Crises financières, pandémies, changements climatiques, tensions politiques et difficultés d’approvisionnement sont quelques-uns des défis auxquels font face aujourd’hui les entreprises. Cette situation est encore plus frappante dans les organisations du secteur public (OSP), qui doivent répondre aux attentes grandissantes de l’ensemble des acteurs de la société. Pour fournir des services adéquats dans un environnement de plus en plus exigeant, les OSP doivent continuellement se réinventer et innover.

Le déploiement d’initiatives d’innovation ouverte représente, pour tous types d’organisations et plus particulièrement pour les organisations du secteur public (OSP), une aventure risquée et exigeante. La présente étude a identifié 17 défis, regroupés dans quatre catégories, liés au déploiement d’IO : 1) Collaboration inter-organisationnelle, 2) Processus d’innovation, 3) Implication des citoyens et 4) Données et technologies, ainsi que 18 bonnes pratiques/actions organisationnelles permettant d’augmenter les probabilités de succès. Finalement, deux études de cas, PULSAR et Cité de l’innovation et des savoirs Aix-Marseille (CISAM) , ont été réalisées, afin de mieux comprendre comment ces pratiques peuvent répondre aux défis, tout en en favorisant la création de valeur lors du cycle d'innovation.

Review papers are essential for knowledge development in Information Systems. While some are cited twice a day, others accumulate single digit citations over a decade. The magnitude of these differences prompts us to analyze what distinguishes those reviews that have proven to be integral to scientific progress from those that might be considered less impactful. Our results highlight differences between reviews aimed at describing, understanding, explaining, and theory testing. Beyond the control variables, they demonstrate the importance of methodological transparency and the development of research agendas. These insights inform all stakeholders involved in the development and publication of review papers.

Over the last decade, cities around the world have embraced the open data movement by launching open data portals. To successfully derive benefits from these initiatives, various individual and organizational actors need to engage with them. These actors undertake activities supporting data publication and dissemination in open data ecosystems. In this paper, we focus on enhancing the IS community's contribution to the open data movement by conducting a longitudinal, qualitative archival analysis of open data initiatives in three Canadian cities: Edmonton, Toronto, and Montreal. Combining two complementary models of open data and information ecosystems, we explore how actors engage in and across the sustainability, political, and administrative spheres to influence open data initiatives. Our findings suggest most actors operate in a single sphere but that some can operate across two or all three spheres to become ecosystem anchors. Through these sphere-spanning efforts, ecosystem anchors help to shape the way in which open data initiatives evolve. We provide a theoretically grounded explanation of processes in successful open data initiatives and suggest new directions for practice.

Design thinking (DT) has found its way into software engineering, promising better requirements elicitation, customer relations, and cohesion within the development team. We report on Proaction Technologies' migration toward DT and evaluate the process through interviews with employees and clients.

Public sector organizations (PSOs) are facing important structural, financial, environmental, and technological pressures. To adapt and respond to this complex and changing environment, PSOs need to deploy new innovative and collaborative approaches to capture and capitalize on specialized knowledge coming from a wider number of contributors. Open innovation (OI) is one such promising approach. Drawing on a dynamic capabilities perspective and based on an analysis of 100 case study reports of OI initiatives, we identified 16 key organizational actions deployed by PSOs to implement OI initiatives. Data analysis showed that PSOs’ dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing and transforming are enacted and collectively used to engage in OI initiatives through these 16 organizational actions. In virtually all of these organizational actions, information technology (IT) plays a key role either as a central support tool or as an outcome.

Many open source software (OSS) products today are market leaders, 1 which suggests that the development of OSS is key to the growth of the software industry. OSS projects increasingly tend to be incorporated in large-scale projects or "software ecosystems" to reduce effort and accelerate innovation.

In recent years, various models and indexes have been proposed to evaluate and rate the performance of open data initiatives. However, little research examines cities’ open data initiatives in relation to these indexes and how cities achieve open data success. Through an exploratory case study of Edmonton, Canada’s top ranked open data city, this research sheds light on the mechanisms contributing to top-rated and successful open data initiatives. Our findings reveal current open data indexes emphasize publication of data sets over the measurement of impact. The case study suggests that to be successful, cities should approach open data as a continuing journey and must actively engage other stakeholders, particularly intermediaries and citizens. Finally, we observe that common myths constructed around open data help promote open data at a strategic level, but must be viewed skeptically at the operational level.

