MgB₂ wires fabricated by the advanced magnesium infiltration process (AMIP) were subjected to different drawing steps and cold high-pressure densification (CHPD) at 0.8 GPa. Four samples were compared: as-drawn A1 and further-drawn A2, together with their CHPD-pressed counterparts, AP1 and AP2. X-ray diffraction confirmed the phase purity of MgB₂, with lattice parameters of (a = 3.0882) Å and (c = 3.5261) Å. SEM analysis revealed a substantial reduction in porosity and improved grain compaction following CHPD. The wire-core area decreased by 19

Despite the inherent advantages of fine powders due to their high surface area, their fluidization remains challenging due to strong interparticle forces, which promote structural non-homogeneities, leading to gas bypassing and unpredictable hydrodynamics. This study investigates the hydrodynamics of a pulsed fluidized bed using square-wave flow modulation to improve the fluidization of cohesive activated carbon powder, widely used in environmental applications. Four pulsation frequencies (0.025, 0.050, 0.10, and 0.25 Hz) were evaluated at amplitudes (N_Re/N_Remf) ranging from 2 to 10. The onset of non-homogeneities was consistently characterized by a negative gradient in the normalized pressure-drop-time profile. Low-frequency pulsation at 0.025 Hz failed to prevent structural failure even at a low amplitude of 2, as prolonged flow interruption allowed heterogeneities to consolidate. At 0.050 Hz, bed stability improved, with the onset of non-homogeneities emerging at a pulsation amplitude of 4. At 0.10 Hz, stable operation was maintained at intermediate amplitudes, with structural destabilization initiating near the distributor and propagating upward as amplitude increased. In contrast, increasing the frequency to 0.25 Hz markedly enhanced hydrodynamic stability by delaying the onset of non-homogeneities to substantially higher amplitudes. Frequency-domain analysis revealed that structurally stable cohesive beds strongly attenuate the imposed pulsation. The emergence of a distinct spectral peak at the fundamental frequency serves as a non-intrusive diagnostic marker of structural breakdown. These findings demonstrate that higher-frequency pulsation effectively mitigates the formation of non-homogeneities, and enhance the operation stability of fluidized bed of cohesive powders.

This study presents the design, fabrication, and validation of a cost-effective and compact cold high-pressure densification (CHPD) system tailored for magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires. The device integrates a 5 cm hydraulic press with a precision-machined D2 tool steel die, interchangeable plungers, and a guided alignment mechanism for uniform and repeatable densification. The system may apply pressures up to 2 GPa and enables continuous pressing along wire lengths via a 5 mm incremental overlap scheme. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of square MgB2 wires pressed using this system reveal substantial improvements in core density and microstructural homogeneity. Magnetization measurements confirm enhancements in J(C) over the entire field range at all temperatures, with up to 1.5 times improvement approximately under the pressure of 0.8 GPa. The results demonstrate that this CHPD setup reliably densifies MgB2 wires while preserving sheath integrity and offers comparable performance gains to more complex systems. Its modular, scalable, and low-cost design makes it an accessible tool for academic and industrial labs aiming to optimize MgB2 wire performance.

Fine powders, despite their advantageous high surface area characteristics, often exhibit poor fluidization behavior due to their inherent cohesiveness. This cohesiveness leads to the evolution of structural irregularities, such as cracks and channels, resulting in unpredictable fluidization behavior and poor gas-solid interphase mixing. This study explores the potential of square-wave pulsed flow to enhance the fluidization of highly cohesive activated carbon powder, which is widely used due to its exceptional adsorptive properties. The effect of pulsation frequencies ranging from 0.025 to 0.25 Hz on fluidization hydrodynamics was assessed by analyzing pressure drop transients across the bed. Our results reveal that pulsed flow effectively delays the onset of structural nonhomogeneities, extending the stable operating range by up to four times compared to that of conventional, unassisted fluidization. High-frequency pulsations showed superior efficacy, highlighting the potential of pulsed flow for improving the fluidization behavior of cohesive powders.

