The present investigation was conducted at Bajra Research Scheme, College of Agriculture, Dhule. The objective was to estimate the soil properties, yield and quality of pearl millet influenced by integrated nutrient management. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments consists of inorganic fertilizers in combination with organics viz ., FYM, vermicompost and poultry manure. Soil chemical properties were estimated at harvest stage. Nutrient uptake and quality parameters were estimated at harvest. Significantly maximum available N, P and K were noted under 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% N through FYM i.e. 201.79 kg ha -1 , 24.64 kg ha -1 and 282.16 kg ha -1 , respectively. However, organic C was found higher with the application of 100% RDN through FYM (4.61 g kg -1 ). Treatments comprised of vermicompost and poultry manure significantly increases organic C and available N, P and K contents in soil over control. The highest availability of micronutrients viz ., Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu (5.97, 0.76, 14.12 and 3.82 mg kg -1 , respectively) were recorded in 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% N through vermicompost. The maximum N, P and K uptake by grain (53.22, 22.59 and 14.09 kg ha -1 , respectively) and stover (45.17, 28.82 and 156.12 kg ha -1 , respectively) were noticed with application of 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% N through FYM followed by 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizers. Among the all manure treatments, significantly maximum grain and stover yield (26.51 and 38.05 q ha -1 , respectively) was obtained with the application of 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% N through FYM. Maximum protein percentage in grain (9.98%) was recorded in 50% RDN through fertilizers + 50% N through FYM, the maximum Fe (48.82 mg kg -1 ) and Zn (33.92 mg kg - 1 ) contents in grain were noticed under the treatment 100% RDN through vermicompost.

The conservation agriculture (CA)-based approaches, including zero tillage (ZT)/reduced tillage (RT) with pulse-based cropping systems, support climate resilience in the long-run. However, the support services of CA are increasingly evident under irrigated agro-ecologies with normal/flood irrigation. Necessarily, the benefits of CA and pulse-based cropping intensification must be explored in under sprinkler irrigation system because of anticipated water scarcity across the globe. We aimed to compare the conservation tillage x sprinkler irrigation scheduling with conventional tillage (CT) and flood irrigation in a maize (Zea mays L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cropping system for two years. The study was undertaken in split-plot design with three tillage systems in main plots: ZT, reduced tillage (RT), and CT in both crops and six irrigation management subplots such as sprinkler irrigation and normal/flood irrigation scheduling at branching, pod formation, and branching + pod formation stages of field pea. Tillage practices followed an order of ZT > RT > CT (p < 0.05) for productivity of both crops. The ZT with sprinkler irrigation at branching + pod formation stages significantly increased field pea yield by 70% (CI 95%) and maize yield by 33.1% (CI 95%) compared with CT and flood irrigation (conventional practice). Consequently, ZT with sprinkler irrigation resulted in 18.8% and 6.7% (CI 95%) higher system productivity compared with CT and flood irrigation (p < 0.05). The ZT resulted in an additional net benefit of INR 45,912 compared with CT. Besides, sprinkler-irrigation provided an additional benefit of INR 13,903 compared with flood irrigation. The reduction in tillage intensity (ZT and RT) significantly increased water-use-efficiency (WUE) and water productivity (WP) compared to CT. Notably, ZT with sprinkler irrigation reduced the consumptive use of water compared to conventional practice. In a system perspective, ZT with sprinkler irrigation (at branch and pod formation) increased 59.2% WUE and 75.6% WP than conventional practice. Thus, in arid and semi-arid regions, where water resources are scarce, conservation tillage with micro-irrigation can be adopted in pulse-based cropping system.

