The sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is crucial for food safety monitoring. However, conventional catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification strategies fundamentally constrained by diffusion-limited kinetics due to reliance on free diffusion. To address this limitation, we developed a spatial confinement-accelerated catalytic hairpin assembly (SCA-CHA) strategy. The target AFB1 initiates the formation of the Y-shaped scaffold, which spatially co-localizes the CHA reactants (two hairpins and one catalyst) at its three termini. This confinement drastically elevates the local effective concentration by over 5000-fold, thereby overcoming the diffusion barrier and accelerating the reaction kinetics. Furthermore, its successful application in complex food matrices (maize, red wine, milk) yielded satisfactory recoveries from 91.5% to 107.8%, underscoring its great potential for rapid and reliable on-site screening of food contaminants.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, yet chemotherapy resistance, tumor recurrence, and systemic toxicity limit current therapies. Here, we developed a multimodal Cu2-xSe@ZIF-8-crizotinib (CSZC) nanoplatform that integrates chemosensitization, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and self-sustaining chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The core-shell structure, consisting of ultrafine Cu2-xSe nanocrystals confined within a ZIF-8 framework, enables efficient crizotinib loading through mesoporous confinement and it-it interactions. Under near-infrared (808 nm) irradiation, photocatalysis converts O2 into cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Meanwhile, the acidic tumor microenvironment triggers ZIF-8 degradation, promoting Cu+/Cu2+-mediated Fenton-like conversion of H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (& sdot;OH). Concurrently, released crizotinib inhibits ALK/ROS1 signaling and enhances ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, forming a drug-sensitization/ROS-amplification feedback loop. This PDT-CDT-chemotherapy synergistic strategy provides an effective approach to enhance chemosensitivity and antitumor efficacy in CRC.

Background The efficacy and safety of glutamine supplementation in patients receiving hepatic surgery remain controversial. Methods A search strategy incorporating the terms “glutamine”, “liver transplantation”, and “hepatectomy” was applied across eight literature databases. Study quality was evaluated via the Risk of Bias 2.0 (ROB 2.0) tool, while statistical analyses were undertaken through R 4.4.1. Results 18 studies involving 1198 patients were encompassed. Meta-analysis revealed that immune factors Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3), Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4), and CD4/Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) were significantly higher in the glutamine cohort than those in the control cohort(SMD = 1.21, 0.25, 1.52, 0.99, and 0.77). Levels of inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) were markedly lower in the glutamine group (SMD = -2.03, -3.29, -1.86, -2.20, and -2.29). The glutamine cohort also exhibited a significant decrease in liver function indicators Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SMD = -1.03 and -1.05), while Cholinesterase (CHE) levels were significantly elevated (SMD = 0.61). Serum protein levels, including Albumin (ALB), Prealbumin (PA), and Total Protein (TP), were significantly higher in patients receiving glutamine (SMD = 0.68, 1.09, and 0.81). In addition, Adverse Events (AEs), defined as overall postoperative complications, were significantly less frequent in the glutamine group (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44‒0.79). Conclusion Glutamine supplementation in postoperative hepatic surgery patients enhances immune function, reduces inflammation, improves liver function, and decreases the incidence of AEs.

Tu, Ke, Lei Tian, Qi Zhu, Kailian Bai, Lin Li, Mengmei Fu, Mengxia Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhuo Zhan, Haoxi Li, Xiaojun Li, Ruofan Yi, Cheng Jiang, Hua Huang, and Mingming Zhang. Intraoperative opioid-free anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and esketamine versus conventional general anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy at 3,600 m: a randomized trial on hemodynamic stability and postoperative recovery. High Alt Med Biol. 27:8-16, 2026. BACKGROUND:Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) is gaining attention as an alternative to opioid-based techniques. However, its hemodynamic and clinical characteristics at high altitudes, where hypoxia and resource limitations prevail, remain unclear. METHODS:In this single-blind randomized trial, 48 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at 3,600 m were assigned to either a conventional general anesthesia (CGA) group (sevoflurane, sufentanil, remifentanil) or an OFA group (sevoflurane, dexmedetomidine, esketamine). The primary outcome was intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP); secondary outcomes included heart rate (HR), awakening time, sedation level, patient satisfaction, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), perioperative medication use, and adverse events. RESULTS:Compared with CGA, the OFA group maintained higher intraoperative MAP, with significant differences after induction (OFA: 87.9 ± 12.3 vs. CGA: 77.2 ± 11.7 mmHg, p < 0.005) and 10 minutes after incision (OFA: 83.5 ± 14.9 vs. CGA: 72.5 ± 9.8 mmHg, p < 0.005). The CGA group exhibited a significant MAP decline at 10 minutes postincision (72.5 ± 9.8 vs. baseline: 83.0 ± 9.1 mmHg, p < 0.001), whereas the OFA group showed a transient MAP increase after intubation (96.1 ± 16.1 vs. baseline: 85.8 ± 7.8 mmHg, p < 0.01). HR trends paralleled MAP changes. Awakening time was significantly longer with OFA (OFA: 20.4 ± 7.5 min vs. CGA: 10.6 ± 8.2 min, p < 0.001), while pain scores at 6 and 12 hours were lower (p < 0.005). Sedation, satisfaction, PONV, and medication use were comparable. No severe adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS:At high altitudes, OFA with dexmedetomidine and esketamine exhibited distinct clinical characteristics compared with opioid-based anesthesia, maintaining blood pressure and postoperative analgesia but less effectively blunting intubation-induced pressor responses and prolonging awakening time. These factors should be weighed when selecting anesthesia strategies in resource-limited, high-altitude settings, particularly when managing large numbers of patients.

