Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the relevance and application of green communication in management of the risks associated with moral outrage inducing crises. The study aims to identify how green communication mitigates both crisis risks and moral outrage. Additionally, the research discusses ethical and unethical green communication practices in the context of their impact on relationships between organizations and stakeholders during the crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study is designed as exploratory research. Available English-language journal articles and conference proceedings have been examined to investigate the role of green communications in crisis response contexts. The application of the search criteria and initial filtering yielded a total of 139 publications for further analysis. Following a detailed review and subsequent filtering, the final sample of 66 unique cases has been selected and analyzed in the context of Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Findings The systematic review and document analysis indicated multitude of significances of green communications in the context of the updated Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Moreover, a novel phenomenon has been identified: greenbleaching is exaggerated or fabricated usage of green communication to mitigate risks in the organizational crises caused by ESG-unrelated factors or events. Originality/value This study offers greenbleaching as a novel concept. Moreover, this is the first research that examines unethical green communication in the context of moral outrage inducing crises. Insights for researchers and practitioners regarding sustainability communication, green communication, and crisis communication ethics are also incorporated.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted project implementation costs and caused delays across numerous industries. Various analysis found in the literature show that the predominant cause of project delays and higher costs have been people, material, and equipment movement restrictions, supply chain disruptions, and social distancing policies. The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously disrupted international supply chains in a variety of sectors. Many variables, including travel restrictions, labor shortages, lockdown procedures, and a spike in demand for medical supplies and equipment, were the main causes of the interruptions. To confirm this assumption, a comprehensive study was conducted to understand whether these factors affected project delays and cost overruns. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the significance and the volume of the effects of specific factors on project delays and rising project costs. Contrary to the previous understanding, we found that only a few factors or project risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have an effect. The findings show that only those risk factors related to material supply and epidemic prevention methods that the company was requested to implement inside the company had the influence on the delays in project implementation, while other risk factors had no major effects on a project schedule. Additionally, it has been found that only risks associated with rising costs of material supply affected the rising costs of projects during the COVID-19 pandemic, while other project risk factors had no influence. These findings can be valuable for developing risk mitigation strategies that will enable a smooth implementation of projects during similar events and long-term disruptions.

The aim of this paper is to examine the flow and evolution of the communication crises in a digital space, how different crisis response approaches contributed to the escalation and suppression of the crisis, and how communicating of post-crisis organizational and policy changes contributed to the image restoration. The crisis evolution and flow have been investigated through the document analysis, based on the publicly available sources related to the exemplary critical situation – Flight 3411 incident. The textual analysis, which is the prevalent and primary method of analysis in image repair and image restoration studies, has been used to analyze both crisis and post-crisis situation. Reactive approach to communication contribute to the quick evolution of the crisis. Denial responses in the early crisis stage contribute to spreading out the crisis. Changing communication approach from reactive to proactive and from denial to rebuilding (Coombs, 2007) may contribute to the crisis suppression and risk mitigation. Consistent communicating of the policy changes in the aftermath of the crisis may contribute to rebuilding the organizational image. This paper is among the rare contributions analyzing mechanisms of the crisis evolution, including transformation of a paracrisis into crisis. Moreover, it depicts the role of post-crisis communications in the organizational image restoration in the digital era. The paper provides an overview how changes of the communications approach affect the flow of the crisis and offers conclusions useful both for theoretical and practical considerations of the paracrises, crisis communications and post-crisis communications.

The present exploratory study adopts the case of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, as it is particularly illustrative of the climacteric impact of technology on past social and societal conflicts. The latter will be achieved through a systematic review of literature which examines the different ways through which social media was used, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change with regards to the Egyptian Revolution. The research problem aims to examine the different ways through which social media was used during the Egyptian Uprising, as well as the impact it had on facilitating social change. It caters to a discovery-oriented decision problem and focuses on revealing how social media influences social change while shedding light particularly on the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and the implications social media carried towards it. The conducted exploratory study adequately demonstrates that social media is found to have an undeniable influence on social change, especially as it has been adopted across various phases of the uprising, including its utilization for the initial formation of communities, as well as for promoting the collective movement. Findings of this study will be of great value to future academic studies, as it serves to depict social media as a mechanism of information dissemination in the Arab and/or non-Arab world, whilst correlating to the varied utilities of social media during times of crises and the impact it had on facilitating social change.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are carriers of the economic development on local, regional, and national level. With high levels of flexibility, agility and adaptability, small and medium enterprises have the ability to transform and embrace new emerging technologies and opportunities. In the Industry 4.0 world, characterized by the intensive development and integration of digital solutions into all levels of operations, SMEs are among early adopters of such solutions. The purpose of the paper is to examine how small and medium enterprises in the Middle East are increasing their competitiveness, using innovative digital and e-business solutions as key transformative tools. Within the research, a systematic review of support ecosystem for development of the sector in the Middle East has been performed. Based on the systematic review and literature findings, the 5I framework, consisting of internationalization, innovation, integration, implementation, and intensifying, has been suggested as the model for transformative development of small and medium enterprises.In the future research, it is possible to examine how fast-growing economies that create supportive environment for the development of small and medium enterprises, simultaneously recognizing digital and e - business solutions as important pillar of increasing competitiveness and innovativeness, might benefit from successful implementation of 5I framework for successful global transformation.

