The Qaidam Basin is endowed with abundant Tertiary hydrocarbon resources and possesses major exploration potential. Lacking an overall understanding on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the basin is not favorable for making new progress in hydrocarbon exploration. In this study, using outcrop, core, well logging and seismic data, the Tertiary strata of the Qaidam Basin was divided into 7 second-order sequences, 12 third-order sequences and 24 system tracts. In addition, 7 sedimentary facies types were identified, i.e., diluvial fan, braided river, flood plain, fan delta, braided river delta, lacustrine deposit and turbidite fan. Six single sedimentary factors were selected for analysis, and with third-order sequences as the unit, the distribution and evolution of sedimentary systems were defined. For the controlling factors of lithofacies paleogeography, “snow mountains controlling lakes” and “fault steps control basins” were proposed. It is believed that under a compressional tectonic setting, lake level fluctuation is closely related to elevations of peripheral mountains, and lake water is sourced principally from mountain snowmelt. A higher structural uplifting amplitude will result in a larger area of mountain snow, a greater water supply and a larger lake area. Boundary faults of the basin retreated towards the mountains in a step way, resulting in an expanded basin. However, the faults advancing towards the center of the basin aroused basin shrinkage. From a sedimentary view, the distribution characteristics of Tertiary source rocks and reservoirs of the Qaidam Basin were analyzed; it is proposed that the periphery of the hydrocarbon generation center of the Shizigou–Mangya sag is the present-day optimum exploration zone, and the periphery of the hydrocarbon generation center of the Yiliping depression center is a potential favorable exploration zone.

The upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in the Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin, is one of the typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China. Research into the sequential order of reservoir densification and gas accumulation is the key to revealing the formation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. However, this scientific issue is still a subject of debate in the Daniudi gas field. Based on a series of reservoir experiments and in combination with stratigraphic burial and thermal maturity history, a comprehensive study is conducted on the formation and natural gas accumulation processes of the upper Paleozoic sandstone reservoir in the Daniudi gas field. Study results indicate that the main causes of sandstone reservoir densification of the study area include long-term compaction, multistage quartz cementation and carbonate cementation. In accordance with the time order of reservoir densification and gas accumulation, the formation of tight gas reservoirs can be divided into two types: self-sourced and near-source accumulations. In the former, before sandstone reservoir densification occurs, low-maturity natural gas generated from coal rocks and dark mudstones enter the reservoir quickly, migrate towards structural highs as driven by buoyancy, and then accumulate and form gas reservoir in favourable lithologic traps. In the latter, after tight sandstone reservoirs are formed, high-maturity gas migrates along fractures formed in the Late Cretaceous and accumulate in the nearby reservoir with micro-fractures. The study results provide a new understanding of the formation process of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and provides a reference for the exploration and development of the same type gas reservoirs.

结晶学理论与实验教学中需要用到大量的晶体模型。本文针对常规实物模型存在的部分单形无法实际展示、模型携带和投屏不够方便、对称操作不够形象、交互式教学难于实现等难点和痛点问题，在“深度交互式结晶学教学平台”中构建了挑战性模块，利用虚拟仿真平台挑战性模块在模型构建方面的优势，尝试了晶体模型认知体验、聚形分析中的形象化显示与讨论、线下/线上教学中翻转课堂教学实践，以及提出了以班级/小组为单位的挑战性研讨的教学理念。上述教学模式能较好地发挥虚拟仿真模型的深度参与和交互性特点，在自主式教学、研讨式教学中具有良好的使用体验，对于实验课程的教学改革和实验效果的提升，可以起到很好的促进作用。

针对"结晶学"课程教学中存在空间思维能力要求高、学习难度大等难点与痛点问题,本文基于虚拟仿真教学平台以及先进的实验室开放平台,进行了教学改革实践.主要构建了虚拟仿真模型库与过关检验系统、教师自主实验管理系统及实验报告自动批改系统、挑战性互动系统、全时互动型实验室开放系统,以此为基础,实现了实物模型与虚拟仿真模型的结合、课堂教学与雨课堂的结合、挑战性研讨与实验室全时开放的结合,强化课程思政,营造了良好教学氛围,取得了良好的教学效果.