Context: Conservation agriculture (CA) is increasingly promoted for sustaining crop productivity and climate resilience in diverse agro-ecologies. However, yield gain under CA is not often uniform and significant compared to conventional tillage (CT). A deeper understanding of decisive crop traits driving yields under CA is critical for higher yield gain. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of CA and CT-based systems with weed management practices on growth, physiological, and yield traits of rice and chickpea, and to delineate the key functional traits of these crops for yield maximization under CA. Methods: A five-year field experiment (2016-2021) was conducted on a rice-chickpea rotation in split-plot design with three replications with system-based CT and zero tillage (ZT) combined with residue retention (RR) in main plot and weed management practices in subplot. The key functional traits of growth and yields were identified using structural equation modelling (SEM), regression and multivariate analysis. Results: The CA practice such as ZT dry seeded rice (ZTDSR) followed by ZT chickpea with added residues (ZTDSR-ZTC+RR) improved rice dry matter and root dry weight by 16-28 % over transplanted puddled rice (TPR)-CT chickpea without crop residues (TPR-CTC-NR). The yields in CA system were constrained by 20-39 % higher unfilled grains panicle-1 than CT. In chickpea, CA practice enhanced pod number, root dry weight, and nodulation, resulting in a 10 % higher mean yield over CT. The CA reduced rice chlorophyll by 7-8 %, but increased chickpea chlorophyll by 4-5 %. The SEM revealed that unfilled grains panicle-1 (-24.6 % than CT) dominated yield losses in CA-based ZTDSR, while pod weight and nodule number plant-1 strongly influenced ZT chickpea yields. System productivity was initially higher under CT, but CA with pre + post emergence herbicides (pendimethalin-metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl in rice and oxyfluorfen-propaquizafop in chickpea) outperformed from second year onwards. Conclusion and significance: The present study identified unfilled grains panicle-1 in rice and pod/nodulation traits in chickpea as decisive yield factors in CA. The major trade-offs for higher yields under CA were unfilled grains panicle-1 for rice and higher vegetative biomass vis-a`-vis reduced pod weight plant-1 for chickpea. Therefore, concerted efforts are required to develop improved trait specific adaptable varieties and for yield maximization for CA.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop that contributes to food and nutritional security while improving soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation in cereal-based cropping systems. Conservation tillage and integrated nutrient management are considered promising approaches for enhancing crop productivity and sustaining soil health under resource-conserving agriculture. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2022–23 and 2023–24 at the research farm of the ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the influence of tillage management and integrated nutrient management on the growth, nodulation and productivity of chickpea grown in a pearl millet–chickpea cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, comprising four tillage management practices [zero tillage–zero tillage (ZT–ZT), zero tillage–conventional tillage (ZT–CT), conventional tillage–zero tillage (CT–ZT) and conventional tillage–conventional tillage (CT–CT)] in the main plots and four integrated nutrient management treatments [100% recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF), 75% RDF + 100% crop residue, 50% RDF + 100% crop residue + farmyard manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha⁻¹, and FYM @ 10 t ha⁻¹ + 100% crop residue + biofertilisers (Rhizobium + phosphate-solubilising bacteria)] in the sub-plots. The pooled analysis revealed that ZT–ZT significantly improved plant height (52.84 cm), dry matter accumulation (18.76 g plant⁻¹), nodules per plant (32.45), nodule dry weight (145.62 mg plant⁻¹), root biomass (3.86 g plant⁻¹) and grain yield (21.84 q ha⁻¹) compared with CT–CT, which recorded 47.35 cm plant height, 15.68 g plant⁻¹ dry matter accumulation, 25.92 nodules per plant and 18.45 q ha⁻¹ grain yield. Among the nutrient management treatments, FYM @ 10 t ha⁻¹ + 100% crop residue + biofertilisers produced the highest plant height (53.53 cm), dry matter accumulation (18.94 g plant⁻¹), nodules per plant (33.12), grain yield (22.18 q ha⁻¹), straw yield (33.42 q ha⁻¹) and biological yield (55.60 q ha⁻¹), representing a 17.23% increase in grain yield over 100% RDF. The integrated application of organic and inorganic nutrient sources, together with conservation tillage, promoted better crop establishment, enhanced nodulation and improved biomass accumulation, resulting in higher productivity. The findings suggest that continuous zero tillage integrated with FYM @ 10 t ha⁻¹, crop residue retention and biofertiliser inoculation is an effective and sustainable management strategy for improving chickpea productivity in the pearl millet–chickpea cropping system under the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

