This chapter looks at the whether behavioral economics can be used by policy-makers to help people make better choices. It illustrates the importance of institutions, this will take us into the world of practical policy design and intervention. The chapter shows that institutions can be of two basic kinds: formal institutions, such as markets, and informal institutions, such as social norms. In recent years there has been much excitement that behavioral economics can change the way in which policy is viewed when it comes to individual incentives. The opens up interesting new ways to think of economics and policy, informed by behavioral economics. The mindspace principles are designed to help policy-makers better understand how possible policies might change behavior; they are a kind of checklist of things to think about. The Institute for Government has come up with the idea of mindspace. In many instances …

Elder abuse is frequent (from 4 to 6% of adults aged 65 + according to WHO). It can take various forms: psychological, financial, violation of rights, neglect and physical. Due to demographic changes, it is expected that the number of cases will increase over coming years. Scientific data show the importance of a systemic analysis of elder abuse situations in order to avoid the simplistic thinking of the "horrible abuser" and the "poor victim". A multidisciplinary team, including a physician (a general practitioner, or a specialist), is necessary. Physicians can play a role in the prevention, detection and follow up of such cases. In order to detect elder abuse, active and attentive listening is mandatory. When a possibility exists that the older adult is abused, the suspicion should be documented (per example, by using the EASI tool), in order to implement an adequate follow-up. In the French part of Belgium, specialised services can be involved: Respect Seniors (www.respectseniors.be) in Wallonia and the SEPAM d'Infor-Homes in Brussels.

The management of cognitive disorders requires a complex evaluation, especially since patients are frail, polypathological and because the complications are numerous. The general practitioner (GP) has an important role in detecting predictive signs but his task to specify the diagnosis and to organize the follow-up is not easy. Evaluating the patient as well as his/her surroundings and taking into account the caregivers' difficulties is necessary. The number of patients with cognitive disorders is huge and could rise with the growth of life expectancy and the increased incidence of dementia for the elderly. The geriatric day care hospital activities are developing further in Belgium since 2006 thanks to the funding of pilot projects. These structures are benefiting from a multidisciplinary team lead by a geriatrician. This paper presents what the geriatric day care hospital brings to the GP in the diagnosis and the follow-up of cognitive disorders. The geriatric day care hospital realizes diagnosis and follow-up within a suited environment. The multidisciplinary teams are used to perform complex assessment of frail patients. The various patient comorbidities are evaluated taking into account both the environment in which the patient lives and his/her caregivers. The collected data allows the setup, together with the GP, of a care plan optimizing the support of the patient and his/her surroundings.

La maltraitance des personnes âgees reste un sujet encore assez meconnu. Mieux comprendre cette problematique permet de mieux y repondre en proposant une prise en charge adequate ainsi que des actions preventives appropriees. Le present article a pour objet la description de ce phenomene de societe qui doit meriter l'attention de tous les professionnels de la sante. Identifier une situation de maltraitance reste une demarche delicate. Neanmoins, une serie de facteurs de risque lies a la victime, a l'auteur ou a l'environnement permettent de porter une attention plus particuliere a certaines situations qui peuvent faire l'objet d'un accompagnement. Les maltraitances envers les personnes âgees regroupent des maltraitances physiques, psychologiques, financieres, civiques, medicales ainsi que des negligences. Une des raisons du tabou qui entoure cette problematique est le silence des victimes lie a leurs craintes, a leurs perceptions mais aussi a l'attitude de l'entourage. Seule une bonne connaissance de ce phenomene societal permet d'envisager une prevention et une prise en charge : c'est dans ce cadre que le Centre d'Aide aux Personnes Agees Maltraitees (CAPAM) peut developper une demarche d'ecoute ainsi que des actions menees en equipe pluridisciplinaire.

Elderly abuse is still far too much ignored. A better understanding of this problem allows us to a better answer proposing an appropriate coping as well as a preventing action. This article describe this society phenomenon with is worth looking at by every health professional. Identifying such situation as elderly abuse is a very tricky process, anyway, some risk factors bound to the victims, the authors or environment can lead us to watch situations that can need to be surrounded. Elderly abuse includes physical, psychological, financial, civilian, medical abuse and neglecting. One of the reasons of the taboo around the problem is the victim's silence connected to their fears and feelings and also the circle's attitude. An acute perception of this phenomenon can lead to adequate prevention and coping. In these conditions, the " Centre d'Aide aux Personnes Agées Maltraitées" (CAPAM) can develop its listening attitude as well as pluridisciplinar team actions.