The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of operating efficiently and stably at ampere-level current densities is crucial for advancing industrial water splitting technology. Herein, a Zn/N-codoped porous carbon-modified and carboxyl-functionalized NiCoP composite electrocatalyst (ZC-NiCoP@NC) was successfully constructed on nickel foam via a combined strategy involving electrodeposition, phosphidation, and hydrothermal treatment. The unique nanocube architecture, highly graphitized carbon matrix, and introduced surface carboxyl groups collectively optimize the electronic structure and catalytic microenvironment. In 1 M KOH electrolyte, ZC-NiCoP@NC exhibits exceptional HER (t;10 = 45 mV) and OER (t;50 = 198 mV) activity, and maintains robust stability for over 300 h even at a high current density of 1000 mA center dot cm- 2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the carboxyl groups act as proton relays, facilitating the coupled proton-electron transfer (c-PET) process and significantly reducing the energy barrier associated with the deprotonation step. When employed as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting, the ZC-NiCoP@NC||ZC-NiCoP@NC electrolyzer requires a low cell voltage of only 1.501 V to achieve a current density of 50 mA center dot cm- 2. This work provides a new strategy for designing high-performance, low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts suitable for industrial-level current density.

The development of self-powered wearable electronics is hindered by the mismatch between rigid thermoelectric generators and deformable body contours in conventional manufacturing methods. Here, we present a 3D-printable ionic hydrogel based on a gelatin and kappa-carrageenan matrix that meets the flow, recovery, and structural requirements of multi-material direct ink writing. Our ink design consists of gelatin and kappa-carrageenan, where the latter modulates the viscoelasticity of the precursor and enables the formation of a double-network porous structure, thereby enhancing mechanical robustness and facilitating ion transport. High-fidelity 3D architectures can be printed, and an in-situ silicone encapsulation effectively suppresses dehydration, extending operational lifetime. Geometry-optimised features such as wavy structures further improve strain responsiveness by increasing ion-migration pathways. With an SO4 & sup2;(-)/SO3 & sup2;(-) redox couple, the hydrogel reaches a Seebeck coefficient of 3.96 mV K-& sup1; and maintains stable thermoelectric output during deformation. Demonstrations of temperature sensing, motion detection, and encoded signal output validate the capability of this integrated printing strategy to produce monolithic, long-lasting, and form-adaptive self-powered wearable devices.

Although aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to their high safety and low cost, their practical application is severely hindered by dendritic zinc growth and competing side reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which lead to poor cycling stability and low Coulombic efficiency. To address these challenges, we introduce a 3D anode design strategy. Here, we fabricate a gyroid copper-based zinc anode framework (SG-Cu) by combining digital light processing (DLP) with electroless and electro-deposition processes. This unique, multi-scale architecture provides the framework with an ultra-high specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, minimal surface roughness, and strong zincophilicity. These synergistic properties effectively homogenize the local current density, guiding uniform and reversible zinc deposition. Consequently, symmetrical cells based on the SG-Cu anode demonstrate exceptional cycling stability, achieving a lifespan of over 1600 h at 1 mA cm- 2 and 1 mAh cm- 2. Furthermore, a full cell pairing the SG-Cu anode with an ammonium vanadate (NVO) cathode exhibits high specific capacity and outstanding long-term durability. The SG-Cu@Zn// NVO full battery demonstrates remarkable cyclic stability over 1000 cycles (capacity retention: 94%). This 3D printing manufacturing strategy offers a reliable, scalable, and designable pathway for developing nextgeneration, high-performance, and long-life zinc-ion batteries.

Additively manufactured wearable biosensors enable continuous, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of physiological and biochemical signals during daily use. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) provide complementary tools for identifying printable material windows, optimizing formulations and printing parameters, monitoring fabrication quality, and interpreting noisy, high-dimensional sensing data. These capabilities are particularly relevant to wearable biosensors, whose performance depends on manufacturing reproducibility and reliable signal analysis during continuous or multimodal operation. This review summarizes recent progress in the AI-assisted development of additively manufactured wearable biosensors across three stages: pre-printing design, in-process monitoring and control, and post-printing signal interpretation and application. By organizing the field around this workflow, we clarify how AI supports material selection, fabrication optimization, device evaluation, and wearable sensing, and identify the remaining challenges in developing more reliable and adaptive biosensing systems.

