BackgroundOvarian endometrioma is a common form of endometriosis associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and diminished ovarian reserve. Although anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is widely used to evaluate ovarian reserve, it does not reflect structural ovarian changes. To introduce and assess the Ovary to Endometrioma Volume Index (OEVI), calculated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as noninvasive marker of ovarian reserve in women with endometrioma.MethodsFifty women of reproductive age with ovarian endometrioma were included. Patients with menopause, primary ovarian failure, or prior endometrioma surgery were excluded. Serum AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and cancer antigen 125 (Ca-125) were measured. Ovarian and endometrioma volumes were quantified on pelvic MRI, and OEVI was calculated as total ovarian volume divided by total endometrioma volume. Spearman correlation and multivariable regression analyses were performed.ResultsOEVI showed a positive correlation with AMH (ρ = 0.332) and negative correlations with FSH (ρ = −0.306) and LH (ρ = −0.422). In exploratory multivariable analysis, AMH showed a positive association with OEVI (β = 0.337, p = 0.030), whereas Ca-125 (β = −0.018, p = 0.022) and LH (β = −0.141, p = 0.035) demonstrated inverse associations. The regression model explained 42% of OEVI variability. The regression model explained 42% of OEVI variability.ConclusionOEVI demonstrates significant associations with established hormonal markers and may represent a promising structural adjunct in ovarian reserve assessment. Its association with AMH and inverse relationship with gonadotropins suggest that OEVI reflects both structural and functional ovarian capacity and may support individualized clinical management and fertility counseling.

OBJECTIVE:In this study, we aimed to present the demographic, ultrasonographic, genetic, obstetric, and postpartum results of 14 patients diagnosed with radial ray defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Fourteen patients diagnosed with radial ray defects. Non-development or hypoplasia of any preaxial part of the upper extremity on ultrasonography was considered a radial ray defect. Maternal age, gestational week at diagnosis, laterality of the radial ray defect, genetic results, presence of comorbid anomalies, termination status, and postpartum prognosis were obtained. RESULTS:The range of maternal age at the time of diagnosis was 17-38 years and the gestational age ranged between 14-26 weeks. Four of the radial ray defects were bilateral, and ten were unilateral. Trisomy 18 was identified in two cases. Eight cases accepted the termination procedure. Three cases rejected termination and had spontaneous intrauterine death during pregnancy follow-up. One case was diagnosed with VACTERL association and died postpartum on the 13th day. One case was monitored due to Fanconi aplastic anemia and one case had amniotic band syndrome in etiology and lives with a prosthetic arm. CONCLUSION:The frequency of a radial ray defect accompanied by syndromic and congenital anomalies was high, and visualization of the radial bone or other preaxial bone structures on the 1st trimester fetal ultrasonography will ensure the diagnosis of a radial ray defect in early gestational weeks. In the case of a radial ray defect diagnosis, systemic organ screening should be performed with detailed ultrasonography and the necessary invasive procedure for karyotype examination should be advised to all families.

This study aimed to compare different hysterectomy techniques regarding postsurgical pain. Women who underwent hysterectomy for nonmalignant etiologies between January 2019 and March 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The participants were divided into 4 groups based on the surgical techniques performed: abdominal hysterectomy (AH), laparoscopic hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, and vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES). Pain scores and analgesic consumption were used for pain assessment. Parameters before the surgery and 24 hours, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation were retrospectively evaluated. Additionally, possible factors associated with pain, such as age, previous pelvic pain, previous abdominal surgery, indications for surgery duration of the surgery, volume of hysterectomy material, mean postoperative hospital stay, and blood transfusion were analyzed. A total of 264 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty (11.3%) patients reported postsurgical chronic pain (PSCP). The mean number of days with postoperative pain was highest in the AH group and lowest in the vNOTES group. AH patients had the highest pain scores at the 24th hour and 1 week after surgery, and vNOTES cases had the lowest pain frequency in the 3rd- and 6th-month records. The preoperative presence of pain and higher pain intensity in the early postoperative period were other factors associated with PSCP. There was no significant difference in perioperative complications. The results of this study suggest that vNOTES is superior to other hysterectomy techniques in terms of postoperative chronic pain control without increased perioperative complication rates. Effective pain control during the early postoperative period may decrease the frequency of PSCP.