Alluvial fans in humid regions are different from arid alluvial fans for the special sedimentary characteristics and distribution pattern. In this paper, we systematically studied the sedimentary facies of Jurassic Badaowan Formation in the northern margin piedmont belt of Junggar Basin based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data acquired. The results show that under the comprehensive influences of tectonic setting, paleo-provenance and paleo-climate, large-scaled humid alluvial fans are developed in the piedmont belt of Hala'alt mountain. The fluvial activity of alluvial fan is stronger and more stable in the humid type than that in the arid type. Three subfacies are identified in the humid alluvial fan, i.e. the upper fan, middle fan and lower fan. The middle fan can be further divided into braided river channel and the peat bog. Then we build the sedimentary facies model based on the microfacies types and distributions. This model is significantly different from arid alluvial fan in lithologic features, sedimentary sequences, distribution scales and microfacies match patterns. The reservoir distribution is mainly controlled by the favorable microfacies, lithofacies and depositional fabric. We suggest that the braided river channel glutenite lithofacies and grit lithofacies in the middle fan subfacies are the most favorable reservoir facies belt for hydrocarbon accumulation.

The Upper Paleozoic sedimentary succession in the Ordos Basin, Norther China, contains typical tight gas sandstones. Densification process and diagenetic evolution of these sandstones are poorly known but are important for exploration of reservoirs. Herein, petrographic features of these rocks are described by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cathodeluminescence. In addition, inclusions in quartz overgrowth and calcite cementation are examined with homogenization temperature measurements, and Raman spectroscopy. The sandstones are mainly quartz sandstone, lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone, with a medium to coarse grain size and good sorting. The reservoir properties are quite poor, with low porosity and permeability. Densification of the Upper Paleozoic sandstones are attributed to long-term mechanical compaction and multi-stages of siliceous and calcite cementations. Moreover, the quartz dissolution due to the presence of alkaline fluid forms intragranular and intergranular pores, thus providing the main space for the sandstone reservoirs. During the diagenetic evolution, tight sandstone reservoirs have experienced various stages of rapid burial and strong compaction, alternate acidic and alkaline actions, formation of reservoirs, uplifting and rework, with great differences between these stages in mineral assemblage and reservoir physical property. Massive hydrocarbons were generated following Stage II of quartz overgrowth in which the number of quartz dissolved pores substantially increased because of more intensive alkaline dissolution. The hydrocarbons preferably flow into the reservoir strata with better properties, thus forming tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

青年教师教学能力的培养与提升，对于大学专业课程教学质量的提高具有重要的意义，而青年教师教学比赛是促进青年教师成长与发展，提高教学质量和教学水平的有效途径。本文结合山东省高校青年教师教学比赛的参赛经历，从比赛意义、材料组织、参赛细节等方面阐述心得体会，并从“以赛促教”提升青年教师课堂组织能力、提高教学效果等方面展开论述，为青年教师打造属于自己的精品专业课堂提供一些思路。

《结晶学与矿物学》是地质学专业大学生的专业入门课程,理论性与实践性并重,课程对于地质学其他专业课程的学习以及地质兴趣的培养都具有一定影响.通过近年来的课堂教学经验总结,发现该课程目前存在学生学习兴趣不足、课程内容庞杂且抽象以及实验教学手段单一等一系列实际问题,提出了凝练教学内容,突出核心重点、激发学习兴趣、引入翻转课堂教学模式等几个方面的课程教学改革方法及其具体措施.这些教学研究理念及措施能够为其他类似课程的教学改革提供参考和依据.

在当前资源与环境等问题严重制约了我国经济发展的新形势下,地质教育事业相应地面临着前所未有的重大的机遇和挑战.文章以中国石油大学(华东)本科评估与资源勘查工程、勘查技术与工程专业认证为契机,在国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)的指导下,通过大量文献资料查阅、数据统计及专家问卷调研,对我国地质教育学科的发展现状进行了分析总结,并提出目前我国的地质教育应该在优秀人才建设、教学资源与教学内容、地质学科体系化建设等方面进一步予以强化.

文章对我国地质教育学科目前存在的突出问题进行了系统剖析,指出我国地质教育目前在优秀人才建设、教学资源、教学内容、专业融合、基层工作建设以及学科改革等方面仍存在明显不足.建议在研究制定地质学科可持续发展战略的基础上,完善相应的教学政策与教学内容,大力推进优秀人才质量工程建设,切实改善办学条件、学生就业以及一线地质人员工作环境,并通过宣传加大我国地质教育的普及力度,努力使我国由地质教育大国走向高等地质教育强国.

