Abomasal ulcers are frequently observed in slaughtered cattle and can adversely affect animal health and productivity. Motilin, ghrelin, and gastrin are gastrointestinal hormones involved in motility, mucosal integrity, and acid secretion, and may serve as potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abomasal ulcers, ulcer severity, and serum levels of these hormones, and to evaluate their diagnostic value in fattening cattle. A total of 44 male Holstein cattle aged 16-18 months were clinically evaluated and subsequently slaughtered. Blood samples were collected before transport, and abomasal tissues were examined macroscopically and histopathologically post-mortem. Based on lesion characteristics, animals were classified into three groups: Control (n = 20), mild ulcer [AB(M), n = 15], and severe ulcer [AB(S), n = 9]. All detected ulcers were categorized as Type I following histopathological confirmation. No significant differences in serum motilin, gastrin, or ghrelin levels were observed between the Control and AB(M) groups (P > 0.05). Significantly higher levels (P < 0.001) of motilin, gastrin, and ghrelin were observed in the AB(S) group compared with both the Control and AB(M) groups. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the Control and AB(M) groups. Moreover, strong positive correlations were observed between all hormone concentrations (r = 0.94-1.00; P < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that motilin (AUC = 0.781), ghrelin (AUC = 0.781), and gastrin (AUC = 0.829) showed potential for distinguishing cattle with moderate Type I abomasal ulcers from healthy animals, whereas in severe ulcer cases all three markers showed markedly higher diagnostic performance (motilin AUC = 0.878, ghrelin AUC = 0.878, gastrin AUC = 0.956), supporting their use as valuable diagnostic tools, particularly for the identification of severe disease. These findings suggest that serum motilin, gastrin, and ghrelin levels may be useful indicators of abomasal ulcer severity in cattle.

Neonatal calf health critically depends on successful passive transfer of immunity (PTI) via colostrum. Although PTI is routinely assessed by serum IgG concentration, associated systemic proteomic responses remain poorly defined. This study aimed to relate distinct PTI categories to neonatal calf serum proteomes and to evaluate colostrum proteomes to identify proteins influencing passive transfer success. Forty Holstein cow-calf pairs were enrolled. Calf serum was collected before colostrum feeding (0 h) and at 48 h. Serum IgG was quantified by ELISA, and calves were classified at 48 h as failed (FPTI, <1000 mg/dL, n = 11), adequate (APTI, 1000-2000 mg/dL, n = 11), or excellent (EPTI, >2000 mg/dL, n = 18). For proteomic analyses, five calves were purposefully selected in each group; serum samples were pooled by PTI group and time point, and colostrum samples by PTI group, then analyzed by LC-MS/MS in DIA mode. Proteomics identified 54 proteins in colostrum and 80 in serum, 27 of which were shared between matrices. Post-colostrum intake, 21 (FPTI), 5 (APTI), and 30 (EPTI) serum proteins changed significantly from 0 to 48 h. In EPTI calves, haptoglobin (Hp) (51.10-fold) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) (27.24-fold) showed the strongest upregulation. At 48 h, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and haemoglobin subunit epsilon (Hb-ε) were lower in EPTI, whereas PEDF, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), and SERPINA3-6 were higher, consistent with coordinated activation of acute-phase, mucosal/transport, and protease-antiprotease pathways. These findings indicate that PTI involves coordinated proteomic changes beyond IgG alone and highlight candidate biomarkers of successful passive immunity in neonatal calves.

Urea poisoning is one of the leading causes of accidental poisoning in cattle herds. The presented study aimed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical findings of natural urea poisoning in Angus heifers. Clinical signs including dyspnea, ataxia, and spasms were observed in four animals from the two paddocks where the initial feed ration was distributed.Urea poisoning was suspected, serum and plasma samples were obtained from 4 sick animals(group GU) and 4 healthy animals located in different paddocks that had not yet consumed feed (group GC). Blood ammonia, albumin, Alnesium(Mg), Non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA), Total Protein(TP) and Triglyceride(TG) analyzes were performed. Although urea had been routinely supplemented at 30 g/animal/day, investigation revealed that moisture exposure caused urea solidification in sacks, leading to inadequate homogenization within the TMR. Rumen pH was determined to be above 8.5 in all poisoned animals. A difference was determined in average ammonia (GU=456 & micro;mol/l; GC= 272 & micro;mol/l), AST (GU=138 U/L; GC=75.6U/L), Phosphorus (GU=2.45 mmol/L; GC=1.83 mmol/L), BUN (GU=10.71 mmol/L; GC= 9.28 mmol/L) and Triglyceride (GU=0.51 mmol/L; GC=0.17 mmol/L) levels in the GU and GC groups. Routine parameters including AST, phosphorus, triglycerides, and BUN - unlike ammonia which requires specific handling - may serve as practical diagnostic markers for urea poisoning in field conditions.

