The spatiotemporal redistribution of traffic flows under alternating blocking of channels at a signalized four-leg intersection is investigated using the case of Augustusplatz in Leipzig, Germany. Observations were conducted over three days, with flows recorded in 48 half-hour intervals per day across four directions and four categories of vehicles. For stochastic modelling, the negative binomial distribution, Taylor's dispersion index (VMR), Shannon entropy, and an approximation based on M/G/1 queueing theory were applied. A mathematically grounded framework for the real-time network control is proposed, highlighting the necessity of adaptive signal timing adjustments to accommodate stochastic fluctuations and spatial overcompensation effects during node closures.

The article analyzes the volumes of transported goods, freight traffic, during transportation by railway transport. The dynamics of transport accidents on railway transport were studied, the distribution of the number of transport accidents per 1 million tons of transported cargo and cargo turnover by various types of transport was determined. The concept of the criterion of transport accidents was introduced, and the correlation between the volume of transported goods and freight traffic and the number of accidents, incidents, and catastrophes was investigated. The components of the criterion of transport accidents and approaches to the calculation are substantiated.

The research focuses on simulation modeling of the influence of factors on transport nodes. The utilization of electronic devices and sensors to track factors that are difficult to take into account by conventional methods is considered. The research emphasizes the importance of simulation modeling for the analysis of complex systems and offers the concept of applying modern technologies to accurately collect real data and create more realistic impact models. In the course of the research, current theories and developments concerning modern trends in simulation modeling were analyzed, areas that require clarification and additions were identified. In the experimental part, a simplified electronic circuit of a device for generating pulses, which is sensitive to the readings of real-time sensors, is proposed. The use of such devices can facilitate the collection of primary information about operational changes in the city’s road network, the formation of data arrays for traffic management systems. The development is of significant importance for identifying stochastic factors in certain areas and transport hubs, as well as determining the intensity of stochastic effects.

Ensuring safety during the transportation of goods by railway transport with the minimization of the level of risks is a priority task today. An analysis was made that shows that in Ukraine there are significant developments in the field of improving the design of wagons, their dynamic characteristics and safety. Manufacturers of railway cars strive to increase the number of new, high-quality and technically advanced (under the terms of interoperability) railway rolling stock in use. 11 interoperability specifications were considered: infrastructure; energy; management; noise; persons with limited mobility; safety in tunnels; freight cars; locomotives, passenger cars and rolling stock; freight transportation telematics; passenger transportation telematics; the movement of trains that are approved and currently in operation. The considered requirements and components of the Technical Certification of Interoperability and domestic normative documents for railway cars, namely: the requirements of the Technical Certification of Interoperability for freight railway cars; requirements of regulatory documents in Ukraine regarding tank cars; technical characteristics of tank cars produced in Ukraine. A comparative analysis was made of the conformity of the general technical parameters of tank cars manufactured in Ukraine, the principle of operation and design of brake systems of freight cars, the conformity of the dimensions of tank cars, regarding the determination of the dimensions of railway rolling stock (or the dimensions of rolling stock), the fulfillment of conditions under which it is possible the east of the rolling stock. Calculations were made for an empty car in the presence of a raised outer rail, as well as calculations of traffic safety criteria according to these standards. Taking into account the requirements for the production of modern rolling stock is a necessity, which is considered on the example of tank cars, which are currently produced for compliance with interoperability requirements, and the proposed priority measures to achieve the specified compliance