Lacustrine beach-bar reservoirs have become important exploration targets in the Bohai Bay Basin in China, especially in the Banqiao Sag within the Huanghua Depression, where some typical thick layer beach-bar reservoirs have been discovered recently. The average single-layer thickness of the beach-bar sand bodies in the second member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation within the sag is greater than 10 m and the cumulative thickness of these sands reach up to 100 m. The second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Banqiao Sag consists of a third-order sequence of three systems tracts - a lowstand systems tract, a transgressive systems tract, and a highstand systems tract. Beach-bar sand bodies were deposited widely in the sag in the lowstand systems tract, but were less deposited in the other systems tracts. The sedimentary characteristics, distribution patterns, and formation mechanisms of the beach-bar sand bodies in the lowstand systems tract of the second member of the Shahejie Formation were systemically studied using cores, wireline logs and 3D seismic data. The beach-bar was divided into five sedimentary microfacies, namely, sandy bar centre, sandy bar flank, interbar deposit, coastal beach, and infralittoral beach. Based on the integrated analysis of the paleostructure and sedimentary environment, it was inferred that the thick layer beach-bars in this area resulted from the combination and joint control of the sediment source system, hydrodynamic environment, lake level variations, and contemporaneous fault activity. Firstly, the sands in the braided river delta of the Beidagang buried hill structural belt served as the provenance that provided the material basis for the beach-bars in the Banqiao Sag. Secondly, the wave effects in the gentle-slope belt controlled the scale and distribution of the beach bars. Under the control of waves, various sedimentary microfacies were regularly distributed. In particular, the continuous activity of the contemporaneous Dazhangtuo Fault contributed to the formation of the thick layer beach-bars in the Banqiao Sag. The contemporaneous fault controlled the allocation of the sediments, providing abundant sands in the down thrown side of the fault. In addition, there was a constant high-energy hydrodynamic environment near the fault plane, where the sand bodies experienced long-term reworking by waves and gradually formed beach-bars with large thickness. The activity of the contemporaneous fault increased the accommodation space in the lowstand systems tract of the second member of the Shahejie Formation, which resulted in continuous sand deposition and provided the necessary conditions for forming the thick layer beach-bars.

设计开发了一套基于Android操作系统的地质认识实习移动教学平台.该平台基于手机版百度地图Android SDK构建,充分融合了移动网络技术与空间信息技术,实现了野外地形图与地质图浏览、路线设计与管理、观测点定位与导航、教学知识点查询等功能.利用该平台辅助野外教学,实习过程中能够避免由于地形、天气以及工程活动等造成的迷路、遗漏观测点等情况,有效提升野外地质实习的效率和质量.

In order to reveal the sedimentary facies distribution and evolution pattern of the 2nd Member of Shahejie For-mation in Bonan Subsag of Bohai Bay Basin and to find new target areas for future oil and gas exploration in Zhanhua de-pression,we classiffied and correlated the sand groups of the 2nd Member of Shahejie Formation,delineated the distribu-tion of sedimentary facies in different historical periods and summarized the sedimentary evolution pattern based on the comprehensive study of core,logging and seismic data.Four sand groups were identified in the 2 nd Member of the Shahejie Formation in Bonan Subsag.They overlap each other southwards and get larger progressively in distribution area.Near the uplift zone around the Bonan Subsag,fan delta front deposits are predominant and consist mainly of underwater distributa-ry channel microfacies, followed by channel mouth bar and subaquatic interdistributary embayments.Inside the Bonan Subsag,shore-shallow lacustrine beach bars are predominant and can be divided into three types with different distribu-tion patterns according to their origin,namely normal sandy beach bars,sandstone and carbonate mixed beach bars and storm beach bars.The sedimentary evolution of the 2nd Member of Shahejie Formation features in continuous enlarging of lake basin,progressive expanding of sedimentary range.decreasing of fan delta distribution area,and increasing of beach bar distribution area.

综合岩石薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、流体包裹体及激光拉曼光谱等实验技术,对大牛地气田下石盒子组致密砂岩储层成岩作用类型及特征进行研究,精细刻画成岩作用活动期次,对储层成岩演化过程进行阶段划分,探讨储层致密化过程与烃类流体多期充注的次序关系.研究结果表明:大牛地气田下石盒子组致密砂岩储层以中砂岩为主,岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主;强压实、强硅质胶结、碱性溶解是下石盒子组致密砂岩储层的总体成岩面貌,胶结作用是引起储层致密化的主要原因,可细分出3期硅质胶结与2期钙质胶结;储层的成岩演化过程可依次划分为快速压实、酸碱交替、致密化和致密后4个阶段,储层成岩演化过程中存在3期含烃流体充注,含烃流体充注时间早于储层完全致密化时期,储层总体呈“先成藏—后致密”的特征.