The central role of information systems review articles has been recognised in a recent explosion of interest in editorials, research articles, and opinion papers investigating methods and approaches for conducting standalone reviews. In continuity with recent developments in this area, this descriptive review seeks to determine the extent to which various types of review articles published in our field are transparent, i.e., they report important methodological elements about their design. To fulfil this objective, we identified, classified, and coded 142 review articles from the Association for Information Systems (AIS) senior scholars' basket of journals published between 2000 and 2014. Overall, our findings indicate inadequate reporting of the methods, procedures, and techniques used in a majority of reviews. Our assessment also reveals that theory development and narrative reviews, which are the most frequently published types of reviews in our field, generally were the least explicit with regard to the methods they used. Based on our observations, we recommend that authors of all forms of reviews better document design decisions so to increase trustworthiness, get meaningful results, and develop a cumulative body of knowledge in our discipline. The list of reporting items developed in this study can serve as a framework to assist prospective authors of reviews both within and outside our field.

Given that the synthesis of cumulated knowledge is an essential condition for any field to grow and develop, we believe that the enhanced role of IS reviews requires that this expository form be given careful scrutiny. Over the past decade, several senior scholars have made calls for more review papers in our field. While the number of IS review papers has substantially increased in recent years, no prior research has attempted to develop a general framework to conduct and evaluate the rigor of standalone reviews. In this paper, we fill this gap. More precisely, we present a set of guidelines for guiding and evaluating IS literature reviews and specify to which review types they apply. To do so, we first distinguish between four broad categories of review papers and then propose a set of guidelines that are grouped according to the generic phases and steps of the review process. We hope our work will serve as a valuable source for those conducting, evaluating, and/or interpreting reviews in our field.

The ranking-type Delphi method is well suited as a means for consensus-building by using a series of questionnaires to collect data from a panel of geographically dispersed participants. This method allows a group of experts to systematically approach a particular task or problem. While information systems researchers have been using this method for almost three decades, no research to date has attempted to assess the extent to which Delphi studies have been rigorously conducted. Using the guidelines that have been prescribed by the leading Delphi methodologists, our descriptive review reveals many positive signs of rigor such as ensuring the anonymity of experts and providing clear and precise instructions to participants. Nevertheless, there are still several areas for improvement, such as reporting response and retention rates, instrument pretesting, and explicitly justifying modifications to the ranking-type Delphi method.

We investigated the effects of the introduction of mobile computing on the quality of home care nursing practice in Québec. The software, which structured and organized the nursing activities in patients' homes, was installed sequentially in nine community health centres. The completeness of the nursing notes was compared in 77 paper records (pre-implementation) and 73 electronic records (post-implementation). Overall, the introduction of the software was associated with an improvement in the completeness of the nursing notes. All 137 nurse users were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. A total of 101 completed questionnaires were returned (74% response rate). Overall, the nurses reported a very high level of satisfaction with the quality of clinical information collected. A total of 57 semi-structured interviews were conducted and most nurses believed that the new software represented a user-friendly tool with a clear and understandable structure. A postal questionnaire was sent to approximately 1240 patients. A total of 223 patients returned the questionnaire (approximately 18% response rate). Overall, patients felt that the use of mobile computing during home visits allowed nurses to manage their health condition better and, hence, provide superior care services. The use of mobile computing had positive and significant effects on the quality of care provided by home nurses.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects associated with use of a new mobile technology on the quality of home care provided by the nurses of nine ambulatory care units. The core of the intervention consists of software that optimizes the process used to structure nursing activities taking place in patients' homes. Several tools were used to collect and triangulate the data: (1) interviews, (2) questionnaires, and (3) nursing notes in patient records. Our results suggest that the use of the mobile solution resulted in more complete nursing notes in the patient records. The fact that information on the patients' states of health and their medical histories could now be consulted by all the nurses allowed for better client monitoring and more continuous care. According to the patients themselves, the nurses' use of the software significantly improved the quality of care received. In conclusion, our results show that, much like hospital care, the home care sector can benefit from mobile technologies, particularly in terms of the quality of nursing care provided.

Offshoring can reduce the production cost of an activity. Yet, at the same time, because of the distance between the parties involved in the activity, it can generate management costs. This study proposes a model of the main drivers of the effort required to manage offshore activities. The model was developed from both the literature and the analysis of interviews conducted in 12 offshore information technology (IT) service providers. The model posits that distance plays an important role in the determination of the effort level. However, in addition to cultural and geographic distances, a more complex notion, labeled “perceived distance,” is posited to play an important role. The model also proposes that IT affects the effort to manage an offshore activity by facilitating formalization of the information exchanged and moderating the impact of geographic distance on the effort required.