OBJECTIVES:To investigate grade 3 isthmocele resection performed via hysteroscopy and the impact of isthmocele size on symptoms caused by isthmocele and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with grade 3 isthmocele who underwent hysteroscopy between January 2014 and June 2022. Age, body mass index, obstetric & gynecologic characteristics, operation duration, complications, and pre- and postoperative hemoglobin levels were recorded. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Patients were divided into two groups based on isthmocele volume: < 36 mm² and ≥ 36 mm². RESULTS:A total of 47 women with a mean age of 36.6 ± 4.7 were included in the study. Twenty-two (46.81%) had an isthmocele size of < 36 mm² while 25 (53.19%) were in the ≥ 36 mm² group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic and surgical characteristics, and there were no complications. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in menstrual bleeding length, severity of postmenstrual spotting, frequency of postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea, analgesic use, and quality of life. Compared to the < 36 mm² group, the ≥ 36 mm² group had significantly higher frequency of preoperative analgesic use (p = 0.041), better postoperative quality of life (p = 0.031), and greater improvement in quality of life (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS:Hysteroscopic isthmocele resection is an effective and safe method for treating isthmocele and achieves considerable improvements in symptoms and quality of life. Patients with larger isthmoceles experience greater improvements in several parameters, suggesting the inclusion of isthmocele volume in treatment decisions.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the association of unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in fetuses with genetic disorders, syndromic conditions, accompanying anatomical anomalies, and postnatal prognosis. METHODS:Cases diagnosed with multicystic dysplastic kidney and followed at the Perinatology Clinic of Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University between January 2012 and June 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, ultrasonographic, genetic, and postnatal outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS:Thirty-eight fetuses with multicystic dysplastic kidney were identified during intrauterine life. The diagnosis was made via antenatal ultrasonography in 97.2% of cases. Laterality was on the left side in 55.3% and on the right side in 44.7% of multicystic dysplastic kidney cases. The cohort consisted of 42.1% females and 57.9% males. Major extrarenal anomalies were present in 21.1% of fetuses with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Amniocentesis for karyotyping was performed in 23.7% of cases, all of which yielded normal karyotypes. Contralateral kidney anomalies were detected in 13.2% of cases, and ureterocele was observed in 15.8%. The most common postnatal anomalies were ureteropelvic junction obstruction and grade four-five vesicoureteral reflux. During a mean follow-up period of 7 years, no cases of hypertension or Wilms tumor were identified. CONCLUSION:Prenatal diagnosis of multicystic dysplastic kidney is crucial for early detection of potential contralateral kidney anomalies and predicting postnatal outcomes. In cases of isolated multicystic dysplastic kidney, the likelihood of karyotypic abnormalities, malignancies, or hypertension is very low, and the postnatal prognosis is favorable.

A recurring, passive, and painless dilatation of the cervix in the second trimester is known as cervical insufficiency. Although the exact cause is unknown, subclinical intra-amniotic infection may be linked to it. The purpose of this research is to see if there is a link between interleukin 6 (IL6) -174G > C (rs1800795) and interleukin 10 (IL10) -1082A > G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and cervical insufficiency. DNA samples from 93 patients with cervical insufficiency and 103 healthy controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Any statistically significant difference wasn’t found between cervical insufficiency patients and healthy controls in terms of allele and genotype distributions of IL6 -174G > C and IL10 -1082A > G polymorphisms (p > 0.05). However according to composite genotyping analysis, CC/AA (IL6 -174G > C / IL10 -1082A > G) composite genotype revealed a significant difference between patients and controls (p = 0.049). Number of abortion and CC/AA (IL6 -174G > C / IL10 -1082A > G) composite genotype was also associated with each other (p = 0.006). Although we did not find an association between IL6 -174G > C (rs1800795) and IL10 -1082A > G (rs1800896) polymorphisms and cervical insufficiency individually, it seems that these polymorphisms together may predispose to the disease and its severity.

A structural or functional cervix problem prevents a woman from carrying a full-term pregnancy, which leads to the disease known as cervical insufficiency. Cervical insufficiency is partially inherited, and in certain situations, variations in genes related to connective tissue metabolism may be involved. The main objective of this investigation was to describe the collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) gene rs1800012 polymorphism and the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene rs1800471 polymorphism in a cohort of patients suffering from cervical insufficiency. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays have been used to analyze the DNAs of 93 patients with cervical insufficiency and 103 healthy controls. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. There were significant differences in the genotype frequencies of the COL1A1 gene rs1800012 (G > T) and TGFB1 gene rs1800471 (G > C) polymorphisms between the patient and the control groups (p = 0.049 and p = 0.049, respectively). Also, the C allele of the TGFB1 rs1800471 polymorphism was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.016). Following clinical assessment, the COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism was found to be connected to the history of cerclage (p = 0.010). Additionally, the frequency of the TT/GG composite genotype of COL1A1 rs1800012/TGFB1 rs1800471 polymorphisms was significantly lower in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.049). The TT genotype of COL1A1 rs1800012 polymorphism was found to be protective against cervical insufficiency, while the C allele of TGFB1 rs1800471 polymorphism was found to predispose to the disease. It appears that the TT/GG composite genotype of COL1A1 rs1800012/TGFB1 rs1800471 polymorphisms protects against cervical insufficiency.