Innovation is crucial for the competitiveness of countries in the global market. Countries oriented to progress must invest in innovative activities. Using the example of the Western Balkan countries, this study investigated their innovative competitiveness. The indicators of the Global Innovation Index (GII) were used for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. A multi-criteria approach was based on the innovative SMART approach. The weights of the criteria were determined using the CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) method, while the CRADIS (compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution) method ranked the Western Balkan countries according to their innovative characteristics. The results showed that Montenegro had the best innovation indicators, followed by Serbia, while Albania had the worst indicators. This research showed an innovative approach of using four normalizations, and the advantages of these normalizations were used to contribute to stabilization in multi-criteria decision-making.

CHD triad – capitalism, human and digitalization is considered as critically important aspect of the inflow of foreign direct investments. Synergy of systemic, human, and technological factors established within CHD triad redefined the pattern of foreign direct investments. Nowadays, they are not created solely by the international investors, but rather developed in interaction of the investors with governments and the local population. Knowing the ability of fake news to influence human attitudes and behavior, the aim of the research was to analyze whether fake news can annulate the positive impact of three key aspects of CHD triad and negatively influence the efforts of the countries related to the FDI attraction. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the existence of key elements of CHD triad, as well as existence and impact of the fake news, were analyzed on the sample of the European countries with the above average percentage of FDI contribution to their total gross domestic product. Based on the document analysis, it has not been identified that fake news has relevant impact on the FDIs inflow, if all pillars of CHD triad are at place within the country that attempts to attract foreign direct investments.

The Covid 19 pandemic has led to long-term disruption in the supply chain. Therefore, refocusing on the supplier selection process was a logical sequence. The new approach of viable suppliers appears as a solution to long-term disruption. This research aims to determine the importance of criteria in selecting suppliers within the Viable supplier framework. Based on the questionnaire, the opinion of companies with different profiles on the importance of the viable suppliers' criteria was collected. The ranking of the importance of the criteria in selecting viable suppliers was done with the IMF SWARA (Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method. Based on the analysis, the criteria were ranked and the most important criterion is the Finance criterion. The findings can be a valuable basis for making public policies that will support project organizations to survive the long-term disruption of supply chains. The core contribution of this paper is about determining the importance of criteria in the selection of viable suppliers as a new approach to their selection. A significant amount of research has been done in the field of choosing sustainable suppliers, but this is one of the first works related to defining the significance of the criteria of viable suppliers using the MDCM method, which represents the novelty of this paper.

Purpose The concept of social media crisis has been consequently replaced by the term “paracrisis”. However, the economic implications of the paracrises have not been thoroughly researched by now. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential influence of paracrisis on companies’ stock price values. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data analysis has been conducted to identify paracrises for the publicly listed companies and verify that there were no other market events that could affect the stock price during the observed period. Quantitative data analysis has been conducted using the event study, observing stock price values before and during the paracrisis, and the relationship between stock price oscillations and S&P 500 trends was tested. Findings There were no significant differences in stock price values before and during the paracrisis. Additionally, a strong correlation between S&P 500 and stock price trends has been found. Findings indicate that paracrises do not significantly impact the stock price behaviour and they should be considered as an irrelevant market event from the stock price point of view. Originality/value This study is the first research that examines the stock price paracrisis interdependence.

Objective – This review paper discusses the emergence of scholarly articles related to the typology and classification of fake news and offers solutions for identified gaps, such as unstandardized terminology and unstandardized typology in the field of fake news-related research. Typology of fake news is a critical topic nowadays: recently emerged fake news needs to be categorized and analyzed in a structured manner in order to respond appropriately.Methodology/Technique – Based on the systematic review of literature identified in scientific databases, different typologies of fake news have been identified and a new typology of business-related fake news online has been proposed. New typology of business-related fake news online is based on factors such as level of facticity, intention to deceive and financial motivation.Findings and novelty – Content analysis of 326 articles containing terms related to the typology of fake news and classification of fake news indicates that the term “typology of fake news” is predominantly used in management, marketing and communications research, while the term “classification of fake news” is predominantly used in the information technology research. The content analysis also indicates the recent emergence of the topic of typology and classification of fake news in academic research, revealing that all articles related to these topics have been published on or after 2016. In addition to the contribution by presenting comprehensive typology of business-related fake news online, this paper also provides recommendations for future research and improvements related to the typology of fake news, emphasizing business-related fake news and fake news spread in the digital space. Type of Paper: ReviewJEL Classification: M31, M39.Keywords: Fake News; Crisis Communications; Online Communications; Digital Marketing; Management Research; Marketing ResearchReference to this paper should be made as follows: Selakovic, M; Tarabasz, A; Gallant, M. (2020). Typology of Business-Related Fake News Online: A Literature Review, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review 5(4) 234 – 243. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.4(5)

