The grandparent-adult grandchild relationship is integral to the health and preservation of the family. The intergenerational relationship makes several transformations as each party ages and experiences life transitions. This study used actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) to examine affectual and consensual solidarity and topic avoidance in the grandparent-adult grandchild dyad. The sample for this quantitative study included 62 grandparent-adult grandchild dyads, with the grandchild sampling drawn from college students. Results indicate that both grandparents and grandchildren reported lower consensual solidarity when they avoided topics to protect their relationship. Grandparents reported higher consensual solidarity when their grandchildren avoided topics to protect this intergenerational relationship. Both grandparents and adult grandchildren experienced meaning and burden in the grandparent-adult grandchild relationship.

One of the early objections to distance education, that students would find the experience unpleasant, was rebutted with a number of meta-analyses summarizing many investigations. The focus on current efforts becomes an understanding how best to use the technological tools available. The need to use the flexibility afforded by reliance on technology creates opportunities to increase student satisfaction with learning by providing a plethora of alternatives. The result is a dynamic educational process that constantly evolves as various options become considered and evaluated.

A meta-analysis of the literature examining the outcomes related to feelings of sex guilt was conducted. The analysis demonstrates gendered differences in the experience of sex guilt and myriad attitudinal and behavioral impacts. Specifically, men report lower levels of sex guilt, r = -.227 than do women and implications of sex guilt experience are vast, including its association with engagement in less sexual activity, r = -.337, less favorable attitudes toward sex and lessened use of contraceptives, r = -.276, reduced reports of sexual arousal in response to an explicitly sexual media content, r = -.308, less positive emotional response to sexually explicit media content, r = -.367, reduced level of sexual information accuracy, r = -.324, and less positive attitudes toward sexual behavior, r = -404. Sex guilt is positively related to level of religiosity/religious behavior, r = .439. The findings suggest that sex guilt provides a consistent set of responses to sexual information and media content as well as a motivational basis for behavior. These outcomes are further explicated and discussed.

Section One: Conflict Research and Meta-analysis 1. An Overview of Conflict Research and Meta-analysis Nancy Burrell, Clare Gross 2. Meta-analysis and Conflict Research Raymond W. Preiss, Mike Allen 3. Interpersonal Conflict: An Overview William A. Donohue, Deborah A. Cai 4. Conflict and Communication: A Roadmap Through the Literature Michael R. Roloff 5. Conventional and Personal Goals During Conflict: A Commentary on Managing Interpersonal Conflict: Advances through Meta-Analysis Steven R. Wilson Section Two: Facilitating Interpersonal Conflict in Legal Contexts 6. An Overview of Facilitating Interpersonal Conflict in Legal Contexts Nancy Burrell 7. Jury Size and Decision Making: A Meta-analysis Edward Mabry, Ann Burnett, Mike Allen 8. Test of a Causal Model for Secual Harassment Using Data from a Meta-analysis Mike Allen, Keith Dilbeck, Nathan England, Anna Herrman, Falon F. Kartch, Jihyun Kim, Kimberly L. Kulovitz, Aimee Lau, Melissa Maier, Amy May, Jenna McNallie, Kikuko Omori 9. Victim-Offender Mediation: A Meta-analysis Rebecca Mullane, Nancy Burrell, Mike Allen, Lindsay Timmerman 10. The Effectiveness of Environmental Mediation: A Mata-Analytic Approach Katie Turkiewicz, Mike Allen 11. Meta-analysis of Sex Differences in Process and Outcome Satisfaction with Divorce Mediation Joelle Kwiatkowski, Nancy Burrell, Lindsay Timmerman, Mike Allen Section Three: Institutional Conflict Management 12. An Overview of Conflict Management Issues in Public and Private Agencies Nancy Burrell 13. Using Meta-analysis to Examine Peer Mediation Outcomes and Effectiveness in Educational Settings Nancy Burrell, Denis Grimes, Mike Allen 14. International Conflict and Intervention: Application of the Structural-Attitudinal-Transactional Model Melissa Maier, Mike Allen, Nancy Burrell 15. Threats and Promises Elicit Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma Experiments: Two Meta-analyses Raymond W. Preiss, Barbara Mae Gayle, Mike Allen 16. Hardline Versus Softline Bargaining Strategies: A Meta-analytic Review Anna Herrman, Mike Allen 17. Where Are We Now? A Meta-analytic Review of Sex Difference Expectations for Conflict Management Strategy Selection Barbara Mae Gayle, Raymond W. Preiss, Mike Allen Part Four: Managing Personal and Relational Conflict 18. An Overview of Interpersonal Conflict Management Issues in Personal, Intimate and Social Contexts Nancy Burrell, Julie Delaney Shields 19. Condom Use and Conflict in Heterosexual Relationships Tara Emmers-Sommer, Melissa Maier, Mike Allen 20. Reducing Homophobia: A Meta-Analytic Summary of Technique Effectiveness Mike Allen, John Bourhis, Kelly Tenzek, Isabel Bauman 21. Evaluation of Accounts: A Meta-analysis William Benoit, Kelly Tenzek, Mike Allen, Nancy Burrell, Sumana Cattopadhyay, Kristen Cherry, Troy Comeau, Amy Dalton Fannin, Glen Hanson, Rosemary Jergens, Joy Piazza, Carrie Prentice, Kevin Stein 22. A Meta-analysis of Demand/Withdraw Interaction Patterns Nancy Burrell, Falon Kartch, Mike Allen, Christine Hill