Purpose. The authors aim to improve the methodology of traction calculations and operation modes of traction rolling stock by applying optimization models and the law of mechanical energy conservation. Methodology. The article provides a flowchart of the algorithm for performing traction calculations. Based on the analysis of existing methods of influence of track circumstances on the train movement equations and formalization of the train as a material point, a model of concentric influence in the transition nodes of profiles steepness was proposed, a method of uneven loading of bogies on bumpy and mountain traffic profiles was introduced, expressions for dividing the train by a finite value of sets were proposed. Based on the law of mechanical energy conservation, a method was developed for determining the value of controlled specific forces necessary for dynamic solving the equation of train motion. The algorithm for searching for specific traction and braking forces is graphically displayed, and methods of recursive functions are used when the specific forces exceed the maximum permissible values of traction characteristics of locomotives. Findings. Differences in the methods of existing rules of traction calculations and the proposed methodology for the influence of the track profile are graphically displayed and mathematically calculated. The need to revise the existing calculation rules is mathematically proved, the values for a freight train weighing 609 tons on the locomotive depot service shoulder were set. The impossibility of obtaining such values by accurate methods based on the rules of traction calculations is analyzed, and the need to create new mode maps when revising weight standards is determined. Based on the research results, it is proposed to introduce mathematical models in the locomotive traction calculation rules. Originality. A method for improving traction calculations based on revaluation of the influence of the track profile on rolling stock is proposed. A methodology for modulating the operation of traction rolling stock is introduced and mathematical methods for finding the specific values of the required controlled forces in traction, run-out and braking modes based on train traffic schedules are proposed. Practical value. The results of the research will improve the accuracy of calculations, allow for energy-efficient revision and development of regime maps of train management, help reduce the cost of train traction and search for hidden opportunities to improve the carrying capacity of existing railway lines, and also contribute to improving the efficiency of the country's railway comple

The article is devoted to the study of energy-efficient use of traction rolling stock for driving trains. It deals with the optimal driving mode and the main parameters of traction calculations. Based on the use of GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation units, a method for determining the basic resistance of cars in real time is proposed. The possibility of using the results obtained on locomotives with analog devices and no movement tracking is analyzed. The “Traction Calculations” software package in the C# programming language was modified in order to reduce the time and facilitate calculations of the locomotive traction service. In the course of the study, the equation of the main resistance of the cars of train No. 3612 was determined. On the basis of the uncoupled rolling stock, the dependences of speed, time, heating and current of traction electric motors, fuel consumption by the CHME3 locomotive of the Kharkiv-Sortirovochny locomotive depot for the transportation of cars from the Kharkiv-Sortirovochny station to Merefa station were calculated, with recommendations for the driver to use the position of the driver’s controller in order to reduce costs and fulfill the train schedule.

The article considers the issues of determining the energy resources consumption for train traction, taking into account the train conditions and features of traction rolling stock. The criteria of optimality of any mathematical model as well as the requirements to it have been established. The physical essence of fuel and electricity consumption rationing at JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» in general has been presented and considered taking into account the conditions of the work of the locomotive depot and the driver in particular as well. The curves technique of limiting the consumptions rationing range has been analyzed and possible solutions have been presented. Taking into account the Master controller, as an element of control of train driving modes, an example of homogeneous discrete Markov chains of train driving mode selection has been considered. The actual state of electric power consumption rationing has been analysed by the instructors in heat engineering of the motorwaggon depot. The absence of initial norms of electric power consumption from the traction-power passports of electric trains has been found out. Taking into account intensive development of electronic computers and availability of personal computers at the depot a flexible adjustible schedule has been offered, programmable and suitable algorithm for the drivers under operating conditions of analog traction rolling stock. The existing approaches to the calculation of electricity consumption rates for traction of electric rolling stock have been analyzed and compared with the current state of the rationing methodology. The requirements of drivers-instructors in heat engineering (and other personnel for control, processing and adjustment) as well as the availability of electronic and computer equipment at the depot have been considered. Based on the division of expenses for the traction itself, operation of auxiliary machines and heating of electric trains, a mathematical model of establishing the amount of electricity consumption for electric trains traction has been proposed. Relevant conclusions were made at the study on the introduction of mathematical modelling in the expressions that reflect the standards of energy consumption

The article proposes the approach for determining the measure to increase the efficiency of railway transport of the metallurgical plant. The analysis of scientific and normative works on the efficiency of railway transport at industrial enterprises showed that this issue is not fully covered and requires more detailed study. The work of the railway shop of the metallurgical enterprise is considered, namely, the turnover off right cars of different owners and the time of their stay on the factory tracks are determined. An analysis of statistical data was made, which showed that the time difference between the standard set at the enterprise and the actual time of stay of the freight car at the planthas a large discrepancy. This requires spending additional funds for the use of cars of different owners. For this purpose, a model for determining measures to minimize costs at the metallurgical enterprise was developed. The algorithm for its solution involves five stages of calculations. It is based on the model of managements science, which is presented as the approach of linear programming to determine the optimal means of allocating scarce resources in the presence of competing needs. Calculations were made, thanks to which the first stage of development of the model for determining the measure to improve the performance of railway transport was performed and the indicators that characterize it were determined. The total time of rolling stock at the enterprise is determined. Based on this, it is established that it is necessary to separate from the total time the time spent at each station according to the operations performed with the cars. Costs are determined operationally due to the received analysis of the stay and turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise. Installed stations, which are the most time-consuming freight cars, is there is an excess of payment for the down time of cars at these stations. Based on this, it was decided that it is necessary to study in more detail the operations performed with cars at theses stations and to identify "weaknesses" in the turnover of the freight car at the metallurgical enterprise.