This study aimed to determine the effects of heat stress on 30 Saanen goats of different ages (young, middle-aged, and old). The average temperature and humidity values during the trial were 27.82 °C and 40.65

BACKGROUND:Enzootic pneumonia is an important disease complex associated with insufficient colostrum intake after birth, adverse environmental conditions, and stress. Vitamin D deficiency may be an important predisposing factor for this disease.OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate in calves with enzootic pneumonia.METHODS:A total of 30 calves, aged 3-5 months, under the same care and feeding conditions were used. Groups were formed according to Clinical Respiratory Scoring as the group with mild/moderate enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), the group with severe enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), and the healthy control group (n = 10) without any disease. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of animals in all groups on Day 0; a complete blood count was performed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method.RESULTS:Although no statistical differences were observed in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between groups, statistically significant differences in blood neutrophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts were found between the groups. Monocyte counts were statistically decreased in the mild/moderate group compared with the control group. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. Erythrocyte counts were increased in the mild/moderate and severe groups compared with the control group. Vitamin D concentrations were statistically lower in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. However, no statistical differences in Vitamin D concentrations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe groups. There was a negative and significant correlation between erythrocyte counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = -0.64, P < .0001). While erythrocyte counts increased in the severe group compared with the mild/moderate group, vitamin D concentrations decreased. Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between platelet counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = -0.74, P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study determined that serum vitamin D concentrations in calves with pneumonia were lower than those in healthy calves. Detailed studies on the etiologic and prognostic importance of low vitamin D levels in calves with enzootic pneumonia may provide valuable data for prevention and treatment.

Negative energy balance (NEB) caused by restricted feed intake leads to body condition loss (BCS), increased metabolic stress and reduced fertility in dairy cows. Propylene glycol (PG) is a precursor of ruminal propionate for gluconeogenesis used to increase metabolic adaptation to the early postpartum period. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of daily drenching of PG during the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol on beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) concentrations, follicle size and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. Cows (n = 148) were randomly divided into two groups and received either 300 mL of PG (PG-OVS, n = 76) or 300 mL of water (CON-OVS, n = 72) each day of the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH-7 days-PGF2α -56 hours-GnRH-16-18-hour FTAI) between days 57 ± 3 to 67 ± 3 postpartum for the first service. Body condition scores (14 days before expected calving, at calving, on days 21 and 42 postpartum) were recorded. Blood samples were collected days 7 ± 3, 21 ± 3 postpartum, at the beginning of the Ovsynch (days 57 ± 3) and at the time of FTAI (days 67 ± 3) for measurements of BHBA, glucose, adiponectin and IGF1 concentrations. Ultrasonographic examinations were done to measure follicle size at the beginning of Ovsynch and FTAI and to determine pregnancy on days 30 and 60 following FTAI. There were no differences (p > .05) in glucose, adiponectin and IGF1 concentrations between the groups during the study. Although there was no difference (p > .05) in BHBA concentrations on postpartum day 7 ± 3, 21 ± 3 and 57 ± 3 between the groups, BHBA concentrations at the time of insemination was lower (p < .05) in the PG-OVS group (0.72 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the CON-OVS group (0.81 ± 0.03 mmol/L). Follicle sizes at the beginning of Ovsynch (PG-OVS, 14.5 ± 0.48 mm; CON-OVS, 14.3 ± 0.59 mm) and FTAI (PG-OVS, 17.8 ± 0.52 mm; CON-OVS, 17.7 ± 0.42 mm) were not different (p < .05). Pregnancy rate of the cows in the PG-OVS group (46.1%, 35/76) was higher (p = .05) than in the CON-OVS group (30.6%, 22/72) on day 30 following FTAI. In conclusion, decreasing serum BHBA concentrations at the time of FTAI by means of daily drenching of PG during the Ovsynch protocol, increased the pregnancy rate at first service in lactating dairy cows. On the other hand, blood glucose was not related with pregnancy rates in our study, probably as a result of our sampling time and more rapid fluctuations of blood glucose concentrations when compared to BHBA.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using menbutone in addition to ammonium molybdate on liver enzymes in sheep naturally poisoned with copper. Merino lambs (n = 30), naturally poisoned with copper and which also had high liver enzyme levels, were divided into two groups, each with 15 lambs. The AM + MEN group received ammonium molybdate and menbutone and the AM group received only ammonium molybdate solution. Both groups received 1.7% ammonium molybdate solution (1 mL per 10 kg body weight [BW]) subcutaneously on 0, 2nd and 4th days of the study. Menbutone (Genabil®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW on days 0 and 2, in addition to ammonium molybdate in the AM + MEN group. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 7, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and creatinine levels were evaluated. Over 7 days, AST levels decreased from 351.04 ± 63.50 IU/L to 286.40 ± 55.68 IU/L in the AM group (P > 0.05) and from 425.00 ± 119.25 IU/L to 240.83 ± 29.62 IU/L in the AM + MEN group (P ≤ 0.05). GGT levels decreased from 121.16 ± 15.88 IU/L to 110.39 ± 10.13 IU/L in the AM group (P > 0.05) and 124.52 ± 15.50 to 98.60 ± 9.08 IU/L in the AM + MEN group (P ≤ 0.05). Based on these findings, the use of menbutone, in addition to ammonium molybdate, has significantly reduced the level of liver enzymes.