We aimed to investigate the promoter methylation status of RASSF1A and RASSF2A tumor suppressor genes in endometrial endometrioid carcinomas with p53 wild type and mismatch repair proficient. Genomic DNAs were isolated from 50 specimens (15 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissues, 15 paired blood samples and 20 normal endometrial tissues). Bisulfide modification and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were performed. As a result of the study, while no significance was found for RASSF1A gene (p = 0.08), a statistically significance was found for RASSF2A gene (p < 0.001), RASSF2A gene methylation status was also found higher in high grade tumors, advanced age (>= 50) and nonsmokers groups. Our results indicate that RASSF2A gene may play a role in the carcinogenesis of endometrioid and it could be potential biomarker for early detection for endometrioid carcinoma. Further and larger investigations are needed to confirm our results.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) significantly contribute to pediatric morbidity, often necessitating ureterorenal surgery. This study explored the relationship between genetic mutations, renal surgery requirements, and prenatal, postnatal, and parental risk factors in children with CAKUT. A retrospective analysis of 651 children diagnosed with CAKUT included patient demographics, parental risk factors, ultrasound findings, genetic mutations, and surgical incidence. Antenatal ultrasounds showed normal findings in 32.1%, hydronephrosis in 46.9%, and other abnormalities in 21% of cases. Surgical intervention correlated with higher hydronephrosis reduction than non-intervention. Genetic mutations were identified in 5.4% of cases, with 24.6% requiring surgery. Low neonatal birth weight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, p < 0.001), advanced maternal age (OR = 1.06, p < 0.001), and postnatal abnormal ultrasound findings (OR = 2.62, p < 0.001) were associated with increased genetic mutation risks. Antenatal hydronephrosis (OR = 3.85, p < 0.001) and postnatal urinary tract infections (OR = 4.85, p < 0.001) increased the likelihood of surgical intervention. Neonatal birth weight, maternal age, and postnatal ultrasound findings were identified as independent risk factors for genetic mutations, while no significant link was found between these genetic factors and the need for surgery. Surgical needs were associated with urinary tract infections and antenatal hydronephrosis, indicating that timely surgical intervention may benefit these patients.

OBJECTIVE:Recurrent pregnancy loss is considerably a reproductive health problem for couples. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play an important role in the development of recurrent pregnancy loss. While there are many causes, genetic and epigenetic factors are common. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between miR604 (rs2368393) A>G gene polymorphism and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in the Turkish population. METHODS:The study included 250 participants (i.e., 150 patients and 100 controls). DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood, and polymerase chain reactions and restriction fragment length polymorphism methodologies were applied. RESULTS:The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of miR604A>G gene showed statistically significant differences between patients and control groups (p=0.002 and p<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION:As a result of the study, we found that the AA genotype and A allele of the miR604A>G gene were statistically significant for the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in Turkish women.

Abstract Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with growth retardation and delayed pubertal development in the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CKD on growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents by considering factors such as dialysis and transplantation. Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 52 pediatric patients aged 0-18 diagnosed with stages 2-5 CKD, undergoing dialysis treatment or kidney transplantation. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, pubertal development, and treatment methods were also collected. The relationships between these factors and pubertal development were also analyzed. Results:This study revealed significant delays in growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents with CKD. The mean age at menarche was 12.79, and 32.8% of the patients had primary amenorrhea. Patients on dialysis and those who underwent transplantation displayed further growth and pubertal outcomes. Factors such as the CKD stage (r = 0.35, p = 0.02) and age at diagnosis (r = -0.28, p = 0.01) significantly influenced the relationship between CKD and pubertal development. Results were associated with delayed pubertal growth in this population. Conclusion:Our findings underscore the significant impact of CKD on the growth and pubertal development of children and adolescents. Early detection, intervention, and comprehensive management of CKD and its complications could aid in improving growth and pubertal outcomes in this vulnerable population.