The article considers the issues of determining the main technical and economic indicators of the shunting locomotive during its modernization by a hybrid power plant. The analysis of scientific and practical works on the impact of railway transport on the environment and increase the efficiency of shunting locomotives due to design changes, which are aimed at reducing emissions. A model has been developed to determine the rational ecological and energy characteristics of a shunting locomotive, which has been modernized by technical means for energy saving taking into account the ecological component. A procedure, algorithm and program for calculating locomotive parameters have been developed. The main parameters of the shunting locomotive of the ChME3 type at modernization by its hybrid power plant taking into account an ecological component are defined and the estimation of expediency of such modernization is given.

The article deals with global positioning systems integrated on VL11 locomotives. The scheme of operation and comparative characteristics of the accuracy of information from GPS and GLONASS systems are given. Expressions of the main resistance components of the friction forces in rolling stock bearings, rolling friction of wheels on rails, resistance forces on track irregularities, air resistance forces and sliding friction forces of wheels on rails are established. Expressions of components of additional resistance are established: resistance forces from bows, curves, resistance when starting from a place, from low temperatures and wind. The speed dependence is constructed using the specified formulas for the specified calculation parameters. The paper uses the law of conservation of mechanical energy, as the main factor takes into account all the effects on the rolling stock, the movement of the train. Shown graphically with a high-speed graph of the tracking section of the considered stage. Based on the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the real value of the main drag forces of cars on the Shebelinka-Zanki tracking section is established, the possibility of obtaining in real time is proved, and it is proposed to use it to optimize the consumption of fuel and energy resources for train traction. The paper considers the issues of establishing the actual technical parameters of the rolling stock crew by approximating (lianerization) the curve of theoretical smallpox resistance to the real one. An algorithm for searching for technical parameters of the crew part is proposed. The statement about the need to introduce mathematical modeling methods in the locomotive economy in order to establish rational traction costs, search for optimal operating modes and mass practical testing.

The ChoICe of The STRATegy of TeChNICAl oPeRATIoN of moDeRNIZeD ShUNTINg loComoTIveSPurpose.The work is devoted to the relevant issue of choosing a technical operation strategy for modernized shunting locomotives.To achieve this goal, the existing indicators evaluating the technical operation components were considered and a new evaluation criterion was proposed.methodology.Applying a comprehensive approach to assessing the technical operation effectiveness, a new indi cator, a complex technical operation coefficient, was developed.A mathematical model for determining the complex technical operation coefficient was developed.findings.The modeling of the change in the scope of unplanned repairs based on the existing requirements to the value of the percentage of faulty diesel locomotive locomotives.The complex technical exploitation coefficient for different strategies of scheduled technical maintenance and repairs is calculated.originality.Dependences are obtained for unplanned repairs depending on the percentage of faulty locomotives in and the number of sections at the disposal of the locomotive depot.A new criterion of estimation of systems of technical operation of locomotives is proposed and efficiency of its application is proved.Practical value.Modeling was carried out for two types of work (shunting and removal) and four maintenance and repair systems.Calculations of the complex technical operation coefficient for modernized shunting locomotives of the ЧМЕ3М series showed that the change in its value is 3.7-4.25UAH/kWh.Thus, it is preferable to apply the fourth strategy from the considered maintenance and repair strategies.Due to its application, a rational technical operation system for modernized shunting locomotives of the ЧМЕ3М series with diesel engines Cat 3508 was choosen.

