Biofilm-mediated antimicrobial resistance remains a significant challenge for healthcare and patient safety. Currently, there are gaps in standardised methods for assessing antimicrobials against biofilm formations such as (1) assessment of initial bacterial attachment inhibition, as well as (2) assessment of antimicrobial compounds against both the external biofilm mass and biofilm-embedded metabolically active bacteria. The aim of this study is to address these gaps by combining several anti-biofilm techniques. In the procedure96-well anti-biofilm assessments were performed using plate well and lid peg growth surfaces so as to determine the effects of bioactive compounds (silver nitrate (AgNO3), nisin, chitosan and zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO)) on biofilm growth inhibition, formed biofilm reduction and bacterial attachment inhibition. These studies focused on the initial attachment stage against in vitro biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Effects were measured against biofilm mass using Crystal Violet (CV) staining, while embedded bacteria metabolic activity was measured using Resazurin. AgNO3 exhibited significant inhibition and reduction against P. aeruginosa at all stages of biofilm development (p < 0.0001). AgNO3 showed significant results against S. aureus during biofilm development and against the embedded, metabolically active population of established biofilms (p < 0.0001). Nisin showed significant inhibition against S. aureus biofilm populations (p < 0.0001). Chitosan showed significant increases in S. aureus biofilm formations following exposure, during initial attachment (p < 0.02), during biofilm growth (p < 0.0001) and against formed biofilm populations (p < 0.0001). ZnO showed significant increases during initial attachment exposure (p < 0.0001), but also exhibited growth inhibition (p < 0.0001) and biofilm reduction (p < 0.0001). Although variance in anti-biofilm efficacy was evident depending upon treatment used, Gram-staining phenotype and test growth surfaces, this combinational method offers potential for high throughput screening and for evaluating pipeline bioactives isolated from different environments for biofilm prevention, inhibition and removal. Additionally, this approach will help elucidate the relationship between bacteria of interest and biofilm mitigation.

In polymer science, particularly in flame retardant (FR) development, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has primarily been used to predict flame-retardant performance metrics, such as limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) rating, and peak heat release rate (PHRR), while its potential for discovering novel FR molecules remains largely unexplored. Meanwhile, predicting the effects of FRs on mechanical properties is also untapped. To address this, a generative AI-driven de novo molecular design strategy, GAI4FR, is introduced aimed at generating novel FR molecules for polylactic acid (PLA) with improved performance. A machine learning (ML) model is also trained to predict the fire-retardant performance, tensile strength (sigma t), and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the AI-generated FRs, ultimately leading to the discovery of a high-efficiency molecule, EDP. EDP was synthesized, and its AI-predicted performance metrics were successfully confirmed through experimental validation. This first-of-its-kind GAI4FR framework enables the discovery of FRs and establishes a foundation for the development of other advanced functional materials.

Adhesives are being used ubiquitously, such as automotive, building, electronics, and beyond. Due to the lack of rational design strategies, they have yet to achieve a performance portfolio: mechanically robust, highly adhesive, fire-retardant, switchable, and sustainable (e.g., biobased, reusable, biodegradable) to ensure their practical applications. Herein, a fire-retardant phosphorus-containing pimaric acid bio-derivative, AD, as functional segments, is rationally engineered to prepare biobased polyurethane (PU) adhesive that realizes such an integrated performance portfolio. Because of dynamic hydrogen-bonding and pi-pi stacking of polar AD, the as-prepared PU adhesive exhibits an ultrahigh adhesion force of 38.8 N cm-1. As-prepared adhesive can be readily reused benefiting from its good solubility in ethanol and exhibits temperature-responsive switchable adhesion without degraded adhesion. Also, the adhesive shows intrinsic fire retardance due to its biphasic modes of action. The labile ester bonds in the structure enable the adhesive to completely degrade in the presence of lipase or dilute acid. Further demonstration of its promising applications as an adhesive for nanocomposite heat dissipators shows superior dissipating efficiencies to commercial heat sinks. This work offers a novel design approach for creating next-generation sustainable high-performance adhesives with functional integration and circular life cycles, which are anticipated to find extensive real-world applications. By introducing a unique hard segment combining acrylic pimaric acid and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospaphenantrene-10-oxide, a robust, fire-retardant, switchable, and sustainable polyurethane adhesive is developed, demonstrating a superhigh adhesion force, a fully recovered adhesion using ethanol, an on-demand debonding ability, a dual-mode degradability and a self-extinguishing ability, holding great potential as next-generation functional sustainable adhesives. image

Thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomers have attracted significant attention because of their many important industrial applications. However, the creation of fire-retardant and anti-dripping PU elastomers has remained a grant challenge due to the lack of crosslinking and weak interchain interactions. Herein, we report a mechanically robust, biodegradable, fire-retardant, and anti-dripping biobased PU elastomer with excellent biodegradability using an abietic acid-based compound as hard segments and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) as soft segments, followed by physically crosslinking with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) through dynamic hydrogen-bonding. The resultant elastomer shows the balanced mechanical and fire-retardant properties, e.g., a tensile strength and break strain of 9.1 MPa and 560%, a self-extinguishing ability (V-0 rating in UL-94 testing), and an anti-dripping behavior. Moreover, the as-developed PU can be completely degraded in 1.0 wt.% lipase solution at 37 °C in 60 days, arising from the catalytic and wicking effect of CNC on PU chains. This work provides an innovative and versatile strategy for constructing robust, fire-retardant, anti-dripping, and biodegradable PU elastomers, which hold great promise for practical applications in electronic and automobile sectors.

Epoxy vitrimers represent a new class of high-performance sustainable resins because of their desired mechanical and thermally malleable properties. Unfortunately, existing epoxy vitrimers cannot self-heal at room temperature (R.T.) due to the trade-off between mechanical robustness, recyclability, and the 'frozen' state of vitrimer networks at R.T. Herein, a high-performance hyperbranched epoxy vitrimer (DCNC/50PEDA) via curing bis(2,3epoxypropyl) cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate (DCNC) with 50 wt% of a phosphorus/silicon-containing polyethyleneimine (PEDA) at R.T., and the key to this design lies in rationally integrating complementary dynamic non-covalent hydrogen-bonding and it-it stacking and covalent beta-hydroxy ester bonds into the high-mobility branched units of the DCNC/50PEDA network. This design endows the vitrimer with a room-temperature selfhealing efficiency up to 96.0%, high mechanical strength reaching 36.0 MPa, and desired closed-loop recyclability. Moreover, its strong adhesion to a variety of substrates and exceptional fire retardancy, e.g., a limiting oxygen index of 39.0% and a desired UL-94 V-0 rating, make it an outstanding fire-retardant coating for flammable substrates, such as wood. Such a performance portfolio enables DCNC/50PEDA to outperform existing self-healing polymer and vitrimers counterparts. This work establishes a promising complementary dynamic design protocol for creating self-healing, strong, recyclable, and fire-safe polymers by integrating dynamic noncovalent interactions and covalent bonds, which hold great real-world applications in industries, such as bulk materials, coatings, and adhesives.