针对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区低渗砂岩储层物性极差、非均质性强的特点,从储层低渗的成因机制研究入手,建立了“分选性砂岩含量”模型来约束孔隙度建模;并将“序贯指示模拟思想”引入到渗透率建模当中.通过贝叶斯指示模拟与协变量参数的有机结合,最终形成了一套适合于低渗-特低渗储层属性建模的方法.研究结果表明,砂质含量与颗粒分选程度、成岩作用类型及强度是低渗砂岩储集空间发育分布的控制因素,而有效的建模方法精确刻画了次生孔隙发育带与相对高渗区.建模结果客观反映了低渗储层的严重非均质性,改善了低渗储层随机建模方案,能为油藏数值模拟、开发方案的制定提供合理的地质模型.

为了查明渤南洼陷沙二段优质储层的成因机制,通过开展岩石物性、薄片、扫描电镜、孔隙图像分析等实验,对储层特征进行研究,从沉积和成岩2个方面探讨储层物性的主控因素.研究结果表明:研究区主要发育扇三角洲前缘与滨浅湖滩坝2类砂岩储集体,二者在岩矿成分、胶结物类型、储集物性以及次生孔隙类型等方面均存在一定差别.沉积环境决定了碎屑颗粒粒度与分选程度,进而影响着储层原生孔隙的保存及次生孔隙的发育.扇三角洲储层以泥质胶结为主,压实损孔率高,受酸性流体溶蚀在2200～2400 m和2800～31 00 m形成了2个次生孔隙发育带;滩坝储层以钙质胶结为主,原生孔隙破坏严重,在2100～2300 m,2500～2800 m和2900～3200m处形成了3个次生孔隙发育带.滨浅湖砂坝与溶蚀相的组合储集物性最好,勘探过程中应在全区广布的薄互层砂体中寻找此类单砂体厚度较大、物性较好的砂体.

正确划分储层的流动单元可以深化对储层非均质性的认识,对预测剩余油分布、调整开发方案、提高采收率都具有重要意义.通过将基于孔渗分析法、水力单元流动层指标FZI法、孔喉几何形状分析法、K/φ法等几种常用的流动单元识别方法相结合,利用聚类分析与Fisher判别分析方法,将鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区延安组砂岩储层定量划分为4类流动单元.通过对105口井流动单元类型进行序贯指示模拟,研究了延安组延81、延83、延91、延92、延101五套主力油层的流动单元平面展布状况.结合油藏数值模拟成果与该地区实际的生产状况,分析了各类流动单元与剩余油分布之间的关系,指出Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类流动单元是剩余油分布的主要区域,是该区挖潜的主要目标.

综合野外露头、岩心、钻测井以及分析测试资料等,对准噶尔盆地北缘哈拉阿拉特山山前带侏罗系八道湾组开展了系统的沉积相研究.结果表明:八道湾组一段沉积时期,受构造背景、古物源、古气候的综合影响,哈山南缘山前带发育一套典型的湿地扇沉积,可识别出扇根、扇中、扇缘三种亚相,扇中可进一步分为辫状水道和泥炭沼泽两类微相;在明确了相类型及其展布特征的基础上,建立研究区湿地扇沉积相模式,其在岩性特征、沉积序列、平面规模、微相组合等方面均与洪积扇有明显区别;山前带湿地扇沉积区具有良好的勘探潜力,有利的微相、岩石相以及原始沉积组构共同控制着油藏分布,其中扇中辫状水道砂砾岩相和粗砂岩相为原油富集的有利储集相带.

In order to reveal the relationship between the Cenozoic fault structure and hydrocarbon accumulation of Banqiao sag,the fault activity and their reservoir-controlling mechanism are systematically researched using the oilfield structural anal-ysis method. The results show that the sag can be divided into three structural zones:the faulted tectonic transfer belt in the north,the faulted nose belt in the central and strike-slip deformation belt in the south. The master faults exhibiting geological periods vertically and segments horizontally,generate a lot of secondary faults. The fault activities at all levels formed the panorama of Cenozoic fault structure. Based on comprehensive research of fault activity and carrier systems,as well as the hydrocarbon distribution,two different models of migration and accumulation are established,which are“deep and shallow accumulation in contemporaneous faults”and“shallow accumulation in secondary faults”respectively.