BackgroundRadical cystectomy (RC) is a complex uro‐oncology surgical procedure with high surgical morbidity. We report on outcomes following RC for bladder cancer using a population‐based cohort of patients.MethodsPatients receiving an RC from 2002 to 2016 were included and linked to their cancer‐related surgical procedures. Hospitals were categorized as high (>7 RCs/year) and low (≤7 RCs/year). Outcomes included 30‐ and 90‐day mortalities and 2‐year overall survival (OS). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with the outcomes of interest. OS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier survival function.ResultsDuring the 15‐year study period, 1230 patients underwent an RC for invasive bladder cancer. In‐hospital mortality was 1.1%, and 30‐ and 90‐day mortality was 1.4% and 2.9%, respectively. Both 30‐ and 90‐day mortalities were significantly higher for older versus younger patients (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), and lymph node involvement was significantly associated with 90‐day mortality (P = 0.002). Patients treated more recently were about 80% less likely to die within 90 days. The 2‐year OS was 71.5%, with significant improvements observed over time (P < 0.001). While we found no evidence of a hospital‐volume relationship for post‐operative mortality or survival, patients treated in low‐volume compared to high‐volume hospitals were more likely to have surgical margin involvement (10.9% versus 7.1%, respectively, P = 0.03).ConclusionWe observed low post‐operative mortality rates overall, with rates decreasing significantly over time. Some subgroups of patients experience poorer post‐operative outcomes. Reporting on post‐operative outcomes, and survival over time helps monitor clinical progress and identify areas for improvement.

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to describe perioperative, oncological and learning curve outcomes for robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) across the first 100 cases performed by an Australian high-volume, fellowship-trained robotic surgeon.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was performed on a consecutive group of 100 patients who underwent RARC between 2010 and 2016 in Brisbane, Australia. Perioperative, oncological and survival data were collected. Demographic, survival and learning curve analyses were performed in MedCalc.RESULTS:A total of 100 patients underwent RARC over the study period. Median operative time was 389 min, with a reduction in median times from 420 to 330 min when comparing the first 50 versus the second 50 patients (P < 0.001). Median estimated blood loss was 500 mL, while urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally in 20 patients, intracorporeally in 69 patients and using a hybrid technique in 11 patients. Median length of hospital stay was 11 days. Post-operative complications occurred in 56% of patients (Clavien-Dindo classification I-II 32%, III-V 24%). Positive operative margins were 2% and median lymph node yield was 21 nodes. Overall recurrence-free survival was 50.3 months.CONCLUSION:Initial short-term experience with RARC shows favourable outcomes with regard to operative, perioperative and pathological indicators compared to open radical cystectomy and other RARC series.

BACKGROUND:Crohn's disease (CD) in association with obesity is becoming an increasing issue in Australia and worldwide. This report looks at outcomes for patients with CD undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.METHODS:This is a retrospective analysis of our database of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2007 to 2016. Patients with concurrent CD were included.RESULTS:Eight patients with CD underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with a mean preoperative body mass index of 43.8. There were no identified intraoperative or post-operative complications. The mean excess weight loss was 55.7% and 56.5% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively.CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can be achieved in CD patients. No complications and effective weight loss was observed in the eight reported patients.

A 24-year-old male was referred to a tertiary hospital for a possible prostatic abscess. The patient went into acute urinary retention. Transurethral drainage was performed. MRI pelvis three days post-operatively identified the prostatic cystic structure as a müllerian duct cyst. Several other phenotypical features were noted on examination as well as findings on investigations. From these diagnosis of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) gene deletion was made.

stones. Other studies have demonstrated similar rates of ESWL related haemorrhage ranging from 0.08 to 0.72. To our knowledge, there have been three case reports of death post-ESWL. A 76-year-old male developed a shock syndrome with massive haemorrhage around the right kidney 5 days post-ESWL. He had received 3000 shocks at a rate of 100/min, intensity stage 4 and had received two treatments within 6 days. The treating team were unable to control bleeding despite nephrectomy and the patient subsequently died. Autopsy revealed massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage around the right kidney, with a subcapsular haematoma and rupture of the capsule, dissection of the right renal artery and the laceration of the inferior vena cava. In this case warfarin therapy had been resumed 3 days after ESWL. In 2008, a report on a 71-year-old female who died of intraparenchymal renal haemorrhage and rupture of the renal capsule 11 h after ESWL was made. She had had ESWL 6 months earlier without complication. However, in this case, aspirin and clopidogrel had only been stopped 2 days prior to treatment, and the authors also noted that this patient possessed a large number of the implicated risk factors for haemorrhage post-ESWL. Another case report describes a 79-year-old female who died 23 h post-ESWL because of the rupture of a small vein in the perirenal adipose capsule, without evidence of damage to the larger renal vessels. This patient had undergone ESWL 11 years prior without complication. Established risk factors for bleeding post-ESWL include hypertension, coagulopathies, diabetes, old age, coronary artery disease and obesity, none of which were present in our patient.