BACKGROUND:The Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto e Ambientali (GIRDCA) resolved to obtain the most relevant data regarding contact dermatitis (CD) in Italy by means of a multicenter epidemiological study, involving research units (RU) throughout the country. The survey was performed with the collaboration of Generale Per l'Informatica, Rome (GEPIN) over the periods 1984 to 1988 and 1989 to 1993. The analytical study (of a transverse kind) was aimed at supplying prevalence measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The number of subjects taking part in the survey was 42,839. All patients underwent patch testing with the GIRDCA standard series and were included in the survey only if the final diagnosis was either CD or eczematous dermatitis caused by contact. The main anamnestic, clinical data, and allergological test results of all patients were codified into a chart, and subsequently transcribed into a data bank. The data were then processed cumulatively and were statistically analysed by a chi-square for trend test. RESULTS:The four most frequent diagnoses (which, when considered together, make up 39,496 cases, or about 92% of all cases) proved to be nonoccupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), nonoccupational irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), occupational ACD, and occupational ICD. The haptens most frequently causing positive reactions in the total number of cases over the first 5 years were, in order of frequency: nickel sulphate, potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, and, in the second 5-year period, nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride, potassium dichromate, fragrance mix, and thimerosal. Occupational CD (ACD and ICD) was present in 11,694 cases overall, corresponding to approximately 27% of the total number of cases examined, and approximately 29% of all CD (including forms of nonoccupational CD). Regarding distribution by sex, a substantial equivalence of males and females for ACD, and a prevalence of females with ICD can be observed. Five occupations were reputed to be responsible for over 60% of total cases of occupational CD (housewives, bricklayers, workers in the metallurgic and mechanical industries, hairdressers, and healthcare personnel). Regarding the pathogenesis, a clearly dominant percentage of ACD may be observed among bricklayers and hairdressers, and of ICD among housewives. The haptens most frequently noted over the entire decade as the cause of positive reaction in occupational ACD were, in order of frequency, potassium dichromate, nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride, p-phenylenediamine and thiuram mix. Nonoccupational CD (ACD and ICD) was present in 27,802 cases overall, corresponding to about 65% of all cases under examination and over 70% of all CD (also including forms of occupational CD). In regard to distribution by sex, a clear dominance of females, as opposed to males, can be noted for ACD and also (although to a lesser extent) for ICD. The main products and materials (ie, components and relative substances) that are pinpointed as being responsible for nonoccupational ACD, were, in order of frequency, clothing accessories, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals, and clothing. The haptens most frequently recognized as the cause of positive reactions were, in order of frequency, nickel sulphate, fragrance mix, cobalt chloride, balsam of Peru, potassium dichromate, ethylenediamine, and diaminodiphenylmethane.