Background: In order to know about the yield gap, economic return, level of farmer satisfaction and challenges faced by the farmers, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute-conducted on-farm front-line demonstrations (FLDs) on the chickpea crop in various villages of Muzaffarpur and Vaishali districts of Bihar in 2020-21 and 2021-22. Methods: Every year, twenty farmers’ fields were used for front-line demonstrations (FLDs) to show how improved agro-techniques affect output and financial gains. The chickpea variety Pusa 3043 (BG 3043) was demonstrated with the use of improved production technologies. Result: The technologies under FLDs that were demonstrated produced an augmented mean yield of 19.10 q/ha, which was 35.95% higher than the yield of 14.05 q/ha obtained from the farmer’s practice known as local check. The FLDs recorded an additional return of 20378.00 ₹/ha and 22975.00 ₹/ha with a B: C ratio of 2.21 and 2.44 for demonstration and 1.70 and 1.88 for local check during 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Therefore, the introduction of new chickpea varieties, along with the suggested improved package of practices and technologies, could lead to an increase in chickpea productivity.

A field experiment was conducted at the Research cum Instructional Farm, S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, IGKV, Chhattisgarh, during the kharif season of 2023 in a split-plot design. The treatments included three main plots: M1 (Broadcasting), M2 (Line sowing), and M3 (Semi-dry condition), and five sub-plots: W1 [Pre-emergence herbicide (Pretilachlor @ 750 g ai ha⁻¹) at 3 DAS + 1 hand weeding (HW) at 15 DAS], W2 [Post-emergence herbicide (Trifloxysulfuron + Ethoxysulfuron @ 67.5 g ai ha⁻¹) at 15 DAS + 1 HW at 30 DAS], W3 (W1+W2), W4 (weed-free), and W5 (weedy check). In terms of seeding techniques, all crop growth parameters and indices such as plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and crop growth rate were recorded highest in the line sowing treatment, which was found to be statistically on par with the semi-dry condition. Data revealed that all yield-attributing characters, including panicle length, total number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield, and straw yield, were recorded significantly higher in the M2 (Line sowing) treatment, which was also statistically on par with the M3 (Semi-dry condition) treatment. Among weed management practices, the W3 treatment (Pre-emergence herbicide as Pretilachlor @ 750 g ai ha⁻¹ + 1 HW at 15 DAS, followed by post-emergence herbicide as Trifloxysulfuron + Ethoxysulfuron @ 67.5 g ai ha⁻¹ + 1 HW at 30 DAS) recorded the highest growth and yield-attributing traits, which were on par with W2 (Post-emergence with Trifloxysulfuron + Ethoxysulfuron @ 67.5 g ai ha⁻¹ + 1 HW at 30 DAS).

Kinnow mandarin is one of the most important fruit crops in the citrus group, owing to its expanding cultivation area, rising production, and increasing market demand. However, thrips infestation from flowering to fruiting stages has emerged as a serious challenge for growers. In the absence of effective alternatives, farmers often rely on unlabeled or non-recommended insecticide mixtures, which adversely affect beneficial microorganisms and natural enemies, while also contributing to soil degradation and water pollution. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers the most sustainable solution to address these issues. To evaluate its effectiveness, field trials were conducted during 2021–2023 at Hisar, Haryana. Results showed that the lowest thrips populations (1.00 ± 0.77, 2.36 ± 0.76, and 2.55 ± 1.33 adults per branch/tapping in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively) were recorded under the IPM module. This success was attributed to the combined use of blue sticky traps (20/ha), neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% on young leaves, and cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD @ 600 ml in 500 litres of water. In contrast, higher thrips populations were observed under farmer practice (2.05 ± 1.25, 3.40 ± 1.07, and 3.04 ± 1.46) and untreated control (3.05 ± 1.65, 4.39 ± 1.28, and 3.78 ± 1.68). These findings validate IPM as an economically viable and environmentally sound strategy for the successful management of thrips in Kinnow mandarin.

