In this study, rGO/Ca 1-x Mn x Fe 2 O 4 (0 < x < 1) nanocomposites were synthesized by using the hydrothermal method as photosensitizer and nanocarriers (NCs) in the delivery of Quercetin (Que). The ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by thermal treatment method and then reducing graphene oxide (GO) was performed by celery seed extract (CSE) as a reducing agent. After that, the hydrothermal method was used for anchoring NCs on GO nanosheets. The drug loading and release study of Que showed a good loading efficiency of NCs and as the pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.8, the release percentage of Que from NCs was increased. The MTT assay was used to study the cytotoxicity of NCs against HEK 293-T human cells which were in the range of 26.6 -39.2% for the highest concentrations (60 mu g/ml). Moreover, the MTT method was applied to measure the cell viability of MCF-7 cancer cells without and under UV light. The amount of MCF-7 cell destruction increased because of the easy penetration of Que into the cancer cells in anticancer activity without UV light. The anticancer activity under UV light was improved, which was related to the increase in ROS production resulting from the enhanced dose of NCs. Therefore, these NCs can act as drug delivery systems, and their low toxicity and high efficacy can make them applicable as photosensitizers (PSs) and NCs on MCF-7 cell destruction under UV light.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Calcium–cadmium ferrite (Ca1−xCdxFe2O4) was initially synthesized in various concentrations by using thermal treatment method. After the completion of the synthesis process, structural characteristics, morphology, and constituent elements of samples were determined via various techniques. The results of magnetic analyses confirmed the superparamagnetic behavior of the mentioned nanoparticles. Furthermore, UV–Vis analysis clearly indicated that band gap decreased with an increase in the particle size of these ferrites. The antibacterial activities of three samples were investigated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using inhibition zone method. Based on the results, CdFe2O4 had a negligible effect on gram-positive bacteria and no antibacterial impact on gram-negative bacteria. However, with the addition of calcium to cadmium ferrite, the obtained particle could inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and negative bacteria.

In this study, spinel ferrite nanocarriers Ca1–xMnxFe2O4 (0 < x < 1) were fabricated by thermal treatment at 873 K. Different techniques were used to study of structural characteristics and physical properties of ferrite nanocarriers in various concentrations. The highest drug loading was in the x = 0.4 sample and the lowest was observed in the x = 0.6 and x = 0.8 samples. The rapid initial release of Quercetin (Que) occurred at both pH values (5.5 and 7.4), which may be due to the diffusion of Que bound to the surface of nanocarriers (NCs). Although each nanocarrier had its release behavior, with decreased pH from 7.4 to 5.5, the values of Que release percentage increased and x = 0.8 and x = 0.6 samples showed the highest release percentage in both media. The cytotoxicity of NCs and Que-loaded on NCs against HEK 293-T human cells was investigated using the MTT assay. Mild cellular activity of x = 0, x = 0.2, and x = 0.4 NCs may have resulted from Que phenoxyl radicals. The cell viability of cancer cells was examined using the MTT method that was different for each sample at different concentrations, the proliferation of MCF-7 cells was prevented in a dose-dependent manner up by increasing the concentration to 60 µg/ml. The percent hemolytic activity of NCs was also determined by hemolysis assay, but no significant hemolytic activity was observed.

In this project, Calcium ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (CaFe2O4@PVA) nanocarriers were prepared by a thermal-treatment method at three different temperatures (773, 823 and 923 K). The nanocarriers were used as drug delivery systems (DDS) to deliver curcumin (CUR) and were utilized as a new structure for photo dynamic therapy (PDT). Drug loading and release study of CUR were performed and it was observed that nanocarriers showed a pH dependent drug release behavior. MTT assay, Hemolysis assay and lethal dose test were applied to determine the cytotoxicity of nanocarriers. These tests indicated that synthesized nanocarriers can be considered as nontoxic. Also, the photodynamic therapy experiments were performed by two groups: one group of cells were treated by different concentrations of nanocarriers without light and the other group were exposed to light. Then, the efficacy of PDT was determined by MTT and it was revealed that whenever nanocarriers were exposed to light the cytotoxicity was significantly high. Therefore, it was revealed that these nanocarriers are suitable to be utilized as a drug delivery systems and photo dynamic therapy agent.