Botulism is a disease of cattle that causes significant impact due to its high mortality rate.The aim of the present study is to evaluate serum choline levels as well as clinical and biochemical parameters of cattle suspected to be suffering from botulism and to compare the results with healthy cattle and also to compare the results of survivors and fatalities.Thirteen botulism suspected and eleven healthy cattle were used.Total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium levels were measured from the sera of botulism and control cattle by colorimetric method using an autoanalyser.Choline levels were analyzed using HPLC.Dysphagia, decreased tongue strength weak anal reflexes, tongue and tail paralysis and locomotion disorders were the main clinical findings observed in suspected botulism cases.Botulinum toxin analysis of ruminal fluid samples were positive in two cattle from one herd.AST, ALT, potassium and choline levels were higher in cattle suffering from suspected botulism cases and choline levels were positively correlated with albumin and total protein levels.Three animals from botulism group survived.Clinical findings were milder, animals were not recumbent and choline levels were lower in survivors.Clinical findings of the three animals that recovered were milder, animals were not recumbent and choline levels were lower in survivors.It was observed that clinical findings such as decreased tongue strength and anal reflexes, dysphagia, tail paralysis, and locomotion disorders are important for diagnosis of botulism In conclusion, cattle with milder clinical signs and lower choline have a higher chance of survival.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Brix refractometry and to compare the Brix value with semi-quantitative indicators such as total protein (TP), total protein in whey (TPw), glutaraldehyde coagulation time (GCT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity for determining the quality of colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected from 38 Saanen goats just after parturition and on the first day (24 ± 4 hours) and second day (48 ± 4) after parturition. The Brix value, TP and TPw levels were measured with optic refractometers. The level of GCT was determined with a 10% glutaraldehyde solution. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were measured with a goat IgG ELISA. All measurements decreased significantly after parturition. The IgG and Brix values on the day of parturition were 4719.28 ±107.94 mg/dL and 20.55 ± 0.71, respectively. The TPw levels were lower than TP on all three days and a significant difference was detected on day 2. The IgG concentration was higher in the first-parity and second-parity goats compared with those older does. However, no differences were observed in the other characteristics of the colostrum. Litter size did not affect IgG or the other semi-quantitative tests. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.8 Tp with TPw, and for the Brix value with both TP and TPw. Brix refractometry could be used to evaluate colostrum quality in Saanen goats and TPw is a more reliable indicator than TP.

Healthy Saanen goats (n=30) in periparturient period were used in the present study. Blood samples were collected 21, 14 and 7 days before parturition, at the time of birth and postpartum days 7, 14 and 21. Non-esterifiedfatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels were evaluated. During the study period, NEFA, SDH, CREA levels increased and CHOL and TG levels decreased at time of parturition. When the changes of parameters in prepartum and postpartum period were compared, the concentrations of NEFA, CHOL, GLU, TG, Ca were higher (p <0.001) in prepartum period;however BHBA, Mg, ALB, GGT, AST, TP, P, BUN, SDH and CREA concentrations were detected to be higher (p <0.001) in postpartum period. Metabolic Profile Test based on biochemical parameters evaluated in our study would be beneficial for diagnosis, prevention and control of diseases such as pregnancy toxemia, hypocalcemia, infertility in goats.

Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic that changes the population of rumen bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of monensin controlled capsule administered 3 wk before calving on blood metabolites (serum beta-hydroxybutiric acid (BHBA), cholesterol (CHOL), urea, creatinine (CREA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg+), calcium (Ca++), glucose (GLU) and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration) and milk yield in the pre and post-calving term. 50 Holstein-Friesian cows were selected from the same flock. Blood samples were taken 3 weeks before the expected calving date and during weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post calving. Cows were divided into two group: a study group (Group M, n:40) and a control group (Group C, n: 10). The group M orally received a cylindrical device (Kexxtone, ELANCO Animal Health, Guelph, ON, Canada) and the group C received no treatment. BHBA and NEFA was lower (P˂0,.05) in group M compared with group C in the 6 and 8 week post-calving. GLU was higher (P˂0.05) in group M compared with group C in the 4 week post-calving. Urea was higher (P˂0.05) in group M compared with group C in the 1 week post-calving. There was no statistically difference between two groups (P˂0.05) in milk yields. Although milk yield was similar in both groups, the change in concentration of BHBA, NEFA, GLU and urea showed that monensin CRC could be as a glycogenic precursor.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer (PT) status of goat kids by Brix refractometry and compare the results with other semiquantitative tests (total protein - TP, glutaraldehyde coagulation test - GCT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase - GGT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The study was conducted on 75 goat kids born from 47 Saanen goats. The blood samples were collected from the kids on day 0 (presuckling) and on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after birth. The Brix% and TP concentrations were measured with refractometers, and GGT activity was measured using a dry chemistry system. The duration of the GCT was determined in the first 60 min. The serum IgG concentration was measured by goat IgG ELISA kit. On the 1st and 2nd days, serum Brix% in the kids was measured as 9.33 +/- 0.17% and 9.17 +/- 0.14%, respectively. In the 1st and 2nd day serum samples of the kids, IgG was 817.76 +/- 37.34 mg/dL and 1173.29 +/- 47.81 mg/dL, respectively, and GGT was 1298.07 +/- 133.29 IU/L and 692.26 +/- 79.86 IU/L, respectively. The Brix refractometer was found to be more sensitive for detection of PT status in kids on the first and second days after birth, such as TP and GCT, whereas GGT, as an early indicator of PT, was useful only on the first day after birth. We conclude that the Brix refractometer could be used to determine the PT status in goat kids and Brix measurements lower than 8.6%, 9.2%, and 9.3% indicate failure of PT in 1-, 2-, and 3-day-old kids, respectively.

Serum immunoglobulin (IgG) and semiquantitative tests are used for the evaluation of passive transfer immunity (PTI) in calves. We aimed to evaluate PTI in calves by using a Brix refractometer, total protein (TP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) on days 1, 3, and 7 after birth; to compare the results with serum IgG; and to evaluate which day these tests are given on will give the best results. The blood samples were collected from 60 Holstein dairy calves on day 0, just after birth, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after birth. The serum IgG concentration was measured by ELISA, the Brix % and TP concentrations with refractometers, and GGT activity using a dry chemistry system. The duration of the GCT was determined in the first 60 min. The IgG, TP concentration, and Brix % all peaked on the 3rd day of the study. GGT showed a significant decline after 24 h. Evaluating the Brix %, IgG, TP, and GCT levels more than 24 h after birth gives better results. However, GGT activity was observed as an early indicator of failure of passive transfer, as the GGT levels were highest 24 h after birth.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a single-dose of gamithromycin (GM) or marbofloxacin (MR) in kids with naturally occurring pneumonia. Thirty-six kids, aged 2–2.5 months, with body weight ranging from 12 kg to 18 kg were presented with clinical signs of pneumonia. The most prominent clinical findings were an increase in the respiratory rate, crackling lung sounds on auscultation, coughing, nasal discharge and an increased rectal temperature. Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma spp. colonies were isolated from microbiological examination of six transtracheal washes and lung tissues of one necropsied kid. The severity of pneumonia was evaluated by using cumulative clinical score (CCS). The CCS of the 36 kids used in the study were four and above. Kids were randomly divided into two equal groups; the GM group received a single subcutaneous dose of GM at a dosage of 6 mg/kg and the MR group received MR intramuscularly at a dosage of 8 mg/kg as a single-dose. No side effects related to the drugs were detected in either group. All 36 kids were clinically examined 3 weeks after the initiation of the treatment. Clinical signs in both groups were almost completely absent at the end of the study. A single administration of GM or MR was successfully used in the treatment of kids with pneumonia.