Sustaining levels of soil potassium (K) pools in soils across agro-ecologies are crucial for optimizing nutrient use, prevent K depletion, and ensure long-term soil health. This study explores the underlying mechanisms and interconnections among various K pools under contrasting upland (maize-based) and lowland (rice-based) ecologies from a 14 years long-term field experiment conducted on Fluvisols encompassing four cropping systems (main plots) and three nutrient management strategies (sub-plots). The maize–wheat–maize–chickpea system recorded the highest water-soluble (15.6 kg ha−1) and exchangeable K (162.7 kg ha−1), while pigeonpea–wheat had the highest non-exchangeable K (1826.2 kg ha−1), over maize–wheat (p < 0.05). In the 0–15 cm, INM significantly improved soil K fractions over RDF, with water-soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and total K increasing by 37.6, 17.9, 12.2, and 10.1%, respectively. In lowland ecology, the rice–wheat system contains 50 and 30% higher water-soluble K than rice–wheat–rice–chickpea and rice–wheat–mungbean at 0–15 cm. While, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K increased by 3.4–13% in the same over other systems. At 15–30 cm, rice–wheat–rice–chickpea recorded 9–10% higher water-soluble K and exchangeable K than other systems. Ecology-wise, a notable finding was that lowland soils exhibited 3–4 times higher water-soluble K, 52% more exchangeable K, and 5–10% higher non-exchangeable K than upland soils (p < 0.05). Wheat yields correlated significantly with total, exchangeable, and water-soluble K in upland. Rice yields in lowland significantly correlated with total, non-exchangeable, and water-soluble K, indicating the importance of soil K reserves in crop productivity. Systems like pigeonpea–wheat, maize–wheat–maize–chickpea, and rice–wheat–rice–chickpea were most effective in replenishing K reserves, offering a scalable strategy to support soil K levels against intensive cereal based systems underlining the ecological benefits of legume inclusion and integrated nutrient management in sustaining soil K dynamics across diverse production systems.

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is widespread across India. As a sustainable alternative, balanced and integrated application of fertiliser-P with organic P sources offers a viable strategy to enhance P availability and achieve targeted yields. With this hypothesis, a field experiment was conducted under a pigeonpea–wheat system to evaluate integrated P management (IPsM) treatments involving diverse organic amendments: farmyard manure, poultry manure, crop residues in combination with 60

ABSTRACT A detailed insight on global yield change of crops, soil quality parameters, and water‐nutrient‐energy nexus and biotic factors under conservation tillage (CT) in comparison to conventional tillage (CONT) is limited. We summarized the impacts of CT on yields, profitability, soil quality, and ecosystem sustainability in comparison to CONT. Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7% ( p < 0.05) with adoption of CT (> 3 years) compared to CONT. The CT has led to a significant improvement in crop productivity in North America (+6.2%) and Australia/Oceania (+21.4%) over CONT. Similarly, positive changes in yields with CT, although nonsignificant, were noted in Asia, South America, Europe, and Africa. The CT significantly increased the yields (+4.0%) of cereal crops. Among the crops, yield increase under CT was the highest for sorghum (110.1%) and lowest for soybean (1.3%). Adoption of CT for > 10 years (11–20 years) could increase yields of crops up to 6%–18%. Notably, CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT. Despite higher emissions of nitrous oxide, the net global warming potential was consistently lower in CT‐based systems than CONT. The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT. The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT over a large agro‐ecologies.

Increasing heat stress is detrimental to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and production. Therefore, dedicated efforts are urgently needed to develop heat tolerant chickpea genotypes for food security. This study evaluates the tolerance of 26 chickpea genotypes under heat stress and non-stress conditions across three years (2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019-2020) under field conditions. Significant genotypic variation was observed for phenological (days to flowering, pod initiation, maturity) and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, nitrogen balance index, membrane stability) under both environments. Heat stress resulted in a considerable reduction in biomass and yield-related traits. Under heat stress, days to 50% flowering and maturity were reduced by 4 days and 24 days, respectively, while a 34.7% average yield reduction was observed compared to non-stressed conditions. Genotypes 'IPC 2014-55', 'IPC 2011-78', and 'ICC 92944' exhibited the least yield loss and showed better resilience under heat stress. The GGE biplot analysis identified genotypes with superior performance and stability, genotypes 'IPC 2014-55' and 'IPC 2011-78', performed consistently across both stressed and non-stressed conditions. AMMI analysis and PCA-based clustering revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions, with certain genotypes like 'IPC 2019-05' exhibiting distinct variations under stress, because of extra early maturity. The study concludes that genotypes 'IPC 2014-55', 'IPC 2011-78', and 'IPC 2019-05' are promising candidates for breeding heat-tolerant chickpea. Correlation analysis indicated that selection of genotypes with high cell membrane stability, chlorophyll, high seed yield plant-1, and high pods plant-1 under heat stress environment are suitable for developing heat tolerant chickpeas.

