocalizations, eating, and drinking). Tryptophan supplementation did not affect calf performance or concentrate and MR intake, but straw intake tended to be greater in nonsupplemented compared with Trp-supplemented calves (153 vs. 129 ± 9.0 g/d, respectively). Lying time, lying bouts, and lying duration decreased when changes in the MR feeding program occurred, independent of treatment. Similarly, differences in behavioral observations occurred along days of study, with no effect of Trp supplementation. The main changes observed in calf behavior were an increase in vocalizations and standing time 1 h after the morning feeding at weaning, but again these changes were independent of treatment. Parameters measured in serum and plasma indicated an increase in Trp, kynurenine, and the kynurenine/Trp ratio after feeding in the Trp calves. A tendency for lower plasma glucose concentration after feeding was observed in the Trp group. No changes in stress markers such as cortisol and haptoglobin in serum were detected. In conclusion, supplementing 4.5 g/d of Trp via MR between 48 and 62 d of life had no effect on performance or behavior in calves around weaning.

Urgent action needs to be taken to halt global biodiversity crisis. To be effective in the implementation of such action, managers and policy-makers need updated information on the status and trends of biodiversity. Here, we test the ability of remotely sensed ecosystem functioning attributes (EFAs) to predict the distribution of 73 bird species with different life-history traits. We run ensemble species distribution models (SDMs) trained with bird atlas data and 12 EFAs describing different dimensions of carbon cycle and surface energy balance. Our ensemble SDMs—exclusively based on EFAs—hold a high predictive capacity across 71 target species (up to 0.94 and 0.79 of Area Under the ROC curve and true skill statistic (TSS)). Our results showed the life-history traits did not significantly affect SDM performance. Overall, minimum Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and maximum Albedo values (descriptors of primary productivity and energy balance) were the most important predictors across our bird community. Our approach leverages the existing atlas data and provides an alternative method to monitor inter-annual bird habitat dynamics from space in the absence of long-term biodiversity monitoring schemes. This study illustrates the great potential that satellite remote sensing can contribute to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and to the Essential Biodiversity Variables framework (EBV class “Species distribution”).

Ante la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2, agente causante de la COVID -19, que ha causado perjuicio a nivel global en escenarios politicos, socioculturales y economicos, se han aplicado diferentes medidas de acuerdo con el contexto de cada pais, con la intencion de contrarrestar las afectaciones de esta enfermedad y minimizar sus danos. Actividades como el trabajo y el estudio han sufrido modificaciones y se ha tenido que innovar para pasar a la virtualidad, lo que implica un gran reto, sobre todo para aquellas personas carentes de acceso y/o conocimientos tecnologicos. Los docentes se enfrentan al dificil y acelerado cambio de modelo, con adaptacion de nuevas estrategias didacticas, sustentadas en variados soportes virtuales. En medio de esta contingencia epidemiologica y el consiguiente reto de los docentes ante una pedagogia diferente, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue exponer estrategias didacticas mediadas por las tecnologias de la informacion y las comunicaciones, para la virtualizacion del proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje. La virtualizacion se comporta como una extension del aula presencial, sustentada principalmente por la comunicacion que se establece desde la distancia entre los actores del proceso que utilizan recursos didacticos de manera virtual, para desarrollar actividades con nuevas formas y formatos de distribucion de contenidos, donde los estudiantes gestionan su conocimiento, por tanto, hay que verla como una oportunidad que acorta las distancias, enriquece el proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje, permite el desarrollo de los programas de estudio, fortalece las relaciones e inculca la colaboracion entre todos los actores.

Introduccion: Las tendencias educativas del siglo XXI estan marcadas por la integracion cientifica y tecnologica que permite la gestion academica de todos los actores, asistidos por las tecnologias de la informacion y el conocimiento, las estrategias de desarrollo y perspectiva academica generados fundamentalmente por plataformas tecnologicas y los metodos basados en un escenario educativo con nuevas condiciones para el autoaprendizaje, manifiestas en el aprendizaje electronico. Objetivo: Exponer los desafios de los docentes de enfermeria ante el empleo de los entornos virtuales de ensenanza aprendizaje en su desempeno, al considerar las tendencias actuales de las tecnologias educativas en la educacion superior. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se realizo una revision bibliografica descriptiva desde 2015 hasta 2018 y entrevistas. Se aplico la sistematizacion y el estudio documental como metodo cientifico. Se realizo triangulacion de las fuentes para la obtencion de resultados. Conclusiones: Existe la disponibilidad en la red y el potencial inteligente necesario para que los docentes de enfermeria se superen cada vez mas y asuman una educacion permanente, y asuman estos retos como procesos transformadores a afrontar y alcanzar

