Nodal points can be artificially synthesized using glide-reflection symmetries at crystal interfaces. This property was first demonstrated for a square-lattice phononic crystal at the X point of the first Brillouin zone (wavenumber k = ± π/a with a the lattice constant), for a half-lattice-constant glide. Here we show that the nodal point can be moved to the Γ point ( k = 0) considering quarter-lattice-constant glide-reflection symmetry. Applying a continuous grading along the x-axis is further shown to leave the band structure mostly unaffected. In particular, the topological interface waves survive in the case that glide-reflection symmetry is only locally valid around the graded interface. As a result, the glide dislocation can be compensated for over a distance of a few crystal rows, to recover an apparently periodic crystal.

A domain wall separating two different topological phases of the same crystal can support the propagation of backscattering-immune guided waves. In valley-Hall and quantum-Hall crystal waveguides, this property stems from symmetry protection and results from a topological transition at a Dirac point. Since an initially closed band gap has to open, the guidance bandwidth remains limited compared to that of wide band gap crystals. When a glide-symmetric dislocation is introduced in a 2D crystal, we show that a pair of wide-bandwidth, single-mode, and symmetry-protected guided waves appear in the bulk band gap. The 2D Zak phase changes by $\pi$ on either side of the interface, providing a topological invariant protected by glide-reflection symmetry at the X point of the Brillouin zone. A demonstration experiment is performed with acoustic waves in water, at ultrasonic frequencies, and shows the continuous tuning of transmission as a function of the glide parameter. The concept further extends to other types of waves, including the case of elastic waves in solids, but also of optical and electromagnetic waves.

: The topological backscattering immunity of waves guided along a domain wall is associ-ated with symmetry protection in valley-Hall and quantum-Hall phononic crystal waveguides. This desirable property results from a topological transition at a Dirac point of the 2D crystal, leading to the opening of an initially closed band gap but to a limited available bandwidth compared to wide band gap topological trivial crystals. Introducing a glide-symmetric dislocation of a square lattice crystal of circular inclusions, we show that a pair of wide-bandwidth, single-mode, and symmetry-protected guided waves are created, without resorting to bulk boundary correspondence. A demon-stration experiment is performed with acoustic waves in water, at ultrasonic frequencies. The concept further applies to different types of waves, including elastic waves in solids, but also optical and elec-tromagnetic waves.

We systematically engineer a series of square and rectangular phononic crystals to create experimental realisations of complex topological phononic circuits. The exotic topological transport observed is wholly reliant upon the underlying structure which must belong to either a square or rectangular lattice system and not to any hexagonal-based structure. The phononic system chosen consists of a periodic array of square steel bars which partitions acoustic waves in water over a broadband range of frequencies ( 0.5 MHz). An ultrasonic transducer launches an acoustic pulse which propagates along a domain wall, before encountering a nodal point, from which the acoustic signal partitions towards three exit ports. Numerical simulations are performed to clearly illustrate the highly resolved edge states as well as corroborate our experimental findings. To achieve complete control over the flow of energy, power division and redirection devices are required. The tunability afforded by our designs, in conjunction with the topological robustness of the modes, will result in their assimilation into acoustical devices.

Metamaterials are rationally designed composites made of building blocks which are composed of one or more constituent materials. Metamaterial properties can go beyond those of the ingredient materials, both qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, their properties can be mapped on some generalized continuum model. We present the general procedure of designing elastic metamaterials based on masses and springs. We show that using this simple approach we can design any set of effective properties including linear elastic metamaterials,—defined by bulk modulus, shear modulus, mass density—and nonlinear metamaterials,—with instabilities or programmable parts. We present designs and corresponding numerical calculations to illustrate their constitutive behavior. Finally, we discuss the addition of a thermal stimulus to mechanical metamaterials.

We investigate symmetry-protected topological water waves within a strategically engineered square lattice system. Thus far, symmetry-protected topological modes in hexagonal systems have primarily been studied in electromagnetism and acoustics, i.e. dispersionless media. Herein, we show experimentally how crucial geometrical properties of square structures allow for topological transport that is ordinarily forbidden within conventional hexagonal structures. We perform numerical simulations that take into account the inherent dispersion within water waves and devise a topological insulator that supports symmetry-protected transport along the domain walls. Our measurements, viewed with a high-speed camera under stroboscopic illumination, unambiguously demonstrate the valley-locked transport of water waves within a non-hexagonal structure. Due to the tunability of the energy's directionality by geometry, our results could be used for developing highly-efficient energy harvesters, filters and beam-splitters within dispersive media.