BACKGROUND:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves the resection rate and reduces postoperative recurrence in gastric cancer (GC) but is often associated with significant toxicity. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of cancer, and Baohe Pingwei powder can help alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy and enhance the therapeutic effect. However, there is no clinical evidence supporting its use in patients who underwent surgery for GC treatment. AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Baohe Pingwei powder combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in postoperative patients with GC and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the treatment of postoperative patients with GC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 postoperative patients with GC admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of our hospital and treated between May 2024 and November 2024. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a control group (54 patients received S-1 + oxaliplatin chemotherapy 4 weeks after surgery) and a study group (26 cases were combined with Baohe Pingwei powder combined with S-1 + oxaliplatin). Clinical data were collected to compare the differences in objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse reactions of patients with GC after surgery under different treatment methods. Further based on the control of GC, patients were divided into an effective group (62 cases) and an ineffective group (18 cases). The relationship between Baohe Pingwei powder and clinical efficacy was analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis as well as a multivariate Cox risk model. RESULTS:The baseline characteristics including age, gender, and other demographic factors showed no significant differences between the control and observation groups (P > 0.05). In the observation group, there were 24 cases of effective treatment and 2 cases of ineffective treatment, with an ORR of 84.62% and a DCR of 92.31%. In the control group, there were 38 cases of effective treatment and 16 cases of ineffective treatment, with an ORR of 46.30% and a DCR of 70.37%. The treatment effect of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The Kaplan Meier curve showed that the risk of tumor recurrence and death in the observation group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (log rank P = 0.030 and P = 0.035, respectively). Subsequent stratification based on treatment response identified 62 patients in the effective group and 18 in the ineffective group. Intergroup comparison showed that the effective group had a higher proportion of Baohe Pingwei powder (P = 0.000), and there were statistically significant differences in tumor size, differentiation degree, and post-treatment levels of CD3+, CD4+, CA19-9, CA242, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α between the groups (P < 0.05). Further univariate and multivariate logistic analysis revealed that CD3+ and CD4+ T cell levels were significantly associated with treatment efficacy. The use of Baohe Pingwei powder was a protective factor for effective treatment, while CA19-9 and IL-6 levels were independent risk factors for ineffective treatment (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis found that without adjusting the model, the risk of ineffective treatment in patients significantly decreased with the increase of CD3+ and CD4+ and the decrease of CA19-9 and IL-6 (group 1 as a reference; group 2 hazard ratio: 0.624, 95% confidence interval: 0.437-0.986, P = 0.019). After adjusting for confounding factors such as Baohe Pingwei powder in Model 3, Cox regression results showed an increased risk of treatment failure. With the decrease of CD3+ and CD4+ and the increase of CA19-9 and IL-6, the risk of treatment failure in patients significantly increased (Group 1 as a reference; Group 2 hazard ratio: 1.439, 95% confidence interval: 1.208-1.614, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION:The combination therapy of Baohe Pingwei powder with neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated significant clinical benefits in postoperative patients with GC, including improved the ORR, DCR, extended progression-free survival, and overall survival as well as a reduced incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Furthermore, our finding indicated that decreased CD3+ and CD4+ levels along with evaluated CA199 and IL-6 levels served as important biomarkers predicting increased risk of treatment failure in this patient population.

