The role of the gut microbiome and environment in influencing mental health and longevity has been recently determined and highlighted. To identify gut (oral) microbiome signatures and biochemical markers associated with mental health and longevity in working-age and elderly individuals. To enable the development of personalized diagnostics and prevention strategies based on mathematical models for mental-age-relevant diseases. Fecal and blood samples were collected from participants across two cohort groups, including working-age, elderly local and refugees. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Blood samples underwent standard biochemical testing, including lipid profiles, liver and kidney function, glucose levels, and oxidative stress markers. Mental health status was assessed through validated psychological questionnaires and cognitive screening tools. Correlations between microbiome patterns, blood biomarkers, and mental health indicators were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. PCA were applied to build prognostic models. Participants with greater microbial diversity and higher abundance of beneficial taxa such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium showed more favorable biochemical profiles and better mental health scores. Distinct microbiome patterns were observed between working and elderly individuals, some of which were linked to markers of healthy aging. The integration of sequencing and clinical data supports the potential of gut microbiota as a predictive tool for assessing psychological resilience and longevity. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S25 strain was selected as the potential component of pharmabiotic DefendeX™ for PTSD prevention and treatment. Individual nutrition plans are created by using the algorithm of Ediens (BioQuantum).

OBJECTIVE:Aim: To analyze the composition of gut microbiota, antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated strains, and biochemical blood parameters in individuals with and without PTSD. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Materials and Methods: A cohort study was conducted involving 82 participants: 40 patients diagnosed with PTSD and 42 without PTSD (control group). All subjects completed the PCL-5 questionnaire and underwent clinical examination, biochemical blood testing, and microbiological analysis of fecal samples. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized culturomic and EUCAST methods. RESULTS:Results: PTSD patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, and a reduction in beneficial strains such as Lactobacillus casei. Increased resistance to carbapenems and macrolides was noted in the PTSD group. Biochemical analysis revealed hyperglycemia, elevated liver enzymes, decreased total protein, and increased markers of inflammation. These findings demonstrated significant correlations between gut dysbiosis, antibiotic resistance, and systemic metabolic alterations. CONCLUSION:Conclusions: The study confirms a link between gut microbiota composition, antimicrobial resistance, and metabolic dysregulation in PTSD patients. These results may inform the development of integrated diagnostic approaches and targeted interventions in PTSD management.

Aim. To investigate and systematize the literature data regarding the potential of novel biopreparations based on microorganisms as an innovative approach to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through their impact on the microbiome and nervous system. Material and Methods. Structural-logical analysis and bibliosemantic analysis were used in this study. The research materials comprised general scientific works and international health care protocols in Ukraine. The search for articles and other scientific papers published in English and Ukrainian was conducted online using electronic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results. The relationship between microorganisms and the central nervous system through the so-called “enteric-cerebral axis” has been analyzed and systematized, revealing new opportunities for treating mental disorders, including PTSD. Studies indicate that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating the gut-brain axis, influencing the neuroendocrine system, immune response, and behavioral outcomes. Conclusions. The use of probiotics and prebiotics has demonstrated a positive effect in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, which are critical components of PTSD. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of these biological treatments in the management of PTSD.

The results of a complex study of the influence of nuclear radiation on the physical and chemical properties of distilled water, aqueous solutions of saccharides, ethyl alcohol, and their biological activity are presented. Irradiation was carried out on the M-30 microtron electron accelerator (12.5 MeV) and on isotope radiation stands based on 241Am, 137Cs, and 240Pu, which generate mixed nuclear radiation. The temporal evolution of chemical indicators and optical and frequency characteristics of electrical parameters of irradiated water environments are discussed. The selective biological effect of irradiated compounds on test microorganisms from different phylogenetic groups was established.

Successful application of defined pro- and/prebiotic preparations for the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections is confirmed by meta-analyses and numerous clinical trials. To date, the protocols for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID conditions, an integral part of which is the restoration of the balance of gut microbiota along with nutritional supportу, are widely developed and accepted. Purpose. To investigate the efficacy of individually prescribed pharmabiotics for targeted correction of the nasal and gut microbiota of post-COVID-19 patients in combination with aerosol inhalations. Methods. The post-COVID-19 patients were referred to recover using the rehabilitation facilities. In addition to the basic treatment complex, the patients were offered haloaerosol therapy with an additional prescription of individually selected pharmabiotics. Results. The use of individually prescribed pharmabiotics in combination with aerosol inhalation enabled therestoration of Lactobacillus spp. balance and reduction in the number of opportunistic microbiota in the gut. Thus, the personalized rehabilitation approach led to significantly improved local immune response in post-COVID-19 patients. Conclusions. The data obtained provide supportive evidence of the efficacy of aerosol inhalations and personalized pharmabiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus S25 and L. plantarum A combined application in the directed modulation of the microbiome and targeted correction of local immunity in post-COVID patients. Restoring the balance of the patient’s' oral and gut microbiota should be an integral part of the post-COVID patient’s rehabilitation.