INTRODUCTION:The optimum process for andrographolide nanocrystal-loaded liposomes was optimized using Box-Behnken design, and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation was subsequently studied. METHODS:Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the physical and chemical properties. Short-term stability was assessed by measuring changes in particle size and PDI. The in vitro release behavior of andrographolide nanocrystals, andrographolide liposomes, and andrographolide nanocrystal- loaded liposomes in pure water and PBS buffer was studied by the dialysis bag method. The pharmacokinetic properties of andrographolide formulations in vivo were explored when using male Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS:Encapsulation within liposomes, regardless of the initial drug form, effectively sustained the drug, with Slow release of 80 % in PBS (p<0.05). Andrographolide nanocrystal-loaded liposomes had good short-term stability. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic behavior showed that, excluding the higher Cmax of andrographolide liposomes and andrographolide nanocrystal-loaded liposomes, the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar (p<0.05). These hardly improve the pharmacokinetic behaviors by the intravenous route, and the potential mechanisms for the widely reported higher therapeutic efficacy of these technologies may be enhanced target efficacy or cellular uptake. DISCUSSION:This study conducted in vitro and in vivo performance tests on liposomes loaded with nanocrystals, and explored the performance of this preparation from various perspectives. CONCLUSION:This nanocrystal-loaded liposomes display great potential for the therapeutic mechanisms of nanoformulations, and helps researchers to better design and understand the therapeutic mechanisms of nanoformulations.

The integration of the coupled proton-electron transfer (c-PET) mechanism with a protective layer construction strategy can break through the bottleneck of unsatisfied electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting under industrial-level current density. Inspired by the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II in nature, carboxylate-modified NiCoP protected by NiCo LDH layer is constructed by in situ growth on Ni foam (NCFCP@LDH). During the HER, Fe and Ni sites promote the cleavage of the H-OH bond in H2O molecules, while Co and P sites serve as active sites for the hydrogen intermediate (H*), facilitating H2 molecule release via the Tafel process. This process requires an overpotential of only 274 mV to achieve a current density of 3000 mA cm-2. Additionally, -COO-groups capture protons in the four-electron transfer process through c-PET mechanism, accelerating O2 evolution and achieving an overpotential of 324 mV at 3000 mA cm-2. Significantly, as the bifunctional electrocatalyst, a cell voltage of NCFCP@LDH||NCFCP@LDH is 1.42 V at 10 mA cm-2, and it exhibits outstanding stability of 500 h at 1 A cm-2. This work demonstrates a multi-strategy integration approach that offers a promising direction for the rational design of phosphide-based catalysts under industrial overall water splitting.

OBJECTIVE:Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is characterized by high invasiveness and early lymph node metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis.Current surgical and chemoradiotherapy regimens often cause functional impairment, drug resistance, and other drawbacks. Thus, developing highly effective, lowtoxicity treatments is a key research priority. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers unique advantages via multitarget synergistic effects, enabling innovative therapeutic approaches. METHOD:In this study, we developed Astragaloside IV-Brucea javanica oil nanoemulsion (AS/BJO-NEs) and characterized its stability, polydispersity, and pharmacokinetic profile. The effects of AS/BJO-NEs on TSCC cells were evaluated through a series of functional assays, including CCK-8 (viability), colony formation (proliferation), and scratch wound healing (migration). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate whether its mechanism involves regulation of the MTFR2-HIF-1α-EZH2/FoxM1 signaling axis. RESULTS:The optimized AS/BJONEs exhibited uniform spherical morphology at the nanoscale and demonstrated favorable stability. In both in vitro and in vivo models, AS/BJONEs significantly suppressed the malignant phenotype of TSCC cells. Mechanistic investigation further revealed that the anti-tumor effects of AS/BJONEs are mediated, at least in part, through targeting the MTFR2-HIF-1α-EZH2/FoxM1 signaling axis, as confirmed by establishing stable MTFR2/HIF-1α knockdown and overexpression cell models. CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that AS/BJONEs inhibit TSCC progression by targeting the MTFR2-HIF-1α-EZH2/FoxM1 signaling axis. Our findings provide experimental evidence supporting the development of multi-target therapeutic strategies derived from traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of TSCC.

