Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising approach of biosolids management and its utilization as a soil amendment. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of hydrothermally converted biosolids (Sewchar) and its effect as a potential soil amendment on the growth of rice, beans, and radish. The germination experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized design using five Sewchar doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha-1). The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization influences the physicochemical properties of the biosolids, such as promoting pore structure and trace elements below the threshold values for use in agriculture. The spectroscopic techniques demonstrated higher presence of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., CO/OH) on surfaces of Sewchar than that of biosolids. The Sewchar doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 60 Mg ha-1 yielded the highest dry biomass for beans and rice respectively. Increasing Sewchar doses negatively correlated with radish dry biomass, as indicated by linear regression equation fitting (p < 0.05). Thus, biomass responses to Sewchar application into the soil varied with Sewchar dose and type of plant. For a proper environmental management, a survey was conducted to assess farmers' perception and acceptance of Sewchar as a soil amendment. The survey revealed that younger farmers who had higher education qualifications were more prone to use Sewchar as soil amendment. Additionally, farmers who would not use Sewchar as soil amendment attributed the highest level of importance to economic criteria, such as fertilizer and freight prices. In the future, studies on a longer term under field conditions should be performed to elucidate the interactions between Sewchar and soil properties on plant growth and to ensure the safe use of Sewchar as a soil amendment.

This study compared the effects of sewchar and mineral fertilizer on plant responses in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. "Jalo precoce") and soil properties in a pot experiment in a completely randomized design with two harvests. The initial treatments consisted of a control, sewchar doses of 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha(-1) and mineral fertilizer (30 mg N, 90 mg P2O5 and 60 mg K2O kg(-1)). The treatments (4 replications each) were fertilized with 135 mg P2O5 kg(-1) at the second harvest. The sewchar application rates correlated positively with the CEC, the water holding capacity, the availability of Zn, Ca, Fe, Cu, and P, and the concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, total N, total organic carbon and hot water extractable carbon. They correlated negatively with the Mg availability and the soil C:N ratio. Additionally, they correlated positively with the P, Zn and Ca uptake from the soil. For both harvests, the 16 Mg ha(-1) sewchar treatment had a total dry matter equivalent to that of the mineral fertilizer. After the second harvest, the 16 Mg ha(-1) sewchar treatment revealed 96% higher plant biomass than the control and 79% higher biomass than it did during the first period. The positive effect of sewchar in addition to phosphorous on the plant response and soil properties suggests that the residual effect of sewchar could be a promising alternative as a soil amendment for partly replacing mineral fertilizers. In future, further studies are necessary to evaluate long-term residual effects of sewchar in soil. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrochar derived from Argan nut shell (ANS) was synthesized and applied to remove bisphenol A (BPA) and diuron. The results indicated that the hydrochar prepared at 200 °C (HTC@ANS-200) possessed a higher specific surface area (42 m 2 /g) than hydrochar (HTC@ANS-180) prepared at 180 °C (17 m 2 /g). The hydrochars exhibited spherical particles, which are rich in functional groups. The HTC@ANS-200 exhibited high adsorption efficiency, of about 92% of the BPA removal and 95% of diuron removal. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of HTC@ANS-200 at room temperature were 1162.79 mg/for Bisphenol A and 833.33 mg/g for diuron (higher than most reported adsorbents). The adsorption process was spontaneous (− ΔG°) and exothermic (− ΔH°). Excellent reusability was reclaimed after five cycles, the removal efficiency showed a weak decrease of 4% for BPA and 1% for diuron. The analysis of Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry demonstrated that the aromatic C=C and OH played major roles in the adsorption mechanisms of BPA and diuron in this study. The high adsorption capacity was attributed to the beneficial porosity (The pore size of HTC@ANS-200 bigger than the size of BPA and diuron molecule) and surface functional groups. BPA and diuron adsorption occurred also via multiple adsorption mechanisms, including pore filling, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions on HTC@ANS-200.

The use of argan nut shell as a precursor for producing activated carbon was investigated in this work. Two activated carbons AC-HP and AC-Na were prepared from argan nut shell by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), respectively. Textural, morphological, and surface chemistry characteristics were studied by nitrogen physisorption, TGA, SEM, TXRF, FTIR, XRD, and by determining the pHPZC of the AC-HP. The adsorption experiments revealed that AC-HP was more efficient in adsorption of BPA due to high specific surface area (1372 m2/g) compared to AC-Na (798 m2/g). The obtained adsorption data of BPA on AC-HP correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm (Qmax = 1250 mg/g at 293 K). The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG° < 0, ΔH° < 0, and ΔS° < 0) indicate that adsorption of BPA on AC-HP was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The regeneration of AC-HP showed excellent results after 5 cycles (95–93%). This work does not only provide a potential way to use argan nut shell but also represents a sustainable approach to synthesize AC-HP, which might be an ideal material for various applications (energy storage, catalysis, and environmental remediation).

Unfortunately, in the original publication of the article, Prof. Yong Sik Ok's affiliation was incorrectly published. The author's affiliation is as follows.