In The present project, a variety of MnFe2O4 (Mn) and Cr2Fe6O12 (Cr)-based nanocarriers (NCs) were synthesized as photosensitizer and NCs for delivery of chemotherapeutic curcumin (CUR) and provide a new structure for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). For determining efficiency of NCs release study, MTT assay, lethal dose test and hemolysis assay were carried out. The release study showed the release of CUR from NCs was pH-dependent, but, every NCs had its own behavior for releasing the drug. The data acquired from the release study showed the CUR release from Mn can reach to over 90% at acidic media instead of 41% at neutral media. However, the CUR released from Cr were approximately equal as Cr had equal zeta potential at both media. Hemolysis activity and lethal dose test displayed the cytotoxicity of NCs was neglectable at both in vitro and in vivo study. Also, the results of anti-cancer activity assay (MTT assay) showed that both of Cr and Mn NCs are suitable systems for PDT. Therefore, the results demonstrated that Mn is suitable NCs for PDT and anticancer drugs delivery of therapeutic drugs.

The present article aimed at synthesizing ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles by thermal treatment method. After ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles had been synthesized, SiO2 shell and SiO2–Ag nanoparticles were placed on them. At the next step, ZnFe2O4/SiO2 and ZnFe2O4/SiO2–Ag nanocomposites were characterized by structural and morphological features. Optical properties of ZnFe2O4/SiO2 and ZnFe2O4/SiO2–Ag nanocomposites were also investigated by derivation of absorption spectrum fitting and Tauc’s methods. Furthermore, the impact of SiO2 shell and Sio2-Ag nanoparticles on magnetic features of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles was evaluated. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on degradation of MB dye solution in the presence and absence of H2O2 was also analyzed.

The present study aimed to prepare Fe3O4 nanocarriers (NCs) by a thermal treatment method. After the Fe3O4 (Fe) NCs was prepared, zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles were added to it as Photosensitizer. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO (Fe@Zn) and Fe3O4@SiO2 (Fe@Si) NCs were determined by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and VSM. Then, the loading and drug release of Fe, Fe@Zn, and Fe@Si NCs were investigated. The curcumin (CUR) release of Fe@Zn+CUR and Fe@Si+CUR increased from 30% and 26% at pH 7.4 to 53% and 57% at pH 5.5, respectively. The cytotoxicity of Fe@Zn and Fe@Si NCs were determined by MTT assay, hemolysis test, acute toxicity, and lethal dose test. The results showed that Fe@Zn and Fe@Si were appropriate for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and in the next step, the effect of Fe@Zn, Fe@Si, Fe@Zn+CUR, and Fe@Si+CUR NCs on MCF-7 cells under visible light were studied. Finally, the ranking of the destruction of cancerous cells of MCF-7 using NCs under visible light was: Fe@Zn+CUR>Fe@Zn>Fe@Si+CUR>Fe@Si.

The present study aimed to synthesize AgFeO2 nanocarriers by a thermal treatment method and to WA them with respect to their applicability in photodynamic therapy and drug delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Chemical structure, surface morphology, and magnetic properties of AgFeO2 were studied by X-ray diffractometer, Field emission-scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer. The X-ray data for AgFeO2 indicated the typical patterns of rhombohedral phase with delafossite structure. The biocompatibility of AgFeO2 was evaluated by a hemolysis WA and a lethal dose test. The results confirmed the non-toxicity of the nanoparticles when used in photodynamic therapy. The loading and encapsulation efficiency of AgFeO2 were 20.23 +/- 0.24 and 84.55 +/- 1.24, respectively. Furthermore, when the pH of the release media decreased from 7.4 to 5.8, the release rate of the Quercetin from Quercetin loaded AgFeO2 increased from 52 to 70%. In the photodynamic therapy, the cytotoxicity of Quercetin, AgFeO2 and Quercetin-loaded AgFeO2 on tumor cells was studied. Cytotoxity of tumor cells treated with AgFeO2 and Quercetin loaded AgFeO2 under UV light significantly decreased from 65.7 to 27.2% to 23.58, and 7.6%, respectively. The results suggest that AgFeO2 is a suitable nanocarrier to be used in drug delivery and photodynamic therapy.