We report a systematic investigation of the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of Al-C co-doped MgB2 superconductors with the nominal formula Mg1-xAlx(B1-yCy)(2), where x = 0.02 and y varies from 0 to 0.06. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms successful incorporation of dopants, along with a reduction in lattice parameter a from 3.0848 angstrom (pure) to 3.0654 angstrom (C6 %Al2 %), indicating carbon substitution at the B site. SEM analysis shows progressive grain refinement with doping, and crystallite size decreases from 26.86 nm (pure) to 18.71 nm (C4 % Al2 %), contributing to enhanced flux pinning. Electrical transport measurements reveal increased residual resistivity and reduced RRR with doping, from 77.9 mu Omega center dot cm and 2.67 (pure) to 880.5 mu Omega center dot cm and 1.6 (C6 %Al2 %), respectively. Despite these changes, the superconducting transition temperature (TC) remains relatively high, decreasing modestly from 38.5 K (pure) to 36.2 K (C6 %Al2 %). Magnetization measurements at 20 K demonstrate significantly enhanced magnetic critical current density (J(C)) with optimal doping. The C1 %Al-2 % sample exhibits a JC of 1.1 x 10(4) A/cm(2) at 3 T - nearly six times that of the undoped sample (1.9 x 10(3) A/cm(2)). The irreversibility field (H-irr) also peaks at similar to 5.3 T for this composition. These results confirm that moderate Al-C co-doping effectively enhances flux pinning while preserving superconducting performance, making MgB2 a promising candidate for mid-field superconducting applications.

Investigation of the influence of various carbon-based dopants, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNT), glutaric acid, melanin, boron carbide (B₄C), silicon carbide (SiC), and glucose, on the structural and superconducting properties of magnesium diboride (MgB₂) has been studied. The analysis conducted via X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed modifications in peak positions, which can be attributed to lattice strain, with samples incorporated with melanin demonstrating the most pronounced alterations. This lattice strain led to a reduction in electron density within the σ hole band, consequently exerting a detrimental effect on superconductivity. Resistivity measurements indicate a reduction in the critical temperature (Tc) for all doped samples, with values ranging from 38.1 K (for pure) to 36.8 K (for melanin). Upon the assessment of critical current density (Jc), samples doped with SiC, CNT, glucose, and B4C revealed significant enhancements at a magnetic field of 3 T (operating field of MRI). The highest Jc values were achieved at 7.2 × 104 A/cm2 at 5 K (CNT and GL) and 1.66 × 104 A/cm2 at 20 K for CNT. Collectively, the dopants CNT and SiC provided an optimal balance of lattice strain, grain connectivity, and flux pinning, leading to enhanced superconducting attributes across the comprehensive range of magnetic fields.

In this paper, undoped WO3 and (Mn, Co) co-doped WO3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared using a facile and viable hydrothermal technique and then characterized them using different complimentary techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, photocatalytic and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Upon (Mn, Co) co-doping, the absorption edge shifted towards a higher wavelength with respect to that of WO3 nanoparticles, and the band gap as calculated from Tauc relation was reduced from 3.30 to 2.70 eV. The reduced intensity of photoluminescence spectra indicated that the incorporation of Mn and Co ions in WO3 nanoparticles suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic activity of produced samples/catalysts was estimated for the removal of Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation. The (Mn 5 %, Co 3 %) co-doped WO3 nanoparticles showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to undoped WO3 nanoparticles, which could be due to reduction in band gap as well as reduction in recombination rate probability of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The electrochemical performance of (Mn, Co) co-doped WO3 nanoparticles was found to be superior than that of undoped WO3 nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that (Mn 5 %, Co 3 %) co-doped WO3 nanoparticles is a promising potential candidate for practical applications in environmental remediation (dye degradation) and energy storage devices (supercapacitors).

In this paper, undoped WO3 3 and (Mn, Co) co-doped WO3 3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared using a facile and viable hydrothermal technique and then characterized them using different complimentary techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, photocatalytic and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Upon (Mn, Co) co-doping, the absorption edge shifted towards a higher wavelength with respect to that of WO3 3 nanoparticles, and the band gap as calculated from Tauc relation was reduced from 3.30 to 2.70 eV. The reduced intensity of photoluminescence spectra indicated that the incorporation of Mn and Co ions in WO3 3 nanoparticles suppressed the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic activity of produced samples/catalysts was estimated for the removal of Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation. The (Mn 5 %, Co 3 %) co-doped WO3 3 nanoparticles showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to undoped WO3 3 nanoparticles, which could be due to reduction in band gap as well as reduction in recombination rate probability of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. The electrochemical performance of (Mn, Co) co-doped WO3 3 nanoparticles was found to be superior than that of undoped WO3 3 nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that (Mn 5 %, Co 3 %) co-doped WO3 3 nanoparticles is a promising potential candidate for practical applications in environmental remediation (dye degradation) and energy storage devices (supercapacitors).