Sustainable phosphorus (P)-management is highly pertinent in the present day agriculture as global Preserve is highly limited. Adsorption-desorption studies help elucidate complex phosphorus chemistry influenced by management practices. The present investigation has been taken up to ascertain the Padsorption-desorption pattern in pigeonpea (PP) (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)-wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) system under alkaline Fluvisol. Field experiment was conducted for three years (2019-2022) in randomised block design with four replication having six treatments namely: T1: PP0-W0 (subscripts denote the P2O5 rate applied to the crop, in kg ha-1); T2: PP60- W60; T3: PP36-W36 + 5 t farmyard manure (FYM) ha-1 T4: PP36-W36+ 1 t poultry manure (PM) ha-1; T5: PPP36-W36+ 50% wheat residue (WR); T6: PP36-W36+ 50% WR + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) at ICAR-IIPR. Experimental findings showed, available P content was highest in PP36-W36 + PM and langmuir adsorption parameters like maximum P adsorption capacity (b) and affinity constant (k) was noted maximum in PP0-W0 and the trend of ‘b’ in pigeonpea follows: PP36-W36+ WR > PP60-W603; PP36-W36+ WR > PP36-W36 + FYM = PP36-W36 +PM. Low maximum P buffering capacity (MPBC) due to reduced P-fixation in plots received PM indirectly refers to the need of lesser P-fertilisers in both the crops. In case of desorption, higher value of ‘a’ in PP0-W0 (121.26 and 135 in pigeonpea and wheat respectively) refers to the marginal P-supplying potential as compared to PP36-W36 + PM (67.62 in pigeonpea) and PP36-W36+ FYM (81.54 in pigeonpea). Also, a higher desorption index (DI) in control plots indicates inability of crops to utilise soil P due to high bonding energy. In the end, application of PP36-W36+PM improved P-availability and has higher potential to supply P to crops.

Integrated phosphorus (P) management encompassing both conventional and organic sources is a sustainable option to save synthetic fertilizers without compromising crop productivity. Thus, a three 3-year field (2019–2021) experiment has been conducted to assess the impact of six integrated P-management modules on crop productivity and soil–plant P dynamics under pearl millet–chickpea system in the alkaline Fluvisol of Kanpur. The results showed productivity of both the crops increased over the years irrespective of treatments and highest chickpea equivalent pearl millet yield was recorded in 100% recommended dose of P (3.90 t ha−1). Nitrate reductase (61 and 26% in pearl millet and chickpea, respectively) and total chlorophyll had significant jump in 60% recommended dose of P + farm yard manure (5 t ha−1) over control. Soluble P fraction surged by 45% (pearl millet) and 18% (chickpea) in 60% recommended dose of P +crop residue (50%)+ P solubilising bacteria over control with efficient utilization of non-labile inorganic P fractions in both the crops. Higher physiological and internal P use efficiency in control plot indicates efficient use of above ground P under deficiency in both the crops. Correlation study showed grain yield was not significantly interlinked with soil inorganic P fractions in both the crops. Improved physio-chemical condition of soil along continual nutrient and labile carbon availability lead to significant leap in dehydrogenase (27% in pearl millet and 17% in chickpea) and alkaline phosphatase (27% in pearl millet and 31% in chickpea) in 60% recommended dose of P +crop residue (50%)+ P solubilising bacteria over completely fertilized plots in the end of 3 years. In nutshell, it can be inferred that application of 60% recommended dose of P +crop residue (50%)+ P solubilising bacteria along could be an excellent alternative to conventional practices (100% recommended dose of P) certifying higher P-availability and P-use efficacy.