BACKGROUND:Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a challenging complication following rectal cancer surgery, often leading to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. The use of reinforcement sutures is expected to reduce the rate of AL, their preventive effects are controversial. AIM:To determine the efficacy of reinforcing sutures in preventing AL in rectal cancer. METHODS:A systematic search of major medical databases was conducted to identify studies up to June 2024. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were assessed; the primary outcome assessed was the incidence of AL. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effect models under heterogeneity. RESULTS:This meta-analysis incorporated 20 studies involving 3726 patients. Pooled results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction AL incidence in the reinforced suture group (OR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.19-0.35, P < 0.001) than the unreinforced suture group. The reinforced suture group also exhibited a shorter hospital stay (MD: -1.17, 95%CI: -1.78 to -0.57, P < 0.001), earlier anal exhaust (MD: -0.13, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05, P = 0.002), longer operative time (MD: 15.25, 95%CI: 10.71-19.80, P < 0.001), lower infection rate (OR: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.29-1.00, P = 0.05) and lower reoperation rate (OR: 0.19, 95%CI: 0.08-0.45, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION:The results substantiate the clinical value of anastomotic reinforcement sutures in reducing AL incidence post-rectal cancer surgery. Nevertheless, these conclusions warrant verification through additional high-quality randomized controlled trials.

A self-driven and self-catalytic (SDSC) tripedal DNA nanomachine was developed for microRNA-21 (miR-21) detection. The microRNA could open one arm of tripedal DNA nanomachine to form DNAzyme with a nearby arm through the proximity effect. After DNAzyme's cleavage, the exposed DNA arm region competed with the third arm and produced a DNA segment (sequence Q). The released sequence Q initiated the next SDSC cycle of tripedal DNA nanomachine. In the special DNA nanomachines design, the components with close spatial localization were constructed on a single nanostructure, which significantly increased local reactant concentrations and reaction rates. A dynamic correlation was obtained from 10 pM to 50 nM between fluorescence signal and miR-21 concentration. The effective concentration of reactant greatly increased, compared with the free diffusible reactants. Consequently, the incubation time was significantly shorted to 35 min. This strategy showed a promising potential in miRNA detection and disease diagnosis.

AimTo summarize existing studies that focused on improving hospitalized patient safety through patient and family engagement interventions to identify priorities and gaps.DesignA scoping review.MethodsEight databases and citations of important reviews were searched on 30 September 2022. Two researchers independently screened the records. Then, two researchers extracted the data and cross-checked. The results were synthesized narratively, and a comparison was performed for studies from China and those from other countries.ResultsNinety-eight studies were included. The results indicated that patient and family engagement interventions were applied to decrease the incidence of patient safety incidents, and to improve the healthcare providers' and patients' knowledge, attitude or practice of patient safety. Most studies only engaged patients and families at the direct care level, and the engagement strategies at the organization and health system levels were insufficient. For stakeholders, many studies failed to consider patients' perspectives in intervention design and report taking staff training as a supportive strategy. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, were the main implementers of current interventions. Certain differences were observed between studies from China and those from other countries in the above aspects.ConclusionsInternational interest in engaging patient and family for patient safety is growing. Future studies should enhance the patient and family engagement as a partner in various patient safety at the direct care level, and further explore the engagement at the organization and health system levels.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses, as the main formal caregivers for patients, should promote patient and family engagement in patient safety, especially at direct care level. Nurse should also incorporate the perspectives of patients in the design and implementation of interventions.Reporting MethodPRISMA-ScR Checklist.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal malignant neoplasm, and the involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and HCC. Our goal was to investigate the role of BMP9 signaling in regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and cell cycle progression, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of BMP receptor inhibitors for HCC treatment. We observed that elevated levels of BMP9 expression in tumor tissues or serum samples from HCC patients were associated with a poorer prognosis. Through in vitro experiments utilizing the m6A dot blotting assay, we ascertained that BMP9 reduced the global RNA m6A methylation level in Huh7 and Hep3B cells, thereby facilitating their cell cycle progression. This effect was mediated by an increase in the expression of the inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 1 (ID1). Additionally, using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR(MeRIP-qPCR), we showed that the BMP9-ID1 pathway promoted CyclinD1 expression by decreasing the m6A methylation level in the 5′ UTR of mRNA. This occurred through the upregulation of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. In our in vivo mouse xenograft models, we demonstrated that blocking the BMP receptor with LDN-212854 effectively suppressed HCC growth and induced global RNA m6A methylation. Overall, our findings indicate that the BMP9-ID1 pathway promotes HCC cell proliferation by down-regulating the m6A methylation level in the 5′ UTR of CyclinD1 mRNA. Targeting the BMP9-ID1 pathway holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HCC.