Lead free double perovkistes is an emerging class of optoelectronic material which have a huge potential for futuristic electronic industry. In present communication, we theoretically studied the structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of Li2AgTlCl6 and Li2AgTlBr6 using WIEN2k software. The permissible values of tolerance factor and enthalpy of formation ensure the structural and thermodynamic stability of these compositions. The substitution of halides increase the lattice constant from 10.52 to 11.11 angstrom and reduce the bulk modulus from 33.38 to 26.20 GPa. The calculation of Poisons and Pugh ratios ensures their ductile nature, whereas the examination of band structure indicates exposed the bansgap value of 2.0 and 1.2 eV for Li2AgTlCl6 and Li2AgTlBr6, respectively. A remarkable increase in optical parameters like static dielectric constant, refractive index, and shifting of peaks towards lower energy values is observed the replacement of Cl with Br. This substitution increased the electrical conductivity, specific heat at constant volume, Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit that showed the feasibility of these compositions for photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications.

Sirenomelia, also called Mermaid syndrome is a rare and fatal anomaly which is characterized by a single lower extremity featuring a Mermaid like appearance where head and trunk is like humans and lower extremity is like tail of a fish. It is associated with other gastro-intestinal, genito-urinary and other organ abnormalities. Most patients die shortly after birth. The exact cause of Sirenomelia is unknown. Here we present a newborn baby with Sirenomelia. Mother had bad obstetric history, antenatal ultrasonography revealed severe oligohydramnios and renal agenesis. On examination there was dysmorphic facies, fusion of lower limbs, single leg with two foot and ten toes. There was no identical external genitalia and anus.

Group-II aluminates have a spinel structure widely used for energy storage purposes due to high thermal, chemical, and dielectric properties. These applications can be enhanced by the substitution of a small content of magnetic transition metals. In this study, MxSr1-xAl2O4 (where M = Mn, Fe, and Co and x = 0.1) compositions were successfully synthesized via a well-known hydrothermal technique. The uniform nano-sized sheets with the monoclinic structure without any impurity phase were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and field emission electron microscopy analysis. The qualitative and quantitative analysis studies reveal the presence of expected elements with their respective wt.

In this study, authors produced Co3O4, Ag-Co3O4 nanoparticles and Ag-Co3O4/rGO nanocomposites through a facile, one-step and cost-effective hydrothermal route; and thoroughly analyzed these materials using a variety of complementary techniques, including XRD, SEM/TEM, XPS, FTIR, VSM, UV-Vis, PL, photocatalytic and electrochemical measurements. The formation of cubic spinel structure in Ag-Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The estimated average crystalline size in case ofCo3O4, Ag-Co3O4, and AgCo3O4/rGO samples was found to be 11.2, 14.1 and 17.5 nm, respectively. As a comparison to Co3O4 and AgCo3O4 nanoparticles, the absorption edge of Ag-Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite was significantly shifted towards the visible region, and hence the band gap is narrowed due to highly conducting Ag and rGO incorporation. The photo-generated electrons and holes were rapidly transferred from Co3O4 to Ag and rGO, leading to reduced PL intensity ofAg-Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite. Authors evaluated the photocatalytic efficiency of synthesized AgCo3O4/rGO nanocomposite, which exhibited an enhanced photodegradation potential against RhB dye. Authors also examined the electrochemical activity of as-obtained Ag-Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycle analysis, demonstrating its employability in supercapacitors as it possessed excellent specific capacitance.