It is critically important to maintain the body's thermal comfort for human beings in extremely cold environments. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF)-based aerogels represent a promising sustainable material for body's heat retention because of their renewability and low thermal conductivity. However, CNF-based aerogels often suffer high production costs due to expensive CNF, poor elasticity and/or unsatisfactory thermal insulation owing to improper microstructure design. Here, a facile dual-template strategy is reported to prepare a low-cost, hyperelastic, superhydrophobic Fuller-dome-structured CNF aerogel (CNF@PU) with low thermal conductivity. The combination of air template by foaming process and ice template enables the formation of a dome-like microstructure of CNF@PU aerogel, in which CNF serves as rope bars while inexpensive polyurethane (PU) acts as joints. The aerogel combines ultra-elasticity, low thermal conductivity (24 mW m-1 K-1), and low costs. The as-prepared CNF@PU aerogel demonstrates much better heat retention than commercial thermal retention fillers (e.g., Flannelette and goose down), promising its great commercial potential for massively producing warming garments. This work provides a facile approach for creating high-performance aerogels with tailored microstructure for effective personal thermal management.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a topic of great concern in recent years, with much effort being committed to developing alternative treatments for resistant bacterial pathogens. Drug combinational therapies have been a major area of research for several years, with modern iterations using combining well-established antibiotics and other antimicrobials with the aim of discovering complementary mechanisms. Previously, we characterised four GRAS antimicrobials that can withstand thermal polymer extrusion processes for novel medical device-based and therapeutic applications. In the present study, four antimicrobial bioactive-silver nitrate, nisin, chitosan and zinc oxide-were assessed for their potential combined use as an alternative synergistic treatment for AMR bacteria via a broth microdilution assay based on a checkerboard format. The bioactives were tested in arrangements of two-, three- and four-drug combinations, and their interactions were determined and expressed in terms of a synergy score. Results have revealed interesting interactions based on treatments against recognised test bacterial strains that cause human and animal infections, namely E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Silver nitrate was seen to greatly enhance the efficacy of its paired treatment. Combinations with nisin, which is a lantibiotic, exhibited the most interesting results, as nisin has no effect against Gram-negative bacteria when used alone; however, it demonstrated antimicrobial effects when combined with silver nitrate or chitosan. This study constitutes the first study to both report on practical three- and four-drug combinational assays and utilise these methods for the assessment of established and emerging antimicrobials. The novel methods and results presented in this study show the potential to explore previously unknown drug combination compatibility measures in an ease-of-use- and high-throughput-based format, which can greatly help future research that aims to identify appropriate alternative treatments for AMR, including the screening of potential new bioactives biorefined from various sources.

Renewable and biodegradable polylactide (PLA) has excellent mechanical strength but is highly flammable which restricts its practical applications. Many phosphorus/nitrogen (P/N)-based flame retardants are effective in PLA, but their high addition loading usually decreases the mechanical strength of the PLA bulk. For polyphosphoramides, despite high fire-retardant efficiency, their chemical synthesis often generates chemical wastes as byproducts. Herein, we report an atom-economic and highly efficient oligomeric P/N fire retardant (APN) prepared using a mild Michael addition polymerization with no byproducts. Using only 3 wt% APN, the resulting PLA exhibits desired fire retardancy including a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 37.6%. Furthermore, the toughness of the fire-retardant PLA increases by 85% compared to pure PLA, with both tensile strength and thermal stability preserved. This work offers an atom-economic strategy for synthesizing highly efficient P/N fire retardants for use in the creation of fire-resistant PLA with robust mechanical properties.

Tables S1-S5, Figures S1, S2 Supplementary Table S1. Summary of prior systemic cancer therapies in {greater than or equal to}2% of patients with prior cetuximab exposure Supplementary Table S2. Summary of prior systemic cancer therapies in {greater than or equal to}2% of patients without prior cetuximab exposure Supplementary Table S3. Summary of prior cetuximab-containing regimens in all treated patients Supplementary Table S4. Treatment-related adverse events by prior cetuximab exposure reported in {greater than or equal to}10% of patients in any subgroup Supplementary Table S5. Select treatment-related adverse events by prior cetuximab exposure Supplementary Figure S1. CONSORT diagram. Supplementary Figure S2. Best reduction from baseline in target lesions among patients treated with nivolumab.