Organic coatings serve an indispensable role in corrosion protection by preventing direct contact between the metal substrate and corrosive media. However, their passive protection and static design characteristics pose challenges for long-term performance. This work proposes a multifunctional coupling strategy to achieve sustained protection, developing a tri-functional coating system that integrates corrosion inhibition, media regulation, and defect self-repair, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional coatings. Permeability analysis, stimulus-responsive behavior, and chloride ion trapping experiments confirm that the novel MBT@HL@PDA/GO nanofiller successfully integrates barrier enhancement, autonomous healing, and active ion capture within the coating. The synergistic interaction of these three cascade mechanisms maintains an impedance value of 109 Omega center dot cm2 even after 120 days of exposure. This multifunctional coupling approach establishes a groundbreaking paradigm for smart long-term coatings-enabling structurally repairable, performance-tunable, and functionally adaptable corrosion protection systems.

With the increasing demand for flexible, durable, and integrable energy storage in wearable electronics, structural innovations and manufacturing process development in fiber-shaped supercapacitors are urgently needed. Herein, we report a novel multi-stage helical solid-state fiber supercapacitor fabricated via coaxial direct-writing 3D printing. By integrating hierarchical braiding with in-situ coaxial encapsulation in a robust polymer matrix, this method enables continuous and scalable fabrication of geometrically complex supercapacitors. The multistage helical supercapacitor (MH-SC) demonstrates excellent mechanical performance, delivers a high specific capacitance of 302 F g- 1 at 0.5 A g-1, an exemplary power density of 206.6 W kg- 1 at an energy density of 10.76 Wh kg- 1, and retains 99.32 % of its initial capacitance after 4000 charge-discharge cycles. Remarkably, even after intentional abrasion damaging the electrodes, the MH-SC retains over 92 % of its capacitance, indicating outstanding damage tolerance and electrochemical stability. This study presents a versatile approach for integrating structure, process, and performance in fiber energy storage devices, paving the way for practical applications in smart textiles and wearable electronics.

A multifunctional coating integrating antireflection, luminescent down-conversion, and high mechanical hardness was fabricated by a facile sol–gel method. The coating was composed of two layers, i.e., the bottom layer was a “function layer” containing assembled SiO2 and rare earth organic complex nanoparticles and the top layer was a “protective layer” composed of an UV-cured organic–inorganic hybrid. More specifically, after synthesizing the SiO2 sol and rare earth organic complex, a luminescent antireflection coating was built by blade-coating technique, before organic–inorganic hybrid materials synthesized by the sol–gel method were constructed on the antireflection coating. The bilayer coating exhibited an increase of 1–2

The tumor-targeted drug delivery system (TTDNS) uses nanocarriers to transport chemotherapeutic agents to target tumor cells or tissues precisely. This innovative approach considerably increases the effective concentration of these drugs at the tumor site, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Many chemotherapeutic agents face challenges, such as low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and inadequate drug resistance. To address these obstacles, TTDNS comprising natural polysaccharides have gained increasing popularity in the field of nanotechnology owing to their ability to improve safety, bioavailability, and biocompatibility while reducing toxicity. In addition, it enhances permeability and allows for controlled drug delivery and release. This review focuses on the sources of natural polysaccharides and their direct and indirect mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. We also explored the preparation of various polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanohydrogels, nanoliposomes, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, nanocrystals, and nanofibers. Furthermore, this review delves into the versatile applications of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, elucidating their capabilities for in vivo targeting, controlled release, and responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, light, ultrasound, and magnetic fields. This sophisticated design substantially enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated drugs at tumor sites and provides a basis for preclinical and clinical research. However, the in vivo stability, drug loading, and permeability of these preparations into tumor tissues still need to be improved. Most of the currently developed biomarker-sensitive polysaccharide nanocarriers are still in the laboratory stage, more innovative delivery mechanisms and clinical studies are needed to develop commercial nanocarriers for medical use.