The main goal of the research is to develop a hybrid model for assessing the risk of developing atherosclerosis based on the theory of fuzzy sets and intellectual analysis of knowledge. For the first time, an information model for assessing the level of risk of developing atherosclerosis has been developed. The model is based on expert evaluation fuzzy sets and intellectual analysis of knowledge. The method was tested on 17 groups of criteria. For the first time, a fuzzy hybrid model for assessing and deriving the level of risk of developing atherosclerosis was developed. The value of the hybrid model for assessing the level of risk of developing atherosclerosis is that: on the one hand, the model takes into account the quantitative indicators of laboratory studies of the intestinal microbiome, which are processed by a vague methodology of intellectual analysis of knowledge, and on the other hand, it combines expert experience and knowledge about the possibility of developing atherosclerosis. The model does not use a lot of calculations, reveals the subjectivity in the estimated information, and is easy to configure. At the output, a quantitative assessment and degree of risk of developing atherosclerosis is obtained, based on which further proactive decisions are made to prevent the development of the disease. All settings of the hybrid model are tested and verified on real data.

Fermented foods and beverages have nutritional and medicinal properties. Usually, the expansion of the range of fermented sour milk products is carried out in two directions: the first is the use in technology of new active leavening microorganisms, resistant to the factors of the gastric environment with a corrective effect on the intestinal microbiota; the second is the introduction of additives mainly of fruit and vegetable origin into the composition of the ready-made fermented milk product. Celery is a vegetable that can also be used to enrich a fermented milk product with necessary nutrients. After all, celery extracts have many nutraceutical properties, namely antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antiaggregation properties. The work aimed to substantiate the need to introduce puree of celery leaves, stalks, and roots into yogurt and to develop a fermented product. During the research, generally accepted organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological methods were used. The scientific expediency of enriching a fermented milk product – yogurt with celery puree – has been substantiated. The addition of more than 20 % celery puree has a positive effect on the phenomenon of syneresis of the finished product since the amount of whey separated during filtration was 3–4 times less than in control. According to organoleptic indicators, the best samples were yogurts with a celery content of 25 to 30 %; besides, yogurt with celery (30 %) had a significant reserve of microbiological stability during storage at temperatures of +3 –+5 °С. In particular, this fermented milk product can be stored for 14 days without deterioration of quality and safety indicators. Therefore, it is proposed that puree from celery stalks, leaves, and roots be added to the yogurt production technology in the amount of 25–30 %. This will enrich this fermented milk product with biologically valuable dietary fibers.

Obesity is a complex metabolic disease disturbing both children and adults. Childhood obesity is a consequence of developing this pathology and associated conditions in adulthood. The disbalance/imbalance between energy expenditure and intake is the most frequent cause of overweight. Genetic susceptibility, inflammation and environmental and/or lifestyle factors may be involved in this complicated process. Modern research suggests that the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of obesity. As a result, the gut microbiota is gaining meaningful scientific interest concerning obesity and different associated metabolic disorders to understand obesity's etiologyObesity better and find modern methods of its prevention and/or treatment. This review presents personalized medicinePersonalized medicine as a modern approach to the preventionPrevention and treatmentTreatments of obesityObesity. First, we review obesityObesity as a diseaseDiseases of civilization with complex health issuesHealth issues (unhealthy nutritionUnhealthy nutrition, psychosocial, behavioral, environmental, epigenetic and genetic/genomic risk factorsGenetic/genomic risk factors). Second, the relationship between obesityObesity and gut microbiotaGut microbiota has been presented in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized (PPPM/3P) medicine. Finally, we discuss that pre and/or probiotic therapyProbiotic therapies is considered the promising strategy for control of metabolic disordersMetabolic disorders by virtue of microbiota compositionMicrobiota compositions and/or health maintenanceHealth maintenance recoveryRecovery in personalized medicinePersonalized medicine and could be additional development and standardization of innovative targeted therapiesInnovative targeted therapies and clinical tools.