Fabricating a high-performing thermoset using bio-based flame retardant is critical for the sustainable development of engineering materials with superior fire safety and robust mechanical properties. Herein, the epoxy (EP) composites with the industrial requirements are manufactured with a novel highefficient, lignin-based flame retardant named DAL- x , which is fabricated by grafting 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa10-phosphaze-10-oxide (DOPO) onto lignin. The resulting DAL- x /EP composite exhibits excellent flame retardancy with a desirable UL-94 V-0 rating and a satisfactory limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.8% due to the appropriate phosphorus content of DAL- x with adjustable molecular chain structure. Moreover, the DAL- x /EP composite shows an unexpected improvement in the elastic modulus ( & SIM;36%) and well-preserved strength and ductility compared with those of pure EP. This work offers a feasible strategy for creating efficient bio-based flame retardants utilizing industrial waste lignin and preparing highperformance EP composites that meet the demanding requirement of fire retardancy in industries, contributing to the circular economy and sustainability.& COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Cell-cell communication and physical interactions play a vital role in cancer initiation, homeostasis, progression, and immune response. Here, we report a system that combines live capture of different cell types, co-incubation, time-lapse imaging, and gene expression profiling of doublets using a microfluidic integrated fluidic circuit that enables measurement of physical distances between cells and the associated transcriptional profiles due to cell-cell interactions. We track the temporal variations in natural killer-triple-negative breast cancer cell distances and compare them with terminal cellular transcriptome profiles. The results show the time-bound activities of regulatory modules and allude to the existence of transcriptional memory. Our experimental and bioinformatic approaches serve as a proof of concept for interrogating live-cell interactions at doublet resolution. Together, our findings highlight the use of our approach across different cancers and cell types.

Cell-cell communication and physical interactions play a vital role in cancer initiation, homeostasis, progression, and immune response. Here, we report a system that combines live capture of different cell types, co-incubation, time-lapse imaging, and gene expression profiling of doublets using a microfluidic integrated fluidic circuit (IFC) that enables measurement of physical distances between cells and the associated transcriptional profiles due to cell-cell interactions. The temporal variations in natural killer (NK) - triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell distances were tracked and compared with terminally profiled cellular transcriptomes. The results showed the time-bound activities of regulatory modules and alluded to the existence of transcriptional memory. Our experimental and bioinformatic approaches serve as a proof of concept for interrogating live cell interactions at doublet resolution, which can be applied across different cancers and cell types.

Comparison of intratumor genetic heterogeneity in cancer at diagnosis and relapse suggests that chemotherapy induces bottleneck selection of subclonal genotypes. However, evolutionary events subsequent to chemotherapy could also explain changes in clonal dominance seen at relapse. We therefore investigated the mechanisms of selection in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) during induction chemotherapy where maximal cytoreduction occurs. To distinguish stochastic versus deterministic events, individual leukemias were transplanted into multiple xenografts and chemotherapy administered. Analyses of the immediate post-treatment leukemic residuum at single-cell resolution revealed that chemotherapy has little impact on genetic heterogeneity. Rather, it acts on extensive, previously unappreciated, transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity in BCP-ALL, dramatically reducing the spectrum of cell states represented, leaving a genetically polyclonal but phenotypically uniform population, with hallmark signatures relating to developmental stage, cell cycle and metabolism. Hence, canalization of the cell state accounts for a significant component of bottleneck selection during induction chemotherapy. Enver and colleagues report that epigenetic cell state, rather than genetic diversity, drives bottleneck selection of subclonal genotypes during induction chemotherapy in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognised globally as one of the greatest threats to human and animal health; thus, discovery of alternative antibacterial agents to address AMR is a priority challenge. This study constitutes the first report of a low-melting temperature, polymer- extrusion process for the smart delivery of thermally-sensitive antimicrobial bioactives, including generally-regarded-as-safe (GRAS) bioactives derived from various sources. Bioactives were assessed before and after extrusion by determining their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). WHO-priority AMR-bacterial isolates causing zoonotic infections were evaluated along with use of standard ATCC strains. Findings revealed that this copolymer method was capable of delivering thermally-sensitive bioactives with varying degrees of growth inhibition against the AMR-bacterial strains. The extrusion process was found to increase the effect of nisin against MRSA (4-fold increase) and L. monocytogenes (6.4-fold increase), silver nitrate (AgNO3) against E. coli (3.6-fold increase) and S. epidermidis (1.25-fold increase), and chitosan against S. aureus (1.25-fold). Findings show the potential applicability of this polymer extrusion process for developing future bioactive-loaded polymer compounds; thus, highlighting the potential of converging bio-based industry with novel materials for enabling 'One-Health' solutions.