U okviru ovog preglednog rada sagledani su trendovi i literaturna polazišta u kontekstu upravljanja inovacijama u savremenom okruženju. Analizirano je značenje pojmova invencija i inovacija u aktuelnom trenutku, kao i pojam inovativnosti organizacija. Sagledani su putevi upravljanja procesom transformacije invencija u inovacije, kako se upravlja inovacijama u kontekstu upravljanja promenama. Dat je i osvrt na različite metode poboljšanja invencijskih i inovacijskih procesa u savremenim organizacijama. Zaključeno je da inovacije predstavljaju jedan od ključnih aspekata ostvarivanja prednosti organizacija. Identifikovane su ključne razlike između pojma invencija i inovacija, kao i između upravljanja invencijama i upravljanja inovacijama. Proces transformacije invencija u inovacije identifikovan je kao kritični izazov u upravljanju organizacijskim razvojem i promenama. U okviru zaključaka rada ukazano je na buduće pravce razvoja inovativnih organizacija, kao i na potrebu da upravljanje inovacijama i upravljanje promenama budu bazirani na organizacijskom znanju. Izložen je predlog sistema i struktura koje se u savremenim organizacijama mogu koristiti za efikasno upravljanje inovacijama, i identifikovane oblasti koje daju mogućnosti za dalji naučno-istraživački rad usmeren ka istraživanju ove teme.

Objective: The goal of the article is to discuss and elaborate on the skillset required in education of managers and entrepreneurs to face challenges of their future positions. Research Design & Methods: The article is of a descriptive character, based on literature review and its constructive criticism. It presents a case study of S P Jain School of Global Management in Dubai/Mumbai/Singapore/Sydney and experts' insights. Findings: The classroom of the future, based on idea of design thinking lab, equipped with the most modern solutions of Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR, AR), interactive detachable workstations, shareable smartboards and interactive video display walls, seems to be the passport to success in the digital world. Immersive interaction with AI, ubiquitous computing and technology exposure prepare contemporary business students for future working space, encompassing a variety of problems to be solved, allowing to attain new skills and a smooth transit from education to a desired job or entrepreneurship practice. Implications & Recommendations: The creation of 'future ready' graduates requires an innovative mindset and agility to evolve and adapt continuously, with simultaneous focus on disruptive innovation through digital transformation. Incorporating latest digital technologies and innovations into the learning environment seems to be competitive advantage and the key to success on education market. Contribution & Value Added: The article in subsequent chapters lists the awaited skills of future entrepreneurs and managers, indicates available solutions and technologies to boost classroom experience and gives a practical example of technology use. Moreover, it indicates transformation pathway for business schools to embrace challenges of the future labour market and equip their graduates with hands-on experience and required skills.

The goal of this study is to identify what motivates employees working in the public sector in a society of post-socialist transformation. The research participants included 455 employees of different educational and professional backgrounds in Serbia, a country which is going through the process of the post-socialist transformation. A survey method was used. According to the findings, employees working in the public sector in the society of post-socialist transformation are mostly motivated by extrinsic rewards. Among 15 motivators, the majority of respondents said that the most important motivator if high salary. In the second position, they placed promotion and in the third they placed "better health insurance". The study also indicated that demographic characteristics like gender, educational level, managerial level, etc. influence work motivation of Serbian employees. The results of this study should provide useful guidelines to managers while creating motivation strategies for employees in public sector in the society of post-socialist transformation.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between internal communications and corporate volunteering in order to better understand how companies promote volunteerism among employees.According to Aguilera et al. (2007), volunteerism can be promoted by directly communicating about such programmes, as well as indirectly communicating to employees on organizational purpose, strategy and values.A survey has been conducted with employees of three multinational companies, and data were analysed to comprehend the relationship between employee understanding of their company's organizational purpose, CSR strategy and employee participation in both structured volunteering programmes and out-of-work volunteering.The authors concluded that management of internal communications has an impact on aligning employees' perception of the company's organizational purpose with its CSR strategy and in prompting them to actively take part in employee volunteering programmes.The research conducted proves the interdependence between internal communications and corporate volunteering: when the internal communications were effective, there were higher volunteering engagement rates and a more positive organizational image.In addition, the research provides an understanding of the state of corporate volunteering and its relationship with internal communications in a country which could be described as an emerging market both from the point-of-view of local approaches to CSR as well as its economic status.Findings have been used to identify how companies can better align their organizational purpose and CSR strategy via internal communications in order to better promote volunteering programmes amongst staff.