The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high, with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients facing a significantly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ultimate objective of antiviral therapy is to achieve a sterilizing cure for HBV. This necessitates the elimination of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the complete eradication of integrated HBV DNA. This review aims to summarize the oncogenetic role of HBV integration and the significance of clearing HBV integration in sterilizing cure. It specifically focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which HBV integration leads to HCC, including modulation of the expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, induction of chromosomal instability, and expression of truncated mutant HBV proteins. The review also highlights the impact of antiviral therapy in reducing HBV integration and preventing HBV-related HCC. Additionally, the review offers insights into future objectives for the treatment of CHB. Current strategies for HBV DNA integration inhibition and elimination include mainly antiviral therapies, RNA interference and gene editing technologies. Overall, HBV integration deserves further investigation and can potentially serve as a biomarker for CHB and HBV-related HCC.

Helicobacter pylori has been recognized not only as a causative agent of a spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer, but also as the culprit in several extra-gastric diseases. However, the association of H. pylori infection with extra-gastric diseases remains elusive, prompting a reevaluation of the role of H. pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Like other gram-negative bacteria, H. pylori constitutively sheds biologically active OMVs for long-distance delivery of bacterial virulence factors in a concentrated and protected form, averting the need of direct bacterial contact with distant host cells to induce extra-gastric diseases associated with this gastric pathogen. Additionally, H. pylori-derived OMVs contribute to bacterial survival and chronic gastric pathogenesis. Moreover, the immunogenic activity, non-replicable nature, and anti-bacterial adhesion effect of H. pylori OMVs make them a desirable vaccine candidate against infection. The immunogenic potency and safety concerns of the OMV contents are challenges in the development of H. pylori OMV-based vaccines. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding H. pylori OMVs, focusing on new insights into their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions.

Introduction Postoperative ileus (POI) is an inevitable complication after abdominal surgery, often hindering recovery and prolonging hospital stay. Despite the increasing use of electroacupuncture (EA) as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal dysfunction, its effectiveness for POI is still controversial. This study aims to verify the efficacy and safety of EA in alleviating POI.Methods and design The study is a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. A total of 174 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer will be randomly assigned to an EA group and a sham acupuncture group at a ratio of 1:1. Treatment for both groups will commence on the first day after the operation and continue once a day for four consecutive days. The primary outcome is time to first defecation. Secondary outcomes include time to first flatus, time to first tolerance to liquid and semiliquid diet, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C, V.4.0), postoperative nausea and vomiting, postoperative pain and abdominal distension, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, length of the postoperative hospital stay, time to first postoperative ambulation, evaluation of the expected value of acupuncture, and satisfaction evaluation.Ethics and dissemination The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. This study protocol (V.2.0, 1 October 2023) involves human participants and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Cancer Hospital (number KY-2023-041-01), Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (number 2024LC001) and The Seventh People's Hospital of Chengdu (number KY2024-001-01). Each individual who agrees to participate in the research will provide written informed consent after the objectives and procedures of this study are explained to them.Trial registration number ChiCTR2400079645. Registered on 8 January 2024.

A target induced self-powered catalyzed hairpin assembly coupled with DNA motor amplification strategy was presented for miRNA-92a detection. The miRNA is used to open the hairpin and initiate the catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA). The product of CHA can catalyze the CHA reaction and cause the recovery of fluorescent intensity. The limit of detection (LOD) could reach to 0.04 fM with good linear range from 0.2 fM to 500 fM. Importantly, the time of two level amplification reaction was greatly shortened to 130 min by the high efficiency of self-powered CHA strategy. The amplification efficiency of self-powered CHA strategy was investigated. It also showed great selectivity and specificity for other miRNA sequences. In addition, it exhibited satisfactory results for practical application.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a solid tumor with a rich blood supply, and anti-angiogenesis has important clinical significance. Hepatitis B Virus-Encoded MicroRNA 3 (HBV-miR-3) has recently been reported to be involved in HCC development. In this study, we aim to elucidate the role of HBV-miR-3 in promoting HBV-related HCC angiogenesis through Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (FIH-1). Results: By analyzing HBV-related HCC tissue samples, we found that high expression of HBV-miR-3 was associated with poor overall survival and HBV-miR-3 expression was significantly correlated with VEGFR2 and FIH-1 expressions. In vitro, HBV-miR-3 agomir repressed FIH-1 expression and promoted HIF-1 alpha/VEGFA signaling activation in HepG2 cells, resulting in increased HUVEC lumen formation in HepG2-HUVEC co-culture model. Conversely, HBV-miR-3 antagomir induced FIH-1 expression and inhibited HIF-1 alpha/VEGFA signaling activation in HepG2.2.15 cells, resulting in decreased HUVEC lumen formation in HepG2.2.15-HUVEC co-culture model. The effect of HBV-miR-3 to HCC angiogenesis was also confirmed by a mouse tumor bearing model. We also confirmed that HBV-miR-3 repressed FIH-1 expression via targeting the 3'-UTR of FIH-1 mRNA by luciferase activity assay. Conclusion: HBV-miR-3 was related to HCC patients' overall survival and it promoted angiogenesis by repressing FIH-1 expression. HBV-miR-3 may be a new marker for predicting prognosis and a novel target for anti-angiogenic treatment of HBV-related HCC.