Summary Free nicotine patches may promote pre‐operative smoking cessation. Smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes.day −1 ) awaiting non‐urgent surgery were randomly assigned (3:1) to an offer of free nicotine patches or a control group who were not offered free nicotine patches. The suggested regimen lasted 5 weeks, with patch strength decreasing incrementally after 3 and 4 weeks. The primary outcome was smoking abstinence for ≥ 4 weeks, as self‐reported by participants on the day of surgery, including, where possible, corroboration using exhaled carbon monoxide testing. Out of 600 included smokers, 447 (74.5%) were randomly assigned to an offer of pre‐operative nicotine patches, with 175 (39.1%) of these accepting the offer and 56 (12.5%) using patches for ≥ 3 weeks. Out of 396 participants offered nicotine patches who were included for analysis, 36 (9.1%) quit smoking for ≥ 4 weeks before surgery as compared with 8 (5.9%) controls, OR 1.5 [95% CI 0.7–3.2], p = 0.300. Sixty‐three (15.9%) quit smoking for 24 h before surgery as compared with 15 (11.1%) controls, OR 1.4 [95% CI 0.8–2.4], p = 0.200. Participants offered nicotine patches were more likely to engage in a cessation attempt lasting more than 24 h, 46 (11.6%) vs. 5 (3.7%), OR 3.4 [95% CI 1.8–8.8], p = 0.010. Out of 78 participants who quit smoking by the day of surgery and were followed up at 6 months, 46 (59%) had relapsed. Offering free nicotine patches stimulated interest in quitting compared with controls, but our protocol had limited effectiveness.

Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, is associated with ARDS. This constituted the first study to report on the variability in physicochemical properties of β-glucans extracts from the same edible mushroom Lentinus edodes on the reduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Specifically, the impact on the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of our novel in 'house' (IH-Lentinan, IHL) and a commercial (Carbosynth-Lentinan, CL) Lentinan extract were investigated using in vitro models of lung injury and macrophage phagocytosis. CL comprised higher amounts of α-glucans and correspondingly less β-glucans. The two lentinan extracts demonstrated varying immunomodulatory activities. Both Lentinan extracts reduced cytokine-induced NF-κB activation in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, with the IHL extract proving more effective at lower doses. In contrast, in activated THP-1 derived macrophages, the CL extract more effectively attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, IL-22) as well as TGF-β and IL-10. The CL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis, while the IHL extract attenuated late apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate significant physicochemical differences between Lentinan extracts, which produce differential in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects that may also have positive relevance to candidate COVID-19 therapeutics targeting cytokine storm.

Medical devices provide critical care and diagnostic applications through patient contact. Sterility assurance level (SAL) may be defined as the probability of a single viable micro‐organism occurring on an item after a sterilization process. Sterilization microbiology often relies upon using an overkill validation method where a 12‐log reduction in recalcitrant bacterial endospore population occurs during the process that exploits conventional laboratory‐based culture media for enumeration. This timely review explores key assumptions underpinning use of conventional culture‐based methods in sterilization microbiology. Consideration is given to how such methods may limit the ability to fully appreciate the inactivation kinetics of a sterilization process such as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization, and consequently design efficient sterilization processes. Specific use of the real‐time flow cytometry (FCM) is described by way of elucidating the practical relevance of these limitation factors with implications and opportunities for the sterilization industry discussed. Application of FCM to address these culture‐based limitation factors will inform real‐time kinetic inactivation modelling and unlock potential to embrace emerging opportunities for pharma, medical device and sterilization industries including potentially disruptive applications that may involve reduced usage of sterilant.