Self-healing materials show exceptional application potential for their high stability and longevity. However, a great challenge of the application of self-healing materials is the tradeoff between mechanical robustness and room temperature self-healing. In order to address this tradeoff, inspired by the characteristic that small molecules of living organisms self-assemble into large protein molecules by non-covalent interactions, we constructed polyurethane with highly dynamic and strong hard domains composed of dense hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions between the phenylurea groups at the end of the side chain. The prepared elastomer (PU-HU2-60) exhibits exceptional tensile performance (tensile strength is 18.27 MPa and ultimate elongation is 904.6%) and crack tolerance (fracture energy is 57.78 kJ m-2), surpassing those of most room temperature self-healing materials. After being damaged, the dynamic change process of hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions enables the elastomer to show a high self-healing efficiency of 92.15% at room temperature. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments, we verified that hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions promote the formation of hard domains and the autonomous self-healing of elastomers. The prepared elastomers can also be recycled and they showed ultra-high and restorable adhesion between metals. This work demonstrates a new strategy to balance the mechanical and self-healing properties of elastomers to expand their practical applications such as metal adhesives.

Developing a one-pot assay is a critical strategy for enhancing the applicability of CRISPR-based molecular diagnostics; however, it is hindered by CRISPR cleavage interfering with nucleic acid amplification templates. Photo-regulation strategies provide an ideal solution to suppress undesired CRISPR cleavage while maintaining detection efficiency. However, existing photo-controlled CRISPR diagnostic methods face limitations in universality, cost, and detection efficiency. In this study, we systematically examine the impact of mutations in the repeat recognition sequence (RRS), a four-nucleotide segment within the Cas12a crRNA direct repeat (DR) region, on cleavage activity. We observe that mutations at positions 3 or 4 nearly abolished crRNA activity. Based on this discovery, we introduce 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM) photo-caging modifications at positions 3 and 4. Photo-caging at position 4 demonstrates the most effective suppression of enzymatic activity and optimal light-mediated activation. We leverage this finding to develop a photo-controlled CRISPR diagnostic method, enabling a universally adaptable one-pot detection strategy. Furthermore, by incorporating a crRNA splinting strategy, this pre-preparable reagent can be adapted for the detection of virtually any target gene. Existing photo-controlled CRISPR diagnostic methods suffer from limited universality, high cost, and low detection efficiency. Here, the authors develop a photo-caging strategy designed for the direct repeat (DR) region of Cas12a crRNA, enabling a broadly applicable one-pot detection platform

The triiodide reduction reaction (IRR) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of overall water splitting both face slow charge transfer, leading to lower efficiency. Herein, a multifunctional NiS2/Ni9S8 nanocube electrocatalyst, exhibiting efficient power conversion efficiency and improved H* adsorption and desorption performance, is designed through sulfur ion exchange and fluorine ion etching NiCo prussian blue analog precursor. As a result, NiS2/Ni9S8 with a matchable interface as counter electrode (CE), exhibits highly improved DSSC performance in I3- electrolyte, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.31 %. This is mainly attributed to heterostructured interface of NiS2/Ni9S8, which modulates the electrons transfer from the Ni atom to I3- ions, activating the Ni-I bond and accelerating IRR. Additionally, NiS2/ Ni9S8 enhances HER performance in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Specifically, NiS2/Ni9S8 nanocube shows low overpotentials of 117 mV and 111 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm- 2 in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. This research develops noble-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts for clean and renewable energy conversion systems.

CRISPR-Cas12a-based diagnostic technologies have revolutionized nucleic acid detection, but their broader application remains constrained by the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirement and limited multiplexing capabilities due to reliance on trans-cleavage. Here, we present a photocontrolled programmable enzymatic cascade strategy that enables temporal regulation of three sequential reactions─nucleic acid amplification, photoactivated lambda exonuclease (λ-exon)-mediated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) generation, and PAM-independent Cas12a detection─all within a one-pot system, effectively overcoming the PAM constraint. We further exploit the orthogonal trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a and Cas13a to enable simultaneous dual-gene detection within the one-pot system, thereby circumventing multiplexing limitations. Applied to clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) samples, the method allows detection of both the IS6110 gene of MTB and the human ACTB (β-actin) internal control gene. This photocontrolled one-pot CRISPR diagnostic technology enhances flexibility in target site selection and overcomes the limitations of conventional CRISPR diagnostics, which cannot simultaneously detect both target genes and internal controls. This approach holds promise for advancing the clinical application of CRISPR-based diagnostics.