The aim of the present study was to calculate maternal mortality rates by analyzing pregnancy-related death cases in Samsun over the last 20 years, to identify causes of death and preventability, and to examine the change over the years. The Samsun Provincial Health Directorate's pregnancy-related mortality data from 2002 to 2021 were examined retrospectively. Causes of maternal death were classified as direct, indirect, undecided, and incidental. The maternal mortality rate was calculated as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Between 2002 and 2021, Samsun experienced a total of 344,324 live births juxtaposed with 79 pregnancy-related deaths. The computed maternal mortality rate is 19.16 per 100,000 live births across the two-decade span. Detailed analysis reveals that 30 deaths (38%) were attributable to direct causes, 31 (39.2%) to indirect causes, 13 (16.5%) were incidental, and 5 (6.3%) remained inconclusive post-autopsy. A breakdown of the direct causes unveils obstetric bleeding as the primary culprit (18.2%), trailed by cardiovascular diseases (13.6%). Moreover, incidental causes, represented by traffic accidents, account for a 7.6% fatality rate. While the observed decline in maternal deaths, particularly from preventable direct causes, over the previous twenty years signifies the efficacy of the instated health policies, the persistent mortality underscores the imperative for ongoing research and strategy recalibration. Identifying fluctuations in causative factors through comparative analyses is pivotal in strategizing future preventive studies on pregnancy-related deaths. The results advocate a pronounced emphasis on continuous professional development to curtail mortalities from avoidable sources, especially postpartum hemorrhage, thereby fortifying existing health policies with reinforced, data-driven interventions.

Objective: The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has deteriorating effects on vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. Previous studies suggested increased adverse pregnancy outcomes like preeclampsia in this population, but the results are inconclusive. Therefore, this study evaluated the changes in adverse pregnancy outcomes, primarily preeclampsia, among pregnant women in the Black Sea region in Turkey. Material and Methods: This study included all deliveries between April 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019, as the pre-pandemic cohort and between April 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021, as the pandemic cohort. The primary objective of the study was to compare the preeclampsia rates. Results: A total of 4379 patients were included, 2000 in pre-pandemic and 2379 in pandemic cohorts. The preeclampsia rate in the pre-pandemic cohort (11.0%) was similar to the pandemic cohort (9.7%) (p=0.16), likewise, the mean baby weights were also similar between cohorts (p=0.32). Conclusion: The preeclampsia rates in the pre-pandemic period did not change significantly during the pandemic. However, this was based on observational data, which needs further evaluation and confirmation in controlled studies.

Purpose This study aimed to compare the results of patients with laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) and sacrospinous fixation (SSF). Methods This prospective observational study included 52 patients who underwent LLS and 53 patients who underwent SSF due to pelvic organ prolapse. The pelvic organ prolapse’s anatomical cure and the frequency of recurrence have been recorded. Female Sexual Function Index, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score, and complications were evaluated preoperatively and at the postoperative 24th month. Results In the LLS group, the subjective treatment rate was 88.4% and the anatomical cure rate for apical prolapse was 96.1%. In the SSF group, the subjective treatment rate was 83.0% and the anatomical cure rate for apical prolapse was 90.5%. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding Clavien-Dindo classification and reoperation ( p < 0.05). Female Sexual Function Index, and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score were different between the groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions This study showed that there is no difference between two surgical techniques in apical prolapse cure rates. However, the LLS seem preferable in terms of the Female Sexual Function Index, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score, reoperation, and complications. We need larger sample size studies in terms of incidence of complications and reoperation.

The advances in utilization of USG in antenatal routine follow-up resulted with increased diagnosis of antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH). This study was conducted to elaborate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, management, outcomes, and possible risk factors of the ANH. A total of 229 cases diagnosed with ANH during the antenatal follow-up at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of OndokuzMayis University between 2004 and 2022 were included. The ANH was defined as an USG finding suggesting a hydronephrosis 7 mm. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment and outcomes in the postnatal period were assessed retrospectively. About 75% of the cases were male, 8% were premature births, and the mean gestational week of diagnosis was 22±3 weeks. About 43.7% of mothers had urinary tract infections, and family history of a kidney disease was present in 24.5% of mothers’ and 20.5% of fathers’ family histories.38.7% of cases undergone surgery. At the end of 6-month follow-up, 37.3% had regressed and 38.7% of them had stable hydronephrosis, and 18.9% of them had normal findings in USG. Male gender, increased gestational urinary tract infections, and family histories of parents for a kidney disease were found as possible risk factors for development of ANH. Close follow-up and timely intervention including surgery provides favorable outcomes in these cases.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Furthermore, it is the 9thmost common cancer in all ages and the 4thmost common in the 25-49 age group of women in Turkey. Given these significantly high figures, it is a significant public health problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of patients screened for Human papillomavirus (HPV) in a tertiary-care setting in Turkey. This is a retrospective chart review of patients admitted for clinical examinations and who underwent cervical cancer screening between 1 January 2017 and 1 March 2022. The data analyses included HPV positivity, genotype distribution, cytology analyses, colposcopy results, pathological diagnoses, and follow-up methods. A total of 529 cases were included, of whom 41.6% were HPV positive. The most frequent HPV types were HPV-16 (16.6%) and HPV-high risk (HR) (12.1%). Cytology analyses revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 17.8% and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 12.7%. The most common pathological finding was cervicitis in 23.1% (n=122), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-1 in 9.3% (n=49), CIN-3 in 4% (n=21), and CIN-2 in 3.8% (n=20) of patients. HPV-59 (p=0.027) and HPV-HR (p=0.003) genotypes were determined in higher proportions in patients with ≥ASC-US cytology, and HPV-16 was significantly higher among patients with ≥CIN-1 lesions. The HPV positivity rate was 41.6% among women admitted to our tertiary-care university hospital for gynecological assessments. Distribution differences in HPV genotypes, cytology assessments, and pathological diagnoses might reflect the population characteristics in different geographical regions from previous studies. Our results provide current data for HPV surveillance in the Turkish population.