Tri-phasic multiferroic composites exhibiting simultaneous magnetic and electric orderings and their coupling, have emerged as a fascinating class of materials for enriched magnetoelectric response that could be feasible for next-generation multistate devices. Such attributes are further triggered by facile synthesis routes and proper selection of phase contents. Herein, a composite series of the form, 0.9[(1-x)BiFeO3 + xCoFe2O4] +0.1Pb(Zr,Ti) O3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) was synthesized via citrate-gel based auto-ignition and solid-state reaction routes. The phase-pure existence of spinel phased CoFe2O4 and perovskite textured BiFeO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld's refinement, while the stoichiometric contents of three phases were verified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optimized ferroelectric parameters demonstrated an enhancement in polarization by increasing substitutional contents and maximum polarization (0.22 mu C/cm2) was observed for x = 0.4 phase fractions. Magnetic hysteresis loops revealed increased magnetization as CoFe2O4 phase-fractions were increased signifying maximum magnetization (Ms = 20.41 +/- 0.02 emu/g) for x = 0.4 substitution contents. The findings revealed that x = 0.4 composition was a potential candidate for emerging ultra-fast electric and magnetic energy storage devices.

Pure TiO2, (Nd 5%) doped TiO2, and (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared independently through a hydrothermal route and well characterized them with complimentary analytical techniques e.g. XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, UV-Vis, photocatalytic and PL. The polycrystalline anatase phase and the integration of dopant ions into TiO2 matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The crystallite size increased from 25 to 28 nm with the dual doping of Nd and Yb ions, as determined by Scherrer formula. The optical absorption edge of (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2 shifted towards a longer wavelength, and hence band gap decreased from 3.38 to 3.03 eV, attributed to the enhanced absorption of visible light. The reduction in PL intensity indicated that electron-hole pair recombination rate decreased with the incorporation of Nd and/or Yb ions in TiO2 matrix. The photodecomposition of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation was remarkably improved, from 62.6 to 93.2%, when (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2 used as photocatalyst compared to pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The enhanced rate constant, from 0.00907 to 0.02849 min-1, predicted that (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst could effectively degrade MB dye when driven by visible light. Electrochemical (CV, GCD, EIS) analysis was conducted to evaluate the electrochemical properties of (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2, (Nd 5%) doped TiO2, and pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that (Nd 5%, Yb 3%) co-doped TiO2 electrode material exhibited excellent electrochemical performance for employing in supercapacitors.

In this work, the effect of the molar ratio of (Ni2+ and Fe3+) on the properties of CdO–NiO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites was investigated. The synthesis of CdO–NiO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites was carried out by self-combustion. XRD, UV–Vis, PL and VSM were used to describe the physical properties of the materials. The results showed significant progress in structural and optical properties supporting antibacterial activity. For all samples, the particle size decreased from 28.96 to 24.95 nm with increasing Ni2+ content and decreasing Fe3+ content, as shown by the XRD pattern, which also shows the crystal structure of cubic CdO, cubic NiO, and cubic γ-Fe2O3 spinel. The Ni2+ and Fe3+ contents in the CdO–NiO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites have also been shown to enhance the ferromagnetic properties. Due to the significant coupling between Fe2O3 and NiO, the coercivity Hc values of the samples increase from 66.4 to 266 Oe. The potential of the nanocomposites for antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Moraxella catarrhalis) bacteria. Comparison of P. aeruginosa with E. coli, S. aureus and M. catarrhalis showed that it has a stronger antibacterial activity with a ZOI of 25 mm.

Energy shortage and environmental degradation lead to the two main issues over the worldwide exploration for novel materials useful for energy storage and environmental protection. Pseudocapacitors abstain recently gain the attention of energy experts owing to their superior energy and power density and elongated life cycle. The investigation on finding an appropriate electrode material with extraordinary specific capacitance, stability, and high efficiency required for the progressive energy storage application. At present, metal selenides are elaborate in significant consideration is due to their exceptional physical and chemical characteristics. Herein, the tin Selenide (SnSe) with reduce graphene oxide (rGO) SnSe/rGO-x (x = 0-0.5) nanoarchitectonics through the hydrothermal technique for pseudocapacitors electrode materials has been studied. The comparative investi-gation of the prepared electrodes materials exhibited that higher specific capacitance response was observed for the SnSe/rGO-x (x = 0.3 %) electrode than the pure SeSe electrode owing to its high conductivity, which is established by the impedance results. All nanoarchitectonics electrodes showed the pseudocapacitive response with well-defined cyclic voltammetry (CV) plateaus and clear oxidation and reduction. The specific capacitance (SC) for SnSe electrode 565 F g-1 increases to 876 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 for SnSe/rGO-x (x = 0.3 %) nano -architectonics electrode, which identifies that rGO has enhanced the electrochemical performance of pure SnSe. The capacitance retention is about 91 % after 5000 cycles for SnSe/rGO-x (x = 0.3 %) electrode showed the robust stability. These consequences cooperatively suggestion that SnSe/rGO nanoarchitectonics have broad application for supercapacitor.