Saanen goat is one of the highest milk-producing goat breeds and is greater than the other breeds of goats, has a high reproductive yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and lipid mobilisation in periparturient period of Saanen dairy goats. Fifteen Saanen goats (aged 2-3) were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each goat on days -21, -14, -7, 0, 7, 14 and 21 relative to parturition. Blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Paraoxonase-1 activity (PON1) levels were measured. Triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly (P<0.001) from parturition until day 21 as compare to the values obtained before parturition. Serum HDL concentrations were significantly lower values on days -21, -14 and -7 (P<0.001) compared to values on days 14 and 7. Serum VLDL concentrations increased significantly from parturition until day prepartum 21 as compare to the values obtained before parturition (P<0.001). Serum LDL levels were significantly higher on day -21 and -14 compared to values on days +7 and +14 (P<0.001). Serum BHBA levels significantly higher on days -21 compared to values on days -14, -7,+7 and +14 (P<0.001). Serum NEFA levels significantly lower on days -21 compared on days -14 and parturition. PON-1 and CHOL levels were no statistical difference. In conclusion, although there was no statistical differences, significant changes in levels of PON-1 were occurred in periparturient Saanen goats and PON-1 may be used as biomarker for metabolic and inflammatory-related and or disorders in periparturient goats. Further study should be conducted for better understanding the determine the availability of PON-1 as a marker of oxidative stress and to confirm these findings

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, albumin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels in healthy cows and cows suffering clinical or subclinical ketosis in the early postpartum period. A total of 45 Holstein-Fresian dairy cows, consisting of 15 with clinical ketosis, 15 with subclinical ketosis and 15 healthy controls, was used in the study. Selection of animals was based on blood BHBA levels and urine ketone strip results on day 7 after parturition. Blood adiponectin, NEFA, glucose, albumin, GGT, calcium, phosphorus and BUN were also measured on day 7 postpartum. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both Clinical Ketosis and Subclinical Ketosis groups compared to the control group. NEFA levels were higher and glucose and calcium levels were lower in both ketosis groups when compared to the control animals. On the other hand, blood albumin, GGT, phosphorus and BUN levels did not differ among study groups. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of ketosis. This role could be lower milk yield and better energy balance in early postpartum dairy cows with high adiponectin levels due to increased whole body tissue insulin sensitivity..

The aim of the presented study is to compare beta-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), glucose (GLU) gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and albumin (Alb) values of healthy animals and animals suffering from subclinical ketosis. The material in this study consisted of 15 healthy cows and 15 cows with subclinical ketosis on a commercial dairy farm located in Bursa (Turkey). Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed in BHBA, GLU, and Ca between the two groups. Results of this study might indicate the importance of calcium metabolism in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Sixty multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows made up the study sample. Group M (n = 20) received 300 mg/day monensin (Kexxtone, Elanco) for 21 days prior to the expected calving date. Group PGC (n = 20) received propylene glycol, mixed with concentrate and fed separately from total mixed ration (TMR) twice a day in the last 21 days of gestation. The control group, Group C(n = 20) did not receive any treatment prior to parturition. Cows in all three groups received PG (300 mL/day) for 5 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected 21 and 7 days prior to the expected calving date, as well as 7 and 14 days after parturition. NEFA and BHBA levels did not differ between the treatment groups. However, milk yield of Group M was significantly higher than that of Group C during weeks 3, 4, and 5 of lactation. Although NEFA and BHBA levels were similar in both treatment groups, higher milk yield in monensin-treated cows could be related to an increase in glycogenic precursors resulting from favorable effects of monensin on ruminal bacterial flora.

Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflamatory cytokine, closely associated with insulin resistance and related diseases such as type II ketosis and fatty liver of cows. Aim of the presented study was to investigate circulating levels of TNF-α after vaccinating dry cattle with inactive rotavirus, coronavirus and E.coli combined vaccine. 14 cattle were randomly assigned to two groups; vaccination group was vaccinated on days 0 and 21 of the study and control group not. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 5, 15, 21, 22, 26, 36 of the study for evaluation of TNF-α and total leukocyte counts. Although not significant, TNF-α levels decreased in vaccination group after the second application. Total Leukocyte counts did not differ between and within groups. Results of the study demonstrates that vaccinating cattle with inactive rotavirus, coronavirus and E.coli combined vaccine in dry period does not induce alterations in circulating TNF-α levels.