Background Breast and vulvar metastases from rectal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) represent a rare and obscure clinical entity associated with poor survival. Managing patients with metastatic rectal SRCC is extremely challenging due to the absence of high-quality evidence. Case presentation A 26-year-old woman presented with progressively worsening anal pain, constipation, and hematochezia for approximately two years. Following the diagnosis of locally advanced rectal cancer ( c T 3 N 0-1 M 0 ), she received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with modified FOLFOX6 regimen and underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. Metastases to the breast and vulva developed during postoperative chemotherapy. Genetic testing revealed RAS/BRAF wild-type and microsatellite instability (MSI)-low status. Though sequential administration of irinotecan plus tegafur and tegafur plus raltitrexed-based chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab, the disease progressed rapidly. Sadly, the patient passed away 15 months after initial diagnosis due to rapidly progressive disease. Conclusion Rectal SRCC is associated with younger on-set, aggressive behaviors, and worse survival outcomes. Due to poor cohesiveness, SRCC tends to develop metastases. A patient’s medical history and immunohistochemical staining (such as CK20, CK7, and CDX-2) can aid in identifying the tumor origin of breast and vulvar metastases. Mutations and signaling pathways predominant in the tumorigenesis of SRCC remains unveiled. There is poor effect of conventional chemotherapies, targeted and immunotherapies for colorectal adenocarcinoma on SRCC, so novel therapies are needed to treat this patient population.

A target controlled alternative hybridization chain reaction (HCR) was developed for fluorescent detection of multiple mycotoxin. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can bind with their specific aptamer on the gold nanoparticles and cause the releasing of the short DNA sequences. The short DNA sequences can trigger different reaction route of HCR and thus produce two kinds of side-chain sequences. The side-chain sequences can cause the opening of the DNA tweezers and result the recovery of fluorescent signals. Good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.06-2 ng/mL (R2 = 0.994) for OTA and 0.005-1 ng/mL (R2 = 0.992) for AFB1 with limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL for OTA and 0.002 ng/mL for AFB1. Importantly, it showed great sensitivity and excellent selectivity in practical food sample analysis for simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and multifactorial inflammatory condition, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While numerous studies have explored the immune response in IBD through transcriptional profiling of the enteric mucosa, the subtle distinctions in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis remain insufficiently understood. Methods: The intact bowel wall specimens from IBD surgical patients were divided based on their inflammatory status into inflamed Crohn's disease (iCD), inflamed ulcerative colitis (iUC) and non-inflamed (niBD) groups for RNA sequencing. Differential mRNA GO (Gene Ontology), and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) bioinformatic analyses were performed with a focus on the enteric autonomic nervous system (ANS) and smooth muscle cell (SMC). The transcriptome results were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: A total of 2099 differentially expressed genes were identified from the comparison between iCD and iUC. Regulation of SMC apoptosis and proliferation were significantly enriched in iCD, but not in iUC. The involved gene PDE1A in iCD was 4-fold and 1.5-fold upregulated at qPCR and IHC compared to that in iUC. Moreover, only iCD was significantly associated with the gene sets of ANS abnormality. The involved gene SEMA3D in iCD was upregulated 8- and 5-fold at qPCR and IHC levels compared to iUC. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PDE1A and SEMA3D may serve as potential markers implicated in enteric smooth muscle apoptosis, proliferative disorders, and dysautonomia specifically in Crohn's disease.

A two colors, one-step, self-drive fluorescent strategy was developed for chloramphenicol (CAP) detection based on cyclic cleavage of molecular beacon (MB) by pincer DNA sequences. CAP can bind with its aptamer and active the enzyme-strand (E-DNA). Then the E-DNA can circularly cleave the MB on the both side of pincer DNA sequences. The cleaved fragments can self-assembly to form a long duplex and cause the great recovery of the two colors fluorescent signal. The limit of detection was as low as 0.7 pM. Importantly, the whole detection process is very simple with only one-step operation. Moreover, the two colors fluorescent signals can greatly enhance the accuracy of the result. It was also successfully used to detect CAP in actual samples.