Despite inherent advantages associated with the use of small sized particles, the industrial scale gas solid processing of fine powders using fluidization is often hugely challenging owing to their cohesiveness. The presence of strong inter-particle forces causes non-homogeneities to develop, leading to their unpredictable hydrodynamics. Using flow pulsations to improve the fluidization behavior of fine cohesive powders, the present study investigated the dynamics of pulsed fluidized bed of powdered activated carbon that is widely used for environmental applications. Two different square wave flow pulsation frequencies, i.e. 0.10 and 0.25 Hz, were implemented using digital I/O (input/output) signals from a data acquisition system for a precise control of the electronic mass flow controller. The local bed dynamics were carefully monitored in both cases. Our results provided a revealing insight into the transient evolution of non-homogeneities during the fluidization. At low velocities, the powder cohesiveness almost mitigated the effect of velocity step changes on the bed dynamics until non-homogeneities developed. The evolution of these non-homogeneities, mostly in the form of channels and rat-holes, started from the lower bed region that progressively expanded to the upper bed region. Increasing the pulsation frequency clearly helped to improve the fluidization hydrodynamics by stabilizing the bed and delaying the emergence of the non-homogeneities to higher gas velocities.

The development of cost-effective technologies for the treatment of water contaminated by petrochemicals is an environmental priority. This issue is of paramount importance for countries like Saudi Arabia owing to its scarce water resources. Of particular concern are automobile fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, that can contaminate water aquifers from leaking underground fuel storage tanks. Owing to the cost-effectiveness of adsorption-based technologies, low-cost high surface-area commercial activated carbon was used for the adsorptive removal of contaminants from the emulsified fuel-contaminated water. Batch equilibrium experiments showed a high efficacy of the adsorbent. Even with small amounts of the adsorbent, a removal efficiency of more than 97% was obtained for both gasoline as well as diesel. Three different well-known batch adsorption isotherm models, namely the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin, were used for describing the experimental data. The best results were obtained using the Freundlich isotherm followed by the Langmuir model. The maximum capacity was found to be 8.3 g gasoline and 9.3 g diesel per gram of the adsorbent at ambient conditions for a neutral contaminated aqueous solution.

WO _3 -based semiconductor materials are optimistic competitors for modern electronic devices because of their outstanding electronic and optical properties. Simulations on pure and Gd-doped WO _3 compositions were executed using Tran and Blaha modified Becke–Johnson approximation. Experimentally, thin films of these compositions were prepared using the chemically derived technique. X-ray diffraction spectra of thin films exhibited cubic structure having space group 221-Pm-3m in all compositions. Field emission scanning electron micrographs reveal the uniform growth of thin films with rod-like compact morphology. The density of states spectra for electronic properties demonstrate the main contribution of W- d and O- p for pure WO _3 with p-d hybridization while Gd containing composition provides an additional prominent contribution from f -orbital. Band structure shows an indirect transition for WO _3 and band gap values were observed as 1.73 eV which decreased with increment of Gd content. A significant change in thermoelectric parameters was observed with an increment of temperature and Gd doping. The maximum value of the refractive index was observed as 3.02 in the visible energy regime and tends to decrease in Gd containing compositions. The experimentally obtained maximum dielectric constant was observed as 7.89 for pure WO _3 and decreased to 4.58 for maximum Gd containing composition. Optical parameters like extinction, absorption coefficient, and optical conductivity show a sharp increment in visible energy region which make these compositions favorable for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. The experimentally obtained optical parameters are found in good agreement with simulated results obtained through TB-mBJ approximation.

In this work, the melanin-doped MgB2 samples were prepared under the same condition at different sintering temperatures. The XRD quantitative analysis indicates an increase in crystallite size with increasing sintering temperature. The pinning mechanism tends to be a collective of surface and point pinning in an indication of the role of the impurities and secondary phases in the forming of flux pinning centers. The electrical and magnetic measurements show significant enhancement on critical current density obtained from the doped samples compared to the pure ones. Enhancing critical current density and critical fields depend on the sintering conditions. Sintering at low-temperature results in a high critical current density and critical field values. The resistivity and the related superconducting parameters measurements were also completed.