CRISPR technology holds significant promise for advancing nucleic acid assays. However, current CRISPR diagnostic techniques, reliant on indiscriminate trans-cleavage mechanisms, face challenges in developing multiplex detection formats. Moreover, chaotic trans-cleavage activity often results from mismatched targets, leading to specificity issues. To address these limitations, here we exploit a double-key recognition mechanism based on CRISPR-Cas12a cis-cleavage and invasive hybridization identification of released sticky-end DNA products. By integrating multiplexed nucleic acid amplification, the double-key Cas12a detection mechanism, and a lateral flow detection platform, we develop a method termed Cas12a cis-cleavage mediated lateral flow assay (cc-LFA). We demonstrate that the cc-LFA exhibited superior specificity compared to three mainstream trans-cleavage-based CRISPR diagnostic techniques, achieving single-base resolution detection free from high-concentration wild-type DNA background interference. cc-LFA is also applied for highly specific detection of multiple respiratory pathogen samples and precise multiplexed detection of nine high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, achieving over 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively. Additionally, we present a portable device to automate nucleic acid amplification and strip detection procedures, showcasing the potential of cc-LFA for future applications in decentralized laboratory scenarios.

Organic coatings are pivotal in safeguarding metal equipment against corrosion in marine settings, thanks to their desirable physical barrier capabilities. Up to now, the quest for functional coating materials that can actively modulate corrosive media and ensure long-term corrosion resistance continues to pose a significant challenge. Addressing this issue, an innovative multifunctional coupling mechanism aimed at long-term protection is proposed. By engineering a multi-faceted composite filler, PDA-Hal-LDH-MBT, a harmonious blend of passive shielding, active media capture, and stimulus-triggered self-repair capabilities has been achieved, markedly boosting the coating's durability and protective efficacy. Findings reveal that the developed coating maintains an impedance two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure epoxy coatings even after 100 days of immersion. This remarkable enhancement in performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic interplay among the filler's constituents: the uniform dispersion of the filler effectively shields against the penetration of corrosive media, the outer polydopamine (PDA) layer imparts dynamic responsiveness to stimuli, and the subsequent accessible LDH actively captures chloride ions. The long-term protection paradigm proposed in this study provides a novel approach and technical underpinning for the dependable application of coatings in harsh marine environments.

Spatiotemporal regulation of CRISPR-Cas systems holds significant promise for precision gene editing and molecular diagnostics. While photochemical strategies for CRISPR activity control have advanced, a universal regulatory approach remains elusive. Here, we report a modular light-activated CRISPR-RNA design through splitting conventional crRNA within the direct repeat (DR) into two functional domains: a conserved 5' split direct repeat (5' SDR) and a variable 3' split direct repeat (SDR) + spacer (3' SDR-Spacer) module. Double-stranded extensions were introduced at the cleavage site to preserve functional integrity. Through screening of light-sensitive caging group modification sites in the universal 5' SDR, a novel light-activated CRISPR-RNA system was developed. This system only requires spacer redesign of the 3' SDR-Spacer for new targets, while the caged 5' SDR is universal. Thereupon, we established a universal light-activated CRISPR-RNA assisted one-pot RAA-Cas12a detection system (UniLight-CRISPR). When applied to Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection using qPCR-validated clinical samples, UniLight-CRISPR demonstrated 95.45% sensitivity and 100% specificity, matching the performance of conventional two-step Cas12a assays. This universal photo regulation strategy not only addresses current limitations in CRISPR diagnostics but also provides a blueprint for adapting other Cas enzymes. We anticipate broad applications of our universal light-activated CRISPR-RNA system, extending from molecular diagnostics to gene-editing research.