Abstract The formation, development, and survival of the placenta are critical for the successful conclusion of pregnancy. Placental oxidative stress, inflammation, and other possible threats may adversely affect the development of the placenta. Magnesium, known to be a potent anti-inflammatory, may have positive effects on placental development. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of magnesium. 12 normal and 12 magnesium supplementation-used patients were included in the study. After delivery, placentas were collected, and Bcl-2, Ki-67, and Collagen IV expression levels were analyzed immunohistochemically. While there was a statistical difference in Bcl-2 and Collagen IV expression levels, no difference was found in Ki-67 expression levels. Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties were seen in the magnesium supplementation-used patients. Using magnesium during pregnancy may be beneficial in terms of placental development.

The diagnosis of endometriosis may delay for many years due to non-deterministic symptoms and avoiding surgical interventions. Kisspeptins are hormones that interact with endometrial tissue to limit invasions during placentation and various cancers and are suggested to be also associated with endometriosis. This study evaluated if serum kisspeptin levels are associated with the invasion depth in endometriosis. Forty patients between 18 and 45 years of age and admitted to a tertiary-care Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between 2020 and 2021 with a diagnosis of endometriosis, and 40 patients without endometrioma were included in the study. Demographic, obstetric, clinical, and biochemical characteristics were evaluated in patients with superficial (SE) and deep infiltrating (DIE) endometriosis and healthy controls. Twenty patients (50%) had SE, 14 (35%) had DIE, and 22 (55%) had endometrioma in the patient group. Fertility rates were higher among controls, but similar between patients with SE and DIE. CA125 levels were significantly higher in the DIE group. SE and DIE groups had similar kisspeptin values, significantly higher than controls. CA125 and kisspeptin levels were not correlated in study groups. Serum kisspeptin levels were significantly different between endometriosis patients and healthy controls. However, kisspeptin levels were unable to differentiate endometriosis severity. Our results suggest that kisspeptins might play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, which needs further assessment in more comprehensive studies.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected cancer screening activities all over the World. The accumulating data suggest that delayed admissions to screening and clinical assessments are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cancer. This study aimed to provide data on cervical cancer screenings and clinical outcomescomparatively before and during the pandemic. Method: This study retrospectively compared the demographic and clinical characteristics, screening test results, andcolposcopy assessments of women admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary-care university hospital before and after March 11, 2020, considered as the date of announcement of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 382 patients with a median age of 32 years were included (174 in pre-pandemic and 208 in pandemic periods).In HPV DNA analyses, serotypes reported as high-risk were significantly increased to 22.1%, while others had minor changes in the pandemic. In cytological studies, normal cytology results were significantly decreased to 32.8% from 45.9%, and the ASC-US diagnoses were significantly increased from 12.8% to 27.4%. In addition, the colposcopy examinations revealed that the cold knife cone was increased from zero to 15.3%, routine follow-up was decreased from 88.2% to 71.4%, normal pathologies were decreased from 40.4% to 30.1%, and CIN1 and CIN2 decreased, but CIN3 rose from 3.6% to 6.6%. The HPV DNA and colposcopy follow-up were significantly increased during the pandemic. Conclusions: This study is the first report on the increased numbers of diagnoses of advanced lesions in cervical cancer screenings during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic admissions in Turkey. Our results implythe need for immediate actions to normalize cervical cancer screenings to avoid any further morbidity and mortality. High-risk HPV-DNA results in the Covid period were found to be higher than before the Covid period. Keywords: Cervical cancer, screening, cervical smear, cytology, colposcopy, clinical outcomes, COVID-19, pandemic, Turkey