There has been growing interest in exploiting microalgae as a natural process for low cost wastewater treatment and for water quality control and remediation in aquaculture. This constitutes the first study to report on a strong relationship between use of sophisticated wet-laboratory flow cytometry equipment and in-field AlgaeTorch® technologies for determining microalgae and bacteria population dynamics in a freshwater pill-pond aquaculture farm over a 10-month monitoring period producing Eurasian Perch, Perca fluviatilis, in the Republic of Ireland. Nitrate levels and temperature were the most significant factors influencing microalgae numbers in rearing and treatment ponds as determined by Principle Component Analysis. Variance in climate, namely drought conditions that occurred during monitoring period, did not affect microalgae or microbial numbers. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta were the most dominant algal divisions observed in this recirculating aquaculture system, many of these are recognized as a natural source of beneficial prebiotics for fish. Determining baseline microalgal profiles in rearing water, followed by elucidating physicochemical parameters governing wastewater treatment performance, can inform future intensification and diversification of freshwater aquaculture by exploiting and replicating knowledge of favourable algal-microbial ecosystems. Furthermore, holistic datasets can be utilised for smart agriculture by way of informing management tools for future remote monitoring and decision-making by producers.

Background Understanding the genetic heterogeneity of circulating immune and tumors cells at single-cell resolution will enable one to decipher the interplay between cancer and immune cells, and ultimately lead to better design of immunotherapy assays. Marker-free methods for isolation of cells are attractive because they provide an opportunity to analyze a larger set of these cells that may otherwise be missed due to variable or no expression of protein (marker) markers. Integration of the Biolidics ClearCell® FX System and the Fluidigm® Polaris™ system enabled us not only to develop a marker-free workflow to isolate immune and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) but also to seamlessly prepare amplified cDNA from immune and CTCs for full-length mRNA-seq analysis. Method and Results The ClearCell FX System processes blood samples and isolates CTCs in a marker-free manner. During the CTC isolation process the immune cells are separated from CTCs on the microfluidic device. To differentiate larger blood cells from CTCs, we stained the enriched cells with Alexa Fluor® 647-conjugated CD45 and CD31 to identify leukocytes and endothelial cells, respectively. Calcein AM (live cell marker) and CellTracker™ Orange (universal cell marker) were added to identify live cells. Different enrichment strategies on Polaris allowed us to either specifically select for CTCs (live+, universal cell marker+, CD45-, CD31-) or immune cells (live+, universal cell marker+, CD45+). The enriched cells were then lysed, mRNA were reverse-transcribed, and cDNA were preamplified on a Polaris integrated fluidic circuit (IFC). Sequencing libraries were generated (off-IFC) using the Nextera® XT DNA library prep protocol and sequenced on Illumina® MiSeq™ systems. We successfully profiled full-length mRNA of 81 CTCs from stage III and IV subjects. Based on hormone receptor status, these six subjects were categorized as three types: (1) ER-/PR-/HER2- (triple-negative breast cancer; n=1), (2) ER+/PR+/HER2- (n=3), and (3) ER+/PR+/HER2- (n=2). For immune cell comparative analysis, we included CD45+ (FACS-sorted) from healthy donor. Unsupervised hierarchal clustering of gene expression data showed clustering by subject with a unique set of genes expressed by triple-negative breast cancer only. Heterogeneity was noted in immune cells from subjects at baseline (pretreatment), under treatment with drugs and a healthy subject without cancer. Using TraCeR computational method, we successfully reconstructed full-length, paired T cell receptor (TCR) sequences from CD45+ single-cell RNA sequence data from breast cancer subjects. Conclusion We present the feasibility of integrating two microfluidics platforms to isolate circulating immune and tumor cells for transcriptome and functional study. Our data suggests that the heterogeneity of immune and cancer cells can be elucidated from single-cell mRNA sequencing data and full-length, paired T cell receptor sequences can be reconstructed from immune cells of breast cancer subjects. Citation Format: Naveen Ramalingam, Yifang Lee, Lukasz Szpankowski, Anne Leyrat, Brian Fowler, Ninez Delos Angeles, Chad Sanada, Andrew Wu, Yoon Sim Yap, Jay West, Ali Asgar Bhagat, Kyle Hukari, Mark Lynch, David King. Full-Length mRNA transcriptome analysis of matched circulating tumor and immune cells from breast cancer subjects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-326.