Cork is a natural amorphous material with near-zero Poisson’s ratio that is ubiquitously used for sealing glass bottles. It is an anisotropic, transversally isotropic, composite that can hardly be scaled down. Here, we propose a new class of isotropic and reusable cork-like metamaterial that is designed from a hybrid truss-lattice material to show an isotropic Poisson’s ratio close to zero. Optimization is conducted using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, assisted by an elliptical basis function neural network, and coupled with finite element simulations. The optimal micro-structured metamaterial, fabricated by two-photon lithography with a lattice constant of 300 μm, has an almost isotropic Poisson’s ratio smaller than 0.08 in all directions. It can recover 96.6% of its original shape after a compressional test exceeding 20% strain.

The discovery of topological phases of matter, initially driven by theoretical advances in quantum condensed matter physics, has been recently extended to classical wave systems, reaching out to a wealth of novel potential applications in signal manipulation and energy concentration. Despite the fact that wave propagation in many realistic media (metals at optical frequencies, polymers at ultrasonic frequencies) is inherently dispersive, topological wave transport in photonic and phononic crystals has so far been limited to ideal situations and proof-of-concept experiments involving dispersionless media. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of topological edge states in a classical water wave system supporting highly dispersive wave propagation, in the intermediate regime of gravity-capillary waves. We use a stochastic method to rigorously take into account the inherent dispersion and devise a water wave crystal insulator supporting valley-selective transport at topological domain walls. Our measurements, performed with a high-speed camera under stroboscopic illumination, unambiguously demonstrate the possibility of valley-locked transport of water waves.

Zinc alloys are used in a wide range of application such as electronics, automotive and building construction. Their various shapes are generally obtained by metal forming operation such as stamping. Therefore, it is important to characterize the material with adequate characterization tests. Sheet Bulging Test is well recognized in the metal forming community. Different theoretical models of the literature for the evaluation of thickness and radius of the deformed sheet in sheet bulging test have been studied in order to get the hardening curve of different materials. These theoretical models present the advantage that the experimental procedure is very simple. But Koç et al. showed their limitation, since the combination of thickness and radius evaluations depend on the material. As Zinc alloys are strongly anisotropic with a special crystalline structure, a procedure is adopted for characterizing the hardening curve of a Zinc alloy. The anisotropy is first studied with tensile test, and sheet bulging test with elliptical dies is also investigated. Parallel to this, Digital Image Correlation measures are carried out. The results obtained from theoretical models and digital image correlation measures are compared. Measures done on post-mortem specimens complete the comparisons. Finally, digital image correlation measures give better results and the resulting hardening curve of the studied zinc alloy is provided.

Zinc alloys are used in a wide range of application such as electronics, automotive and building construction. Their various shapes are generally obtained by metal forming operation such as stamping. Therefore, it is important to characterize the material with adequate characterization tests. Sheet Bulging Test (SBT) is well recognized in the metal forming community. Different theoretical models of the literature for the evaluation of thickness and radius of the deformed sheet in SBT have been studied in order to get the hardening curve of different materials. These theoretical models present the advantage that the experimental procedure is very simple. But Koc et al. showed their limitation, since the combination of thickness and radius evaluations depend on the material. As Zinc alloys are strongly anisotropic with a special crystalline structure, a procedure is adopted for characterizing the hardening curve of a Zinc alloy. The anisotropy is first studied with tensile test, and SBT with elliptical dies is also investigated. Parallel to this, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measures are carried out. The results obtained from theoretical models and DIC measures are compared. Measures done on post-mortem specimens complete the comparisons. Finally, DIC measures give better results and the resulting hardening curve of the studied zinc alloy is provided.

Zinc alloys are used in a wide range of application such as electronics, automotive and building construction. Their various shapes are generally obtained by metal forming operation such as stamping. Therefore, it is important to characterize the material with adequate characterization tests. Sheet Bulging Test (SBT) is well recognized in the metal forming community. Different theoretical models of the literature for the evaluation of thickness and radius of the deformed sheet in SBT have been studied in order to get the hardening curve of different materials. These theoretical models present the advantage that the experimental procedure is very simple. But Koc et al. showed their limitation, since the combination of thickness and radius evaluations depend on the material. As Zinc alloys are strongly anisotropic with a special crystalline structure, a procedure is adopted for characterizing the hardening curve of a Zinc alloy. The anisotropy is first studied with tensile test, and SBT with elliptical dies is also investigated. Parallel to this, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measures are carried out. The results obtained from theoretical models and DIC measures are compared. Measures done on post-mortem specimens complete the comparisons. Finally, DIC measures give better results and the resulting hardening curve of the studied zinc alloy is provided.