Despite much discussion about the utility of remote sensing for effective conservation, the inclusion of these technologies in species recovery plans remains largely anecdotal. We developed a modeling approach for the integration of local, spatially measured ecosystem functional dynamics into a species distribution modeling (SDM) framework in which other ecologically relevant factors are modeled separately at broad scales. To illustrate the approach, we incorporated intraseasonal water‐vegetation dynamics into a cross‐scale SDM for the Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago), which is highly dependent on water and vegetation dynamics. The Common Snipe is an Iberian grassland waterbird characteristic of European agricultural meadows and a member of one of the most threatened bird guilds. The intraseasonal dynamics of water content of vegetation were measured using the standard deviation of the normalized difference water index time series computed from bimonthly images of the Sentinel‐2 satellite. The recovery plan for the Common Snipe in Galicia (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) provided an opportunity to apply our modeling framework. Model accuracy in predicting the species’ distribution at a regional scale (resulting from integration of downscaled climate projections with regional habitat–topographic suitability models) was very high (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.981 and Boyce's index of 0.971). Local water‐vegetation dynamic models, based exclusively on Sentinel‐2 imagery, were good predictors (AUC of 0.849 and Boyce's index of 0.976). The predictive power improved (AUC of 0.92 and Boyce's index of 0.98) when local model predictions were restricted to areas identified by the continental and regional models as priorities for conservation. Our models also performed well (AUC of 0.90 and Boyce's index of 0.93) when projected to updated water‐vegetation conditions. Our modeling framework enabled incorporation of key ecosystem processes closely related to water and carbon cycles while accounting for other factors ecologically relevant to endangered grassland waterbirds across different scales, allowed identification of priority areas for conservation, and provided an opportunity for cost‐effective recovery planning by monitoring management effectiveness from space.

Estudouse a abundancia e distribucion de aves nidificantes nas Zonas de Especial Conservacion do Macizo Central e Bidueiral de Montederramo, incluidas na Rede Natura 2000, a unha resolucion espacial de 2 x 2 km entre os anos 2002 e 2008. Rexistraronse un total de 108 especies, pertencentes a 37 familias e 13 ordes, das cales 97 foron catalogadas como nidificantes seguras ou probables e 11 como posibles. O territorio alberga especies de alto interese ecoloxico, tanto pola sua singularidade no contexto galego como polo seu valor de conservacion. A area de estudo caracterizase por unha elevada riqueza especifica, debido en parte a sua posicion bioxeografica, destacando a presenza de especies de marcado caracter mediterraneo. O maior numero de especies rexistrouse en soutos e en medios agricolas heteroxeneos. A media de especies presentes en cada cuadricula foi de 28,58 ± 1,16. Do total de especies detectadas, mais do 50% foron especies cun rango de distribucion restrinxido, 20 estan incluidas no Anexo I da Directiva Aves e 7 no Catalogo Galego de Especies Ameazadas, o que pon de relevo a importancia da area de estudo dende o punto de vista da conservacion da avifauna en Galicia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of supplementing glutamic acid in milk replacers (MR) with respect to calf performance, intestinal permeability, and metabolism. Sixty Holstein male calves (3 ± 1.3 d old and 45 ± 5.9 kg body weight) were individually housed and fed a control MR without AA supplementation (24.8% crude protein and 19.1% fat, dry matter basis), or MR supplemented with 0.3% glutamic acid (25.1% crude protein and 20.3% fat, dry matter basis). Animals followed the same MR feeding program and were weaned at 56 d of the study. The amount of starter concentrate offered was restricted to limit the effect of concentrate intake on calf metabolism. Individual daily consumption and weekly body weight were measured, and 4 h after the morning feeding, blood samples were obtained at 14 and 35 d to determine general biochemical parameters and plasma AA concentrations. On d 10 of the study, we conducted an intestinal permeability test by including 21 g of lactulose and 4.2 g of d-mannitol as markers in the MR. We found no differences in calf performance or in intestinal permeability (measured as lactulose:mannitol ratio). Serum glucose concentration was greater in unsupplemented calves than in Glu-supplemented calves. At 14 d, the proportion of plasma Leu was greater in Glu-supplemented calves; the proportion of Ile tended to be greater in Glu-supplemented calves; and the proportion of Met tended to be greater in unsupplemented calves. We observed no other differences. Small changes occurred in AA metabolism when supplementing calf MR with 0.3% glutamic acid, without leading to improvements in calf performance or changes in intestinal permeability.