Context: Weed infestation is a major constraint in crop production across the globe but few herbicide options are available. In India, the world's major chickpea producer, broadleaf weeds are most damaging to chickpea due to lack of post-emergence herbicides. Objective: The study aimed to systematically evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of topramezone, a novel post-emergence (POST) herbicide, for broad-spectrum weed control in chickpea. Methods: We tested different pre-emergence (PRE) and POST herbicides alone and in combination with topramezone during 2021-22 and 2022-23 in thirteen locations under major mega-environments of India, comprising different agro-climatic conditions. Results: The average yield loss due to weed infestation was 52.3 % (24.1 - 73.6, CI 95 %) across locations. Across all locations, the sequential herbicide application comprising oxyfluorfen 150 g a.i. ha(-1) PRE - topramezone 20.6 g a.i. ha(-1) POST at 14 days after sowing, DAS (OXYF150-TOPR20.6) exhibited the highest weed control efficiency of 70 % (68.2 - 81.1, CI 95 %) and recorded yields up to 98 % of the weed-free check, reducing yield losses by up to 60 % over weedy check. In contrast, narrow-spectrum herbicides such as propaquizafop at 150 g a.i. ha(-1) and quizalofop-p-ethyl 150 g a.i. ha(-1) at 25 DAS had the lowest efficiency (similar to 55-58 %) and yielded only 60-80 % of weed-free check, proving the need of herbicides for managing broadleaf weeds in chickpea. The OXYF150-TOPR20.6 significantly enhanced the grain yield (1537-1858 kg ha(-1)) and delivered the highest net return (similar to Indian Rupee52,000) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR: similar to 3.0), proving its superiority in both productivity and profitability across agro-climatic zones. Conclusion and significance: It is the first comprehensive evaluation of topramezone and its sequential use with PRE herbicides under major mega-environments of India. This study highlights topramezone's potential as a globally viable POST herbicide, offering effective weed control, improved chickpea yield, and sustainable weed management.

Cannabis sativa L. is an important medicinal plant with high commercial value. In recent years, the research interest in cannabidiol (CBD) and terpene-rich cannabis has been rapidly expanding due to their high therapeutic potential. The present study aims to explore the phytocannabinoids and terpenes diversity in C. sativa collected from different parts of northern India. Our findings revealed that the cannabinoids and terpenes synthesize together in capitate stalked and capitate sessile glandular trichomes, whereas bulbous glands synthesize only terpenes. The North Indian C. sativa is mainly dominated by tetrahydrocannabinol. The CBD-rich plant diversity is nominal (1.11%) in studied north Indian C. sativa. The essential oil profiling reveals (E)-caryophyllene (10.30%-36.80%) as the major constituent, followed by α-humulene (0.50%-15.29%) and α-bisabolol (0.00%-16.40%) in the North Indian population. The cannabinoids and terpenes content showed significant diversity among and within the five studied populations. The correlation analysis between cannabinoids and terpenes indicates that α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene positively correlated with CBD content. Similarly, α- and β-selinene correlate positively with tetrahydrocannabinolic acid content. This study could help to identify the key cultivars from India and establish a consistent chemotype for future breeding programs.

Aims: The development of convenient food products including nutrient-dense pulses along with cereals, make it complete food by integrating complementary proteins present in cereals and pulses. Lentils are major pulse, which is often consumed after dehusking to enhance culinary and functional properties. Abrasive dehusking surfaces cause scouring of outer layer of cotyledons, which gets mixed with husk to produce milling byproduct in the process. To explore the possibility of edible usage lentil milling byproduct, bioactive compounds present in whole lentil, dehusked lentil and milling byproduct and its fractions, were studied for two lentil varieties, IPL-406 and IPL-316. Study Design: Analysis of samples of whole, dehusked and milling byproduct fractions. Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024 (U.P.), India. December 2018 to March, 2022. Methodology: In the study physical and biochemical attributes were determined. Milling byproduct was fractionated to the particle sizes categories of >1.00 mm, >0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm. Physical properties, viz., moisture content, 1000 grain weight, average and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, true density, angle of repose and coefficient of static friction, which play important role in designing of equipment, were determined. The biochemical compounds viz., protein, total phenol, antioxidants and calorific value of whole and dehusked lentils, byproduct and its fractions, were assessed for their food value. Results: The largest fraction of milling byproduct (>1 mm) for the varieties had high phenols (5701.04 and 5447.62 GAE/100g) and antioxidants (190.59 and 210.41 mmol TE/100g). The finest fraction of lentil milling byproduct (<0.25 mm), exhibited the highest protein content in both varieties, recorded to be 25.05% in IPL-406 and 22.64% in IPL-316. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to elucidate correlations among the measured variables, providing insight into the relationships between physical properties and nutrient distribution in the milling fractions. Conclusion: Lentil milling byproduct rich in fibers, phenols and antioxidant can be utilised to develop value added products with nutritive and therapeutic usage.