To evaluate the efficacy of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in detecting residual arteriovenous (AV) shunting in treated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and fistulas (AVFs). A retrospective institutional review identified 29 patients with DSA-confirmed AV shunt lesions treated via embolization (n = 17), stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 2), surgical resection (n = 8), or combined embolization and surgical resection (n = 4), with corresponding baseline and post-treatment ASL and DSA studies. Two neuroradiologists independently assessed ASL images for residual AV shunting, with inter-rater agreement calculated. Disagreements were jointly reviewed to reach consensus. Sensitivity and specificity for using ASL to detect residual AV shunting were then determined using DSA as the gold standard reference. Seventeen patients with Spetzler-Martin grades II-V AVMs were included: 76.5

Reentry is a difficult juncture for young adults (ages 18-24 years), who simultaneously face challenges of emerging adulthood. Although their health-related needs may be substantial, little is reported on young adults' reentry health care and social service needs. Furthermore, empirical measurements of factors affecting their engagement in reentry services after jail are lacking. We sought to describe health needs and predictors of linkages to reentry services for the 2,525 young adult participants in the Whole Person Care-LA Reentry program (WPC Reentry). Descriptive statistics were calculated and chi-square tests, t tests, and logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with linkage to WPC Reentry postrelease compared with only engaging with WPC Reentry prerelease. Most participants (72.6%) were male, 80.2% were Hispanic or Black, and 60.9% had been unhoused. Mental health (57.2%) and substance use disorders (45.8%) were common, physical health was overall good (mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score 0.53), and social needs, especially housing, were high (40.7%). Older age (i.e., closer to 25 years) and history of being unhoused were associated with higher postrelease engagement in WPC Reentry (age: odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, p = .01; history of being unhoused: OR = 1.18, p = .05). Attentiveness to younger clients and to addressing housing needs may be key for successful reentry care linkages.

A thoracolith is a small (similar to 5 to 15 mm) smooth calcified nodule typically found incidentally in the pleural space on chest radiographs or CT scans. Its key characteristic is mobility between imaging studies. While it is a benign entity, it can rarely cause a diagnostic dilemma. In this context, we present a patient with high-grade extraosseous osteosarcoma with a thoracolith mimicking pulmonary osteosarcoma metastasis. Herein, we highlight the importance of comparing prior imaging studies to determine if there has been any positional change-indicating mobility-and diagnostic of a thoracolith, thereby obviating unnecessary workup or intervention.

A 65-year-old male presents to the Orthopedic Oncology clinic for a plantar soft tissue mass of his left foot for the past 2 years.Additional history reveals several preceding and ongoing years of atraumatic rib, back, and bilateral lower leg pain (Fig. 1).