Contact DermatitisVolume 31, Issue 5 p. 322-323 Prevention of allergic contact dermatitis with alternative products A. Sertoli, A. Sertoli U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this author A. Sertoli, A. Sertoli U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai U. O. Autonoma Allergologia Dermatologica Professional E Ambientales, Istituto di Clinica Dermatologica, Università di Firenze, via Alfani 37, Firenze, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb02029.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Adams R M, Fisher A A. Contact allergen alternatives: 1986. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987: 14: 951–956. 10.1016/S0190-9622(86)70119-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Fiore U, Grasso G, Majo A et al. Metodi internazionali per l'analisi dei cuoi. Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Pelli e delle Materie Concianti. Ed. Napoli, 1991. Google Scholar 3 Farli M, Brusi C, Gasperini M et al. Epidemiologica, clinica e prevenzione della dermatite allergica da contatto, professional ed extraprofessionale, da tessuti. Ann It Derm Clin Sper 1991: 45: 147–157. Google Scholar 4 Hausen B M. Contact allergy to disperse blue 106 and blue 124 in black “velvet” clothes. Contact Dermatitis 1993: 28: 169–173. 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03381.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Santucci B, Cristaudo A, Canistracci C et al. Nichel ed orecchini. Boll Derm Allergol Profess 1989: 4: 45–48. Google Scholar 6 Gola M, Sertoli A, Angelini G et al. GIRDCA Data bank for occupational and environmental contact dermatitis (1984 to 1988). Am J Contact Dermatitis 1992: 3: 179–188. 10.1097/01634989-199212000-00007 Google Scholar 7 Menne T, Brandrup F, Thestrup-Pedersen N et al. Patch test reactivity to nickel alloys. Contact Dermatitis 1987: 16: 255–259. 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01448.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8 Dooms-Goossens A, Dooms-Goossens H, Drjeghef J. Computers and patients information system. In: R J G Rycroft, T Menne, P J Frosch. C Benezra, (eds): Textbook of contact dermatitis. Berlin : Springer Verlag, 1991: 771–783. Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume31, Issue5November 1994Pages 322-323 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Contact DermatitisVolume 29, Issue 1 p. 48-48 Allergic contact dermatitis in caterers M. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this author M. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Unit of Allergological Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, U S L 10/A, Florence; Medical Legal Center, INAIL, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb04544.xCitations: 17AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Reference 1 Cronin E. Dermatitis of the hands in caterers. Contact Dermatitis 1987; 17: 265–269. 2 Papageorgiou C, Corbet JP, Menezes-Brandão F, Pecegueiro M, Benezra C. Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic (Allium sativum L.). Identification of the allergens: the role of mono- di- and trisulfides present in garlic. Arch Dermatol Res 1983; 275: 229–234. 3 Gola M, Acciai M C, Brusi C, Giorgini S, Sertoli A. Allergic contact dermatitis in a pastry-cook. Contact Dermatitis 1989; 21: 57. 4 Heime A, Fox G. Backerekzem durch chromverbindung in mehelen. Derm Beruf Umwelt 1980; 28: 133. 5 Katz S A, Samitz M H. Leaching of nickel from stainless steel consumer commodities. Acta Dermato-venereologica 1975; 55: 113. 6 Malten K E. 4 bakers showing positive patch tests to a number of fragrance materials which can also be used as flavors. Acta Dermato-venereologica 1979; 59: (suppl. 85): 117. Citing Literature Volume29, Issue1July 1993Pages 48-48 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Contact DermatitisVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 112-113 Baseline transepidermal water loss in 3 different anatomical regions in healthy and eczematous subjects S. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Accial, M. C. Accial Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorL. Gori, L. Gori Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this author S. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Accial, M. C. Accial Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorL. Gori, L. Gori Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Unit of Allergological Occupational and Enviromental Dermatology. Via degli Alfani 37, 50l21 Florence ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05221.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume27, Issue2February 1992Pages 112-113 RelatedInformation

Recent studies suggest that the main contact allergen of propolis is dimethylallyl ester of caffeic acid (compound 1). We synthesized compound 1 together with its O-methyl derivatives, eg, dimethylallyl ester of ferulic acid (compound 2) and dimethylallyl ester of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (compound 3) having protected hydroxylic functions. The synthesis of compounds 1 and 2 was affected through reactions of caffeic and ferulic acid, respectively, with dimethylallyl bromide. Compound 3 was prepared by methylation of 1. The structure and purity of these products were confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic data. Moreover, thin-layer chromatography examination of poplar bud extracts and propolis samples showed the presence of compounds 1 and 2, but not of product 3. We patch tested nine subjects sensitized to propolis with these compounds. Three of them reacted to compound 1, but no reaction was seen to products 2 and 3. These data support the hypothesis that sensitizing activity of ester 1 could be related to the presence of free hydroxylic groups.

Contact DermatitisVolume 24, Issue 1 p. 67-68 Skin tests with fresh foods M. C. Acaial, M. C. Acaial Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusl, C. Brusl Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorM. Gola, M. Gola Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this author M. C. Acaial, M. C. Acaial Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusl, C. Brusl Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorS. Francalanci, S. Francalanci Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorM. Gola, M. Gola Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Istituto di Clinica Dermosifilopatica dell' Universita, 37 Via degli Alafani, 50121 Firenze, Italy, and U.O. Autonoma Universitaria di Dermatologia Allergologica, Professionale ed AmbientaleSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1991 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01643.xCitations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume24, Issue1January 1991Pages 67-68 RelatedInformation

Contact DermatitisVolume 20, Issue 4 p. 302-316 Unusual occupational allergic contact dermatitis in a nurse P. Lombardi, P. Lombardi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. Gola, M. Gola Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this author P. Lombardi, P. Lombardi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. Gola, M. Gola Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence 50121, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03150.xCitations: 27AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume20, Issue4April 1989Pages 302-316 RelatedInformation

Contact DermatitisVolume 21, Issue 1 p. 57-57 Allergic contact dermatitis in a pastry cook M. Gola, M. Gola Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this author M. Gola, M. Gola Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorM. C. Acciai, M. C. Acciai Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorC. Brusi, C. Brusi Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorS. Giorgini, S. Giorgini Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorA. Sertoli, A. Sertoli Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via degli Alfani 37, Florence, ItalySearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04691.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume21, Issue1July 1989Pages 57-57 RelatedInformation