The materials consider the possibility of using hydrogen as a fuel for suburban rolling stock in Ukraine. The analysis of the use of hydrogen fuel in transport in various countries of the world is carried out. One of the main stages of calculating the rolling stock is the construction of its traction characteristic, which largely depends on the type of power plant. Therefore, a model has been developed for constructing traction characteristics of a suburban rolling stock when it is converted to hydrogen fuel. For this purpose, an analysis of power equipment with an energy source from a polymer of an exchange membrane fuel cell and methods of connecting their batteries to blocks is done. The scheme of power transmission for the rolling stock is proposed and its efficiency coefficient is preliminarily calculated. The main technical indicators of suburban rolling stock in Ukraine at the moment and using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells on it are considered. Preliminary consideration is given to the operation parameters of the electric circuit of the rolling stock under various modes of its motion. The traction characteristic of a suburban mobile suction on hydrogen fuel is constructed. The proposed model is implemented in the software product MathLab.

The paper considers the possibility of determining the coefficient of blackness or the degree of radiation for inhomogeneous surfaces during thermography. Such approach will allow increasing the accuracy of the analysis of the level of qualitative heat losses during the energy audit of the facility. As a rule, when conducting an energy audit, reference values are used which are given only for one type of material, which introduces an additional error both in the measurement and in the processing of the material.In the majority of cases, thermography is carried out on inhomogeneous surfaces that have different physical characteristics and correspondingly different values of the blackness coefficient. The proposed dependence makes it possible to take into account the heterogeneity of the surface according to the type of material and their ratio to the overall surface of the object under study.The use of this approach will increase the accuracy of the study in thermography and, accordingly, the quality of processing of the thermograms obtained.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of hydraulic calculation of the heat accumulator in the software environment for 3D modeling - SolidWorks. Based on the results of the calculation, the values of the distribution of the velocities of the water flow and the distribution of the static pressure in the given plane of the heat accumulator were obtained, which eventually made it possible to identify the problem areas in the three-dimensional model and obtain the values of the pressure difference.

The work considers the application of thermal imaging control in the operation of diesel locomotives. In particular, the diagnosis of electrical systems, cooling systems and compressors is considered. The results of the thermal imaging control of locomotives of the locomotive series CHME3 are presented. The directions of further researches for increase of efficiency of application of thermal imagers at diagnostics of a condition of systems and units of diesel locomotives are formulated.

This work considered methods of selection of power plant and energy storage of hybrid vehicle. An analysis has been performed and its shortcomings are indicated. A generalized scheme to define optimal technical and economic indexes of hybrid vehicle is drawn up and adapted for shunting locomotive. A model was created on its base with appropriate restrictions, which takes into account the shortcomings of existing models.Parameters of different types of hybrid locomotives based on diesel locomotives series ChME3 were defined, depending on type of operation. Comparative traction characteristics of shunting locomotive series ChMe3 and diesel locomotive with hybrid transmission on the its base were built. Relevant calculations were fulfilled using these characteristics.Â

There are about 20 major factors influencing wear of railway system of a wheel, but the most critical include service and lubricant of rails. On the basis of locomotive depot Rodakovo the analysis of regularity of wear of a surface of wheels of the locomotive during the long period of time has been made and the method of correction of wheels has been offered and calculations which have shown that during operation of wheel couples there can be several corrections of a profile of a wheel before full grinding that leads to increase in life cycle of a wheel have been carried out. Also the approximate method for assessment of efficiency of introduction of methods of maintenance and repair of a wheel which includes the cost of life cycle of a wheel of the locomotive which will be developed further has been offered, estimating at the same time several methods, comparing their efficiency and choosing the most preferable options in the set parameters.

In designing a traction vehicle it is necessary to take into account the type of field operation it is meant for. It was found out that during shunting operation a ChME3 diesel locomotive is in idling mode for almost half of its general running time. That is why, the introduction of a less powerful engine along with an energy storage device for shunting operations at a shunting diesel locomotive is appropriate. The calculations were made using a modernized shunting diesel locomotive ChME3 with hybrid transmission of power as an example. The dependences of the general running time of a diesel locomotive on the position of the engine driver controller under performing shunting, transportation and hump operation were given in percentages. For every operation mode there was calculated the optimum power of a diesel-generator plant and the optimum energy capacity of an energy storage system taking into account the above-mentioned dependences. It was found out that due to the introduction of a hybrid drive for the section discussed above and the corresponding mass of a train the aggregate fuel consumption will be reduced by 25% and the efficiency of travel will increase by one third.