文章以校园餐厨垃圾为原料,以水热炭化的方法处理餐厨垃圾,对得到的水热炭化固体产物生物煤的特性参数进行测定,得出生物煤的热值及灰分均达到GB/T 17608-2006精煤的一级标准.通过3水平3因素正交试验,对水热炭化工艺条件进行优化,得到影响因素的主次顺序为温度＞pH＞反应时间,合适的工艺条件为180℃,pH为4,反应时间为3h.在温度160～220℃范围内,随着反应温度的增高,生物煤的热值增加,而其转化率则是先增高,后趋于平缓,最后急速下降.在优化工艺条件下对餐厨垃圾进行水热炭化,得到生物煤热值为30.18 MJ/kg,转化率为54.08％.对餐厨垃圾及优化条件下得到的生物煤进行元素分析,得出经过水热炭化后,碳的质量百分含量从49.00％提高到65.93％,而氧元素的质量分数降低了17.98％.同时,水热炭化改变了餐厨垃圾的极性及芳香性.

At the example of particle shape analysis the application of selforganisung maps and feedforward backpropagation networks is shown. The main problem is the feature extraction out of a big amount of data. This is done by interpretation of the structure of the Kohonen-layer.

A system for simultaneous three-dimensional measurement of particle shape has been developed. The system is based on a free-fall analysis. Free-failing particles are captured from three orthogonal directions and reconstructed in the three-dimensional sense. The three-dimensional information can be used for particle characterization as well as for simulations of particle behavior.

One project that the Brazilian European Center for Sustainability (BECS) has been focused on is the transformation of biogas to energy at Goiania landfill. The landfill of Goiania is located at the Goiania City in the Middle East area of Brazil. This work presents an anatomy of a business plan for the project to provide a pathway of profit and all additional kind of documentation that a lender or investor requires for investing in such a business. A business plan will gather important impact information and bridge building of different key actors in order to convince a potential investor that a regional added value could be created to solve the pertaining problems of Goianiapsilas inhabitants. This project also fits into the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol by the sustainable treatment of waste.

Im Rahmen des DFG-Projektes Bo1041/7-2 wurde ein 3D-Simulationsprogramm entwickelt und implementiert. Dieses ist in der Lage, Schuttungen aus beliebig geformten Partikeln zu erstellen. Dazu werden triangulierte polygonale Partikel einzeln in einen virtuellen Behalter fallen gelassen. Anschliesend konnen diese visualisiert und Ebenenschnitte erzeugt werden. Die Ebenenschnitte ermoglichen die Bestimmung der wichtigsten Schuttungsparameter. In dieser Arbeit wird ein einsatzbereites Softwarewerkzeug erstellt.

To investigate the formation and growth of solid bridges between urea particles, the changes in the contact region between two discrete particles are measured. The work is carried out using a Double-Particle-System (DPS). The DPS was stored in a climatic chamber. The effect of load, temperature, relative humidity, and storage time on the formation of a bridge between these particles was analyzed. The objective was to describe the geometrical changes in the contact region and to measure the strength of the resulting interparticle bridge.

Zur Untersuchung der Ausbildung von Feststoffbrucken zwischen Harnstoffpartikeln werden die Veranderungen in der Kontaktregion zwischen zwei diskreten Partikeln gemessen. Die Untersuchungen werden anhand von Zweipartikelsystemen durchgefuhrt, die in einem Klimaschrank unter definierten Bedingungen gelagert werden. Hierbei wird der Einfluss der Parameter – mechanische Belastung der Partikel, Temperatur, relative Luftfeuchte und Lagerzeit – auf das Wachstum einer Feststoffbrucke zwischen den Partikeln analysiert. Ziel ist es, die geometrischen Veranderungen in der Kontaktregion zu beschreiben sowie die Zugfestigkeit der Feststoffbrucke zu messen.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 69, Issue 3 p. 337-341 Wissenschaftliche Kurzmitteilungen Präparationsfreie Partikelmeßtechnik an Schüttungen und Haufwerken mittels automatischer Bildanalyse Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Kohlus, Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Kohlus CUTEC Institut; Clausthaler-Umwelttechnik-Institut GmbH, D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bottlinger, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bottlinger Fachhochschule Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld und CUTEC-Institut GmbHSearch for more papers by this author Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Kohlus, Dipl.-Ing. Reinhard Kohlus CUTEC Institut; Clausthaler-Umwelttechnik-Institut GmbH, D-38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bottlinger, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Bottlinger Fachhochschule Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld und CUTEC-Institut GmbHSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 February 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330690313AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume69, Issue3March 1997Pages 337-341 RelatedInformation

Bei der Herstellung von Lebensmitteln wird eine strenge Überwachung der Qualität und Hygiene des Produktionsprozesses und der Endprodukte gefordert. Dieses kann im Extremfall nur durch Experten gewährleistet werden, die z. B. mit Hilfe eines Fernberatungssystems eine Begutachtung von Proben durchführen können. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein System zur Qualitätskontrolle in der Lebensmittelindustrie, bei dem ISDN als Kommunikationsmedium genutzt wird. Es werden verschiedene Anwendungsszenarien, die Konzepte des kooperativen Systems (z. B. das 3-Phasen Modell) und ein Anwendungsbeispiel vorgestellt.