Estimates suggest that upwards of 20% of all undergraduate students have enrolled in a distance education course (U.S. Department of Education, 2011). Clearly, the distance learning (DL) format, which we defi ne as instruction in which there is no expectation for the physical copresence of the learner and instructor, is popular when students to register for courses. What is less clear is the degree to which these courses satisfy the expectations held by the students enrolling in them. To address this issue, the present chapter focuses on student satisfaction with distance education and the implications of various technological applications.

A study tested a theoretical model using data from court-ordered sessions about the utility of divorce mediation. Subjects, 974 couples who had filed for divorce with potential child-custody disputes, were informed about the process of mediation as a means to settle their custody disputes rather than relying on the court system to resolve their custody and visitation conflicts. Counselors described the mediltion process, answered questions, and showed a videotape entitled "Don't Forget the Children." Five measures were created to test the theoretical model: caring about/focusing on children's relational, school, home problems (concern for children); communication skills; feelings about self; stress; and expectations about mediation. Results indicated that concern for children and expectations about mediation impacted on a successful outcome. Major predictors of stress were feelings about self (self esteem) and communication skills. Findings suggest affirmation for the importance of communication as an element contributing to the success of mediation. The prospects for communication scholars to play a meaningful role in improving family communication during the process of divorce are challenging. (Contains 28 references, 1 figure, and 3 tables of data.) (RS)

This study investigates gender differences in linguistic features of communication styles in the context of mixed public discussion groups in asynchronous, text-based CMC. The study evaluates gendered communication and language styles in situational contexts of CMC. A sample of 3000 messages from 30 Internet discussion groups was content analyzed. Results revealed gender differences in stylistic features used by discussion group participants and partially support the expectation that women’s online communication style is gendered. The data did not reveal an online communication style that significantly discriminated men’s communication. Findings point to the important role of gender enacted through language in the construction of social identity in the context of public discussion groups in CMC. Implications of this investigation and directions for the development of future research on gender in CMC are discussed.

This study proposes that the fundamental cultural differences between the East and the West lie in a holistic-analytic worldview, and this new perspective can explain the cultural differences better than collectivism-individualism. To test the claim, this study developed a measurement for holism and its derivative, cognitive relativity. Then, it examined the degree of holism, cognitive relativity, and independent and interdependent self-construals with Korean and American college students. Results showed that (a) Koreans had a stronger holistic worldview than Americans, (b) Koreans maintained a higher degree of cognitive relativity than Americans, (c) Koreans and Americans did not differ in either independent or interdependent self-construals, and (d) the impact of holism was still strong after controlling for the effects of self-construals.