Introduccion: los programas de aplicacion de selladores dentales a ninos en edad escolar fomentan el uso de estos productos y reducen la caries. Estos programas se aplican en colegios cuyo alumnado pertenece a familias de rentas bajas; y su objetivo es el sellado de los molares permanentes de reciente aparicion. En 2004 y 2005, los Centros para la Prevencion y el Control de las Enfermedades (CDC) de Estados Unidos patrocinaron una serie de reuniones de expertos con el fin de que se actualizaran las recomendaciones de uso de selladores dentales en programas dirigidos a la poblacion escolar, en lo que se refiere a la evidencia relativa a la eficacia de estos productos, la valoracion de la caries y la seleccion de las tecnicas de aplicacion, asi como la estimacion del riesgo de caries en ninos que abandonaran los programas despues de la aplicacion del sellador. El grupo de expertos identifico tambien aquellos temas en los que era necesaria una revision adicional de la evidencia. Tipos de estudios revisados: este grupo de expertos utilizo revisiones sistematicas siempre que estuvieran disponibles. Desde el ano 2005, los CDC y otros expertos realizaron varios analisis independientes de aquellos temas para los que no se disponia de revisiones, incluyendo una revision sistematica de la eficacia de los selladores en el manejo de la caries. Resultados: las recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia aconsejan el sellado de las superficies libres de caries, la valoracion visual, el uso profilactico del cepillo de dientes o pieza de mano y la aplicacion de selladores de fisuras a los ninos, incluso cuando es probable que abandonen el programa. Implicaciones clinicas: estas recomendaciones estan en concordancia con la evidencia actual y proporcionan directrices apropiadas para el uso de selladores en programas escolares. Este estudio puede incrementar tambien el grado de concienciacion de los profesionales con respecto a estos programas y su importancia y eficacia como medida de salud publica que complementa la atencion clinica. Palabras clave: caries; odontologia basada en la evidencia; selladores de fosas y fisuras; odontologia preventiva; salud publica/odontologia comunitaria.

BackgroundSchool-based sealant programs (SBSPs) increase sealant use and reduce caries. Programs target schools that serve children from low-income families and focus on sealing newly erupted permanent molars. In 2004 and 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, sponsored meetings of an expert work group to update recommendations for sealant use in SBSPs on the basis of available evidence regarding the effectiveness of sealants on sound and carious pit and fissure surfaces, caries assessment and selected sealant placement techniques, and the risk of caries' developing in sealed teeth among children who might be lost to follow-up. The work group also identified topics for which additional evidence review was needed.Types of Studies ReviewedThe work group used systematic reviews when available. Since 2005, staff members at CDC and subject-matter experts conducted several independent analyses of topics for which no reviews existed. These reviews include a systematic review of the effectiveness of sealants in managing caries.ResultsThe evidence supports recommendations to seal sound surfaces and noncavitated lesions, to use visual assessment to detect surface cavitation, to use a toothbrush or handpiece prophylaxis to clean tooth surfaces, and to provide sealants to children even if follow-up cannot be ensured.Clinical ImplicationsThese recommendations are consistent with the current state of the science and provide appropriate guidance for sealant use in SBSPs. This report also may increase practitioners' awareness of the SBSP as an important and effective public health approach that complements clinical care.

This study explored possible underpinnings of findings from earlier research in which women's overall leadership competence was less favorably evaluated than men's. The authors examined perceptions held by senior managers, 34% of whom were CEOs, of women's and men's effectiveness at 10 key leadership behaviors. Respondents generally perceived that women were more effective than men at care-taking leader behaviors; and that men were more effective than women at action-oriented, “take-charge” leader behaviors. Notably, male respondents perceived that the behavior at which men leaders most outperformed women was problem-solving. The authors propose that this perception could potentially undermine the influence of women leaders.

AL TERNATIVE SAMPLING FRAME CONSTRUCTION FOR THE PRICES PAID BY FARMERS SURVEYS--AN OVERVIEW. By Carol House, Nancy Carter, and Doug Bond; Statistical Research Division; Statistical Reporting Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Washington, D.C. 20250; June 1983; SRS Staff Report AGES830516. Inadequacies in the existing sampli'1g frames for the Prices Paid Surveys led to an experiment in building lists of business establishments. Farm operators in the Farm Production Expenditure Survey were asked for the addresses of places where they purchased various con;;Y1odities and for their expenditures at each place. These new frames allowed the sampling of establishments with probabilities proportj,:mal to sales to farmers. The study demonstrated the feasibility of building lists in this way, showed that the old frames were incomplete, and gave indications of price differences between the operational and research procedures. This report summarizes the results from the study, leaving technical discussions to a more detailed report, and recommends using a modification of the research procedures in future frame construction and maintenance.

During the 1995–1996 academic year, the University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries received market equity funds to increase librarian salaries to the median Association of American University librarian salary. One stipulation of the university administration required that the market equity funds be distributed over four years rather than in a single year. In an earlier article, the authors predicted that, as result of spreading the increase over four years, salaries of libraries faculty would only reach the 1996–1997 mean in 2000–2001. This follow-up study analyzes the results of distributing the equity funds over the four years between 1995–1996 and 2000–2001. It finds that during that time, the University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries rose from the bottom quartile of its comparison group to the top quartile when ranked by median salary, suggesting that spreading the equity over four years did not significantly impact the final salaries. Detailed analysis, however, reveals that although the overall salary pool rose in its comparison group, many individual librarians’ salaries did not reach market. This study concludes that the increase in overall ranking was due to a fundamental change in the profile of the faculty rather than to the application of market equity funds. The failure of some salaries to increase to market can likely be attributed to changes in the market rate of each position classification. Further, although the application of market equity might have been improved had the distances between the market and the librarians’ salaries been recalculated each of the four years, internal and external factors may have made that impractical.

During the 1995/1996 academic year, the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries received market equity for librarian salaries. However, the University administration stipulated that equity increases were to be position specific rather than divided equally. Moreover, individual increases were to be based partly on past merit. This article describes how market equity was justified and applied.

This article describes the development of a policy at the University of Colorado to catalog, package, house, and circulate books with accompanying electronic media. Since policies and procedures rarely transfer between institutions, this article focuses on the strategy that was used to arrive at a final policy. This includes how the problem was defined, how the committee was formed, how input was solicited, and how implementation was approached to assure a successful execution of a controversial and complicated new policy.