The human body is inhabited by trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively called “microbiome” or “microbiota”. Microbiota consists of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea. Microbiome demonstrates multi-faceted effects on human physical and mental health. Per evidence there is a multi-functional interplay between the whole-body microbiome composition on the epithelial surfaces including skin, nasal and oral cavities, airway, gastro-intestinal and urogenital tracts on one hand and on the other hand, the individual health status. Microbiota composition as well as an option to modulate it – together create a highly attractive operation area for the translational bio/medical research with multi-professional expertise and healthcare-relevant output in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM/3 PM). Advanced PPPM strategies implemented in the microbiome area are expected to significantly improve individual outcomes and overall cost-efficacy of healthcare. According to the accumulated research data, corresponding diagnostic and treatment approaches are applicable to primary care (health risk assessment in individuals with sub-optimal health conditions and prevention of a disease development), secondary care (personalised treatment of clinically manifested disorders preventing a disease progression) and tertiary care (making palliation to an optimal management of non-curable diseases). In the current book, we do highlight the implementation potential of the microbiome-relevant research in the framework of predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the individualised patient profile.

The development of new and optimisation of known cultural and molecular genetic methods for accurate species identification of microorganisms is an urgent and practically necessary task that is receiving great attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to analyse and systematise theoretical scientific data on methods of microbial identification and assess their main advantages and disadvantages. For this purpose, a systematic review of 53 randomised research papers published between 2018 and 2023 was conducted. The search for publications using the keywords “microbiome”, “microbiological diagnostics”, “identification of microorganisms”, “sequencing”, and “omics technologies” in the title or text of the research paper was carried out in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The study provides generalised information on traditional and modern methods of microbial identification. It is established that the advantages of traditional diagnostic methods include the possibility of preserving the obtained microorganisms for further research, in particular, for determining their antibiotic sensitivity. Modern molecular genetic methods open up new possibilities for the accurate identification of microorganisms, including those that are difficult to incubate using traditional cultural methods. The use of these methods allows obtaining detailed data on the genetic structure and diversity of microorganisms, which is important in many fields, including microbiology, medicine, and ecology. However, molecular methods are more sensitive to contamination or errors in the sample collection and processing. Moreover, omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) open up new opportunities for studying cells at more complex levels of life organisation. In everyday clinical practice, the microbiological method of isolating microbial cultures remains the main one, as it is the only one that allows determining not only the cause of the infection but also the antibiotic sensitivity. However, cultural methods for studying fastidious microorganisms are quite limited. Thus, the results obtained contribute to the development of fast and accurate methods for identifying, classifying, and systematising microorganisms, which facilitates the processes of diagnosis and development of strategies for the control and treatment of infectious diseases in laboratories and clinical institutions

Introduction: The intestinal microbiome is a diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target for non-communicable diseases. The aim of this work is to test the relationship between arterial stiffness, elasticity, gut microbiota and inflammation markers in the patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Elastic properties of arteries were evaluated by non-invasive arteriography (Tensiomed, Hungary), and intestinal microbiota was studied with the determination of key representatives by routine culturing methodology using biochemical identification kits (LACHEMA, Czech Republic). The level of SIgA and cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data obtained for the clinical experimental group of patients were compared with the results obtained for the control group. Results: Obtained data demonstrated a strong correlation between intestinal colonization by Enterococcus faecalis and PPbr (r=0.98), AIbr (r=-0.99) and AIao (r=-0.99). Significant correlations were found for Escherichia coli (lac+) and PPbr indicators (r=-0.97), and for Klebsiella oxytoca and SBP (r=-0.95), the systolic area index of the volumetric curve (r=+0.99), and the index of the diastolic area of the volumetric curve (r=-0.99). Indexed areas of the volumetric curve were correlated with colonization of Streptococcus spp. (r=-0.9 and 0.9 for systolic and diastolic area, respectively). Blood pressure correlated with the consentration of Candida spp. (r=0.95). Conclusion: Detected bacteria (E. faecalis, K. oxytoca), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestine level of SIgA correlated with increased arterial stiffness and elasticity observed in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) might be used as a rationale for the prevention and individual treatment of ACS in the earlier stages of the disease.

PrebioticsPrebiotics are substances, more often than not ineffectively metabolized polysaccharidesPolysaccharides and oligosaccharidesOligosaccharides, that cannot be ingested successfully by the creature. A prebioticPrebiotics may be a nonviable nourishment component that confers a well-being advantage on the have related to the balance of the microbiotaMicrobiotas. They invigorate the development of intestinal probioticProbiotics microbes, which can utilize these carbohydratesCarbohydrates, in this manner advancing the healthHealth of the living being. A prebioticPrebiotics must make strides development of bifidobacteriaBifidobacteria and lactic corrosive microbes and can increment the antimicrobial movement of probioticsProbiotics. As a result, it can be said that probioticProbiotics microscopic organisms utilize for the treatmentTreatments of pathogenic microscopic organisms with anti-microbials or their prebioticsPrebiotics and they repress the expression of destructiveness qualities by diverse instruments and metabolites. This review provides an insight on the current knowledge about the potential sources of plant-based prebioticsPrebiotics used in medicine.

