The western Himalaya of Pakistan forms a classic fold and thrust belt with a foreland defined by the Salt Range thrust, Main Boundary thrust, and Panjal-Khairabad thrust, and a hinterland that stretches northward from the Panjal-Khairabad thrust across the Peshawar Basin, through the mountains of Swat and Hazara, to the Main Mantle thrust (MMT), which is the westward extension of the Indus suture zone. The MMT separates the Indian plate from the Kohistan island arc complex, which forms the southern margin of the amalgamated Asian tectonic plate. Rocks in the hinterland underwent deformation and regional metamorphism in early Cenozoic as a result of the collision between India and Kohistan along the MMT. The purpose of this contribution is to review the stratigraphy, structure, and thermal evolution of the western Himalayan hinterland region in order to clarify our present knowledge and to address inconsistencies regarding geologic history. The goal is to create a compre-hensive understanding and working model of the hinterland region. We do this by synthesizing and evaluating all published isotopic age data from the region, and by placing each age into the stratigraphic and structural framework of a geologic map created during more than 1.5 years of traverse and reconnaissance field mapping over a 12-year period. We add 17 new isotopic ages that have bearing on the stratigraphic, intrusive, and metamorphic history. Stratigraphy is described as pre-. syn-, and post-rift, dependent on its age relative to a strong Carboniferous-Triassic rifting event that featured plutonism, normal faulting, deposition, the erosional removal of Paleozoic rocks from northern areas of the hinterland, and potentially multiple periods of Panjal Trap volcanism extending to the Late Triassic. We show that stratigraphy can be traced continuously across the hinterland region without disruption across Cenozoic faults except in the MMT zone where there are four separate areas of Indus me ' lange and three adjacent thrust slices of Indian plate rock, one of which is newly recognized. We provide evidence that all of the me ' lange and Indian plate thrust slices were emplaced at about the same time prior to peak Cenozoic metamorphism in underlying hinterland rocks, and prior to 50 Ma. We find no evidence for thrusting since that time. Geologic and isotopic evidence suggests that the Kohistan arc and underlying thrust slices were emplaced in a southwestward direction and that the arc was in place against hinterland rocks prior to ca. 48.1 Ma. Hinterland rocks had reached peak metamorphism and were cooling by ca. 50 Ma except in the Loe Sar and Kotah domes where cooling was delayed until ca. 39 Ma. The Kohistan arc underwent eastward translation post-45.8 Ma during folding and erosional exhumation of hinterland rocks. The Indus syntaxis is a long-lived anticlinal structure that it is currently active. Pre-Cenozoic history includes plu-tonism in the Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Early and Middle Ordovician, and Permian, and possible tectonism in Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene. There are indications of pre-Cenozoic regional metamorphism within metasedimentary rock, but they are masked by Cenozoic metamorphism such that their extent, if any, is unknown.

The Indus Group is a Paleogene, syntectonic sequence from the Indus Suture Zone of the Ladakh Himalaya, India. Overlying several pre-collisional tectonic units, it constrains the timing and nature of India's collision with Eurasia in the western Himalaya. Field and petrographic data now allow Mesozoic-Paleocene deep-water sediments underlying the Indus Group to be assigned to three pre-collisional units: the Jurutze Formation (the forearc basin to the Cretaceous-Paleocene Eurasian active margin), the Khalsi Flysch (a Eurasian forearc sequence recording collapse of the Indian continental margin and ophiolite obduction), and the Lamayuru Group (the Mesozoic passive margin of India). Cobbles of neritic limestone, deep-water radiolarian chert and mafic igneous rocks, derived from the south (i.e. from India), are recognized within the upper Khalsi Flysch and the unconformably overlying fluvial sandstones of the Chogdo Formation, the base of the Indus Group. The Chogdo Formation is the first unit to overlie all three pre-collisional units and constrains the age of India-Eurasia collision to being no younger than latest Ypresian time (>49 Ma), consistent with marine magnetic data suggesting initial collision in the Arabian Sea region at c. 55 Ma. The cutting of equatorial Tethyan circulation north of India at that time may have been a trigger to the major changes in global palaeoceanography seen at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. New Ar-40/Ar-39, apatite fission-track and illite crystallinity data from the Ladakh Batholith and Indus Group show that the batholith, representing the old active margin of Eurasia, experienced rapid Eocene cooling after collision, but was not significantly reheated when the Indus Group basin was inverted during north-directed Miocene thrusting (23-20 Ma). Subsequent erosion has preferentially removed 5-6 km (c. 200 degreesC) over much of the exposed Indus Group, but only c. 2 km from the Ladakh Batholith. Reworking of this material into the Indus fan may complicate efforts to interpret palaeo-erosion patterns from the deep-sea sedimentary record.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 63, Issue 3 p. 250-252 Kurzmitteilungen Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeiten und räumlicher Orientierungen monodisperser, faserartiger Feststoffpartikeln in einer konvergierenden Düse Dipl.-Ing. Mansur Maleki, Dipl.-Ing. Mansur Maleki Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dr.-Ing. Michael Krol Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Ebert Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this author Dipl.-Ing. Mansur Maleki, Dipl.-Ing. Mansur Maleki Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dr.-Ing. Michael Krol Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Ebert Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, FB Maschinenwesen, Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49, 6750 Kaiserslautern.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330630314Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume63, Issue3March 1991Pages 250-252 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 57, Issue 3 p. 254-255 Wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeit Zur Partikelbewegung in turbulent strömenden, hochkonzentrierten Feststoffsuspensionen† Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol Univ. Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Maschinenwesen, Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, 6750 Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert Univ. Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Maschinenwesen, Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, 6750 Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49Search for more papers by this author Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol Univ. Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Maschinenwesen, Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, 6750 Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert Univ. Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Maschinenwesen, Lehrstuhl für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Strömungsmechanik, 6750 Kaiserslautern, Postfach 30 49Search for more papers by this author First published: 1985 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330570320Citations: 1 † Vortrag von M. Krol auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 19. bis 21. Sept. 1984 in München. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume57, Issue31985Pages 254-255 RelatedInformation

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 55, Issue 6 p. 498-499 Wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeit Ermittlung der stochastischen Strömungsparameter von Partikelkollektiven, die in turbulent strömenden Medien suspendiert sind† Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert Fachbereich MaschinenwesenSearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol Fachbereich MaschinenwesenSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Madhukar Pandit, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Madhukar Pandit Fachbereich Elektrotechnik der Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 6750 KaiserslauternSearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Fritz Ebert Fachbereich MaschinenwesenSearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. Michael Krol, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Krol Fachbereich MaschinenwesenSearch for more papers by this authorProf. Dr.-Ing. Madhukar Pandit, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Madhukar Pandit Fachbereich Elektrotechnik der Univ. Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 6750 KaiserslauternSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.330550622Citations: 1 † Vortrag von F. Ebert auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure. 29. Sept. bis 1. Okt. 1982 in Basel. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Literatur 1 Kipphan, H.: Chem.-Ing.-Tech. 49 (1977) Nr. 9. S. 695/707. 2 Schlitt, H.; Dittrich, F.: Statistische Methoden der Regelungstechnik, Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1972. Citing Literature Volume55, Issue61983Pages 498-499 ReferencesRelatedInformation