Para este numero, la seccion se dedico a explorar un tema en el contexto docente que refuerza el aprendizaje significativo. Se refiere a las “capsulas educativas”, innovacion pedagogica que integra el uso de las tecnologias de la informacion y las comunicaciones (TIC) en la generacion de recursos o contenidos digitales educativos, con el proposito de difundir contenidos tematicos cortos, que faciliten el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje.

This study provides information on the distribution and abundance of breeding birds in the Special Areas of Conservation-SACs "Macizo Central e Bidueiral de Montederramo", included in the Natura 2000 network, at a resolution of 2 x 2 km between 2002 and 2008. A total of 108 species, with a representation from 37 taxonomic families and 13 orders, was recorded. Ninety-seven of these species were classified as confirmed or probable breeders, while the remaining 11 species were considered possible breeders. This study area holds a rich avian community with high ecological interest due to their restricted distributional range in Galicia and an unfavorable conservation status. The high species richness is due to the transitional biogeographic position of the study area, including several species typically Mediterranean. Hotpots were found in areas dominated by chestnut groves and heterogeneous agricultural environments. The number of species for each 2-km square was, on average, 28.6 +/- 1.16. Of the total documented species, more than 50% have a restricted distributional range. In addition, 20 species are included in Annex I of the Bird Directive and in the Galician Catalog of Threatened Species, which highlights the importance of the study area for bird conservation in Galicia.

Introduccion: Despues de tres decadas desde el primer caso de VIH, el caracter irreversible de la enfermedad persiste y el numero de individuos afectados continua en ascenso. El rol de los profesionales de la enfermeria en el cuidado a estas personas, resulta estrategico para promover conductas saludables y estilos de vida adecuados. A nivel internacional se observa la tendencia a insertar las Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones como elemento facilitador del cuidado de enfermeria. Objetivo: Disenar una intervencion de enfermeria que emplee dispositivos moviles en la gestion del cuidado de personas que viven con VIH. Metodos: Se realizaron pesquisas para identificar acciones a implementar, temas a tratar y contenido de los productos. Los resultados arrojaron dos salidas: diseno de aplicaciones para moviles y envio de mensajeria celular. Se entrevistaron especialistas y personas afectadas para identificar temas y contenido a abordar. Resultados: Fueron disenados 64 mensajes para moviles y tres aplicaciones, destinados a enfermeras de la Atencion Primaria y personas que viven con VIH. Conclusiones: Se diseno una investigacion que contribuye a enriquecer y humanizar la gestion del cuidado de enfermeria a personas que viven con VIH, a la vez que favorece la incorporacion de practicas adecuadas de autocuidado en la poblacion diana. Los productos resultantes fueron evaluados por especialistas y clientes, resultando valorados de altamente motivadores, agentes de impacto para promover el autocuidado y utiles para humanizar el desempeno de enfermeria.

Resumen Ministerio De Salud Publica Escuela Nacional de Salud Publica Tesis en opcion del grado cientifico de Doctor en Ciencias de la Educacion Medica Autor : MSc Maria Niurka Vialart Vidal Tutora : Dra. C. Inarvis Medina Gonzalez La Habana, 2017 Sintesis En este milenio la tendencia mundial en la Educacion Superior, es la integracion cientifica y tecnologica que permite la gestion academica de todos los actores que intervienen en el proceso docente educativo, asistidos por las tecnologias de la informacion y las  comunicaciones (TIC) en las que estan presentes los entornos virtuales de ensenanza aprendizaje (EVEA). La contradiccion planteada, las interrogantes cientificas, el reconocimiento del objeto de estudio y el campo de accion, dieron paso al objetivo propuesto de Disenar un Programa Educativo que contribuya al empleo de los EVEA por los docentes de enfermeria en el proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje. En la investigacion de intervencion, se empleo la contrastacion de metodos teoricos y empiricos para la construccion, desarrollo y conformacion final de los productos de la investigacion, ello propicio ademas aportar aspectos teoricos, metodologicos, tecnicos y practicos que favorecen la extension a otros ambitos. Los resultados de los instrumentos aplicados antes y despues de la ejecucion del Programa Educativo, permitieron explorar la satisfaccion y el mejoramiento profesional de los docentes de enfermeria que  participaron en funcion de su preparacion docente, segun las condiciones actuales del contexto cubano. Se diseno el Programa Educativo como modelo teorico de desarrollo y mejora que introduce los EVEA en los programas de estudio de la carrera de enfermeria, con metodologias y propuestas didacticas novedosas, lo cual posibilito a los docentes adquirir nuevos  conocimientos y a la vez aplicarlos en la practica, ello evidencio la transformacion del modo de actuacion, la cultura y el desempeno profesional del docente de enfermeria.