Combinations of probiotic bacteria may improve the quality of life and the effectiveness of standard treatment for atopic dermatitis. An open-label, placebo-controlled, randomized, pilot study in 2 parallel groups was conducted. The research group included 10 patients who received a combination of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Sacchammyces boulardii) and 0.1% mometasone furoate cream for 28 days. The placebo group included 10 patients who received only 0.1% mometasone furoate cream. The study material was collected by the method of deep skin scraping. Identification of pure cultures of microorganisms was done using biochemical test systems. The combination probiotic led to a decrease in the number of gram-positive bacteria S. aureus from 5x106 to 1x102 CFU and E. faecalis from 5x106 to 3x103 CFU, as well as gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli from 1x1011 to 1x105 CFU. In the probiotic group, at the end of the treatment, complete elimination of opportunistic gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter lwoffii and microscopic fungi of the genus Candida were observed. On the 28th day of treatment, there was significant decrease in the SCORAD (16.5±4.1 vs 21.7±5.8, p=0.03) and DLQI index (6.6±2.2 vs 10.3±3.7, p=0.02) in the patients of probiotic group compared to the placebo group. The use of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Sacchammyces boulardii) helped to restore the natural healthy microbiota of the skin, improving the effectiveness of treatment in atopic dermatitis patients.

Our results of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments on different mice models demonstrated that (1) prophylactic usage of probiotics (Schaedler's Escherichia coli) has a significant protective effect against dissemination of bacteria; (2) the same strain of Schaedler's E. coli (additionally to segmented filamentous bacteria) induced in a specific manner the expression of RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ, and IFN-γ genes by chronic monoassociation of germ-free severe combined immune deficient mice; (3) we have found evidence for specific antigen (Ag) selection and local stimulation of IgA anti-PC-producing cells of the B1 lineage by a type 1, thymus-independent Ag in the tissue fragment cultures taken from nasal and respiratory-associated lymphoid tissue versus gastrointestinal tissue; (4) we have demonstrated that the specific activity of probiotics strains and their immune-modulating efficacy depend of their morphology, particularly on the elasticity of their cells walls. We have detected by our ex vivo techniques that different commensals induced different amounts or levels of specific IgA, and we report that monocyte-derived dendritic cells are able to mediate robust Th1 and Th17 responses upon stimulation by gram-negative commensal strains or Morganella morganii, while the probiotic gram-positive strain of Bacillus subtilis limits this effect.

Our research data support the belief that commensal and beneficial microbes can specifically and individually regulate human health by using them as pharmabiotics or targeted personalized nutrition (functional food for medical purposes). Clinical investigation into the efficacy of a person-oriented application of the pharmabiotics that we have recently developed and/or individual diets for the prevention or treatments of vaginitis, type 2diabetes mellitus, caries with enterocolitis in children, and periodontitis in older adults has demonstrated that certain noncommunicable diseases are strongly connected to individual microbiome changes. These observations could be used as a diagnostic tool and enable the targeting of a treatment or prevention strategies using the approaches of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine. In this chapter we illustrate the clinically proven success of the first attempt at application of an individual treatment strategy based on targeted microbiota correction. We also provide evidence for the practical realization of an opportunity for early programming of the health of newborns by way of specific modulation of microbiota composition and immune responsiveness locally. To achieve this goal, we started to build an information system. This system is a "geographic information system" for calculation of personalized pharmabiotics and nutrition calculation with the goal of regulating the saliva/gut microbiota ratio, biodiversity, and functionality-directed correction. This regulation is done via the consumption of food products specific to the individual needs. This is realized by specifically calculated personalized nutrition and the implementation of pharmabiotics that are specifically designed for personal usage pharmabiotics, that is, biologics containing probiotic and/or prebiotic components and/or products of microbial metabolism, the efficient impact of which on human physiology has been clinically proven.

Today, food is studied as more than a just simple consumer item, but rather to approach more significant issues such as the interaction between globalization and national cuisines (Wilk, 2002). Food is not only the source for life but also has a much deeper meaning, especially in regard to the ethnic aspect of food processing and cooking styles. By studying different ethnical groups' cuisines, we can follow traditions and other aspects of national development. We may also consider that, in the era of high mobility and mass migration, national food often remains the only link to the country of origin and prevents it from becoming orphaned and rootless (Pavlovskaya, 2015).