The present paper aimed to synthesize, using thermal-treatment method, a variety of Co1-XZnxFe2O4-based nanocarriers (NCs) as Dual-controlled and targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) and provide a new structure as NCs suitable for the loading and pH-responsive characteristics of the chemotherapeutic curcumin (CUR). To study the structure, surface morphology, surface charge and magnetic properties of NCs, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied here. TEM images of Co0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 (Co-0.2) showed that NCs had a uniform spherical mesoporous morphology with an average grain size of about similar to 17 nm. Also, it was found that Drug loading was very high, about 22.70 and 21.99 for Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 (Co-0.6) and Co0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 (Co-0.4), respectively. As indicated, NCs had highly pH-dependent drug release behavior, although different and unique in every one of them, which could be related to zeta potential of Co-0.6. In fact, the neutral zeta potential of Co-0.6 became positive when the pH of releasing media changed from 7.4 to 5.5. Consequently, the hydrogen bond between the Co-0.6 and CUR brake. Therefore, as expected, drug releasing varied from Co-0.6 to about 54% at pH 5.5, rather 29% at pH 7.4. To determine the cytotoxicity of NCs, hemolysis assay, MTT assay and acute toxicity test were used. The tests showed that NCs had the least in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and NCs, as a result, could be regarded to be nontoxic. MTT results demonstrated that drug loaded NCs had the same cell viability as bare drugs. Then, it can be concluded that these NCs have the potential required to act as drug delivery systems for anti-cancer drugs delivery such as CUR. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

In order to obtain SrFe12O19 nanoparticles, thermal treatment method was employed, and afterwards SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were embedded in SrFe12O19 matrix SrFe12O19 nanoparticles. The SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles' effects were set in SrFe12O19 matrix and experimental techniques which include, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray analysis (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used in studying the physical properties of the prepared nanoparticles. The precise DASF method (derivation of absorption spectrum fitting) was employed in examining the optical properties. The addition of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles to SrFe12O19 matrix resulted in the reduction of energy band gap values in compare with the SrFe12O19 nanoparticles. The chemical analysis of SrFe12O19/SiO2, SrFe12O19 nanoparticles, and SrFe12O19/TiO2 nanocomposites was carried out using energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX). Ferromagnetic behaviors were demonstrated by SrFe12O19 nanoparticles, SrFe12O19/SiO2 and SrFe12O19/TiO2 nanocomposites, and the behaviors were validated through the use of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A wasp-waist was observed through hysteresis loop of SrFe12O19/SiO2 nanocomposites, implying the presence of the two magnetic phases; soft and hard ferromagnetic.

The thermal treatment method was employed to achieve higher homogeneity of calcium ferrite (CaFe2O4) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites. The influences of phase transformation on physical and biological properties of calcined specimens were investigated by various experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), high resolution Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Heat treatment was conducted at temperatures between 723 and 923 K, so that a phase transformation occurred from cubic to orthorhombic spinel structure at 923 K. The chemical analysis of the PVA/CaFe2O4 nanocomposite was performed by energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDXA), demonstrated the PVA/CaFe2O4 nanocomposites contained the elements of C, Ca, Fe, and O. The formed nanocomposites exhibited ferromagnetic behaviors which were confirmed by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The calcined specimens were carried out to an antimicrobial or antifungal test.