Zusammenfassung Durch Übertragung von Haemolymphe aus infektiösen Rübenblattwanzen in nicht infektiöse gelang es, letztere in mehreren Fällen infektionstüchtig zu machen, so daß sie gesunde Ruben mit dem Rübenkräuselvirus infizieren konnten. Rübenwanzen, die im Larvenstadium injiziert wurden, gaben das Virus erst im Imaginalstadium ab. Die Übertragung von Haemolymphe aus Larven in Imagines ergab weitaus die höchste Infektionsrate.

From a total group of 640 children with grand mal seizures, 187 who became seizure-free for three consecutive years on monotherapy which was then discontinued have been followed for between one and 14 years. Relapse occurred in 22 children (12 per cent) and was related to age at presentation: only four of 89 children with primary grand mal seizures who had presented after the age of three years relapsed, compared with 12 of 45 who had presented before their third birthday. Children who had had more seizures were at greater risk of relapse. EEGs were not useful in predicting prognosis, whether taken at presentation or before withdrawal of treatment.

Child Abuse ReviewVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 81-81 Letter to the Editors The Human Rights Act and child law P. Ehrhardt, P. Ehrhardt Child Health Directorate, Burnley Health Care NHS TrustSearch for more papers by this author P. Ehrhardt, P. Ehrhardt Child Health Directorate, Burnley Health Care NHS TrustSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1002/car.682Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume10, Issue2March/April 2001Pages 81-81 RelatedInformation

Practical Diabetes InternationalVolume 10, Issue 6 p. 244-244 Letter to the EditorFree Access Use of glucagon by paramedics in Lancashire Dr. P Ehrhardt MRCP, Dr. P Ehrhardt MRCP Consultant Paediatrician Burnley General HospitalSearch for more papers by this author Dr. P Ehrhardt MRCP, Dr. P Ehrhardt MRCP Consultant Paediatrician Burnley General HospitalSearch for more papers by this author First published: November/December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1960100619AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue6November/December 1993Pages 244-244 RelatedInformation

Forty eight children (29 boys) had surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta during the first month of life; all had patent ductus arteriosus. The 33 survivors were reviewed at a mean age of 6.6 years. Of the 19 children with no associated anomaly, none had died. The more complex the associated anomalies, the greater the mortality. Two (6%) of the survivors, both with associated anomalies, have some residual disability; one is incapable of leading an independent life. No survivor has systemic hypertension. Six (18%) of the survivors have required correction of recurrent coarctation, and one is awaiting repair. Newborn babies suspected of having coarctation should be assessed for surgical correction without delay, and medical treatment (including, if necessary, infusion of prostaglandin E2 in a dose of 0.025 micrograms/kg/minute) should be instituted in the interim. Long term follow up is important to detect systemic hypertension or recurrence of the coarctation. This occurred in seven (21%) of our survivors.

Windebank et al reported a case of hydrops fetalis due to abnormal lymphatics.t The baby, a girl, died at the age of 66 days. We are not aware of any other reports of this condition. Her parents have now had a second female child, with features similar to the first, born 16 months later. This baby died age 1 hour. We write to report her clinical history. The parents are members of a travelling family. The mother's previous obstetric history was one pregnancy lasting 42 weeks and delivering a well male infant, weighing 3500 g, a miscarriage at 12 weeks, and the girl reported by Windebank et al. In the current pregnancy she first attended the antenatal clinic at 18 weeks, and serial ultrasound scans from 20 weeks showed fetal ascites and massive and increasing oedema. She went into spontaneous labour at 32 weeks. The membrane rupture delivery interval was 2 hours and 45 minutes, and she was delivered vaginally of a hydropic female infant whose weight was 3010 g, length 41 cm. As with the previous pregnancy the placenta was retained, requiring manual removal under general anaesthetic. It weighed 725 g and was pale and oedematous. The baby's heart rate was 60/minute, but respirations were absent. She was intubated and ventilated. Intensive treatment, including external cardiac massage, failed to improve her condition, and she died at age 1 hour. Blood was obtained from an umbilical venous line. The baby's blood group was A positive, as was her mother's, haemoglobin concentration was 114 g/l and packed cell volume 42-0%; concentration of serum albumin was 18 g/l, serum sodium 130 mmol/l, serum urea 2-3 mmol/l, and serum calcium 2-31 mmol/l. Postmortem examination showed massive ascites and large serous effusions in both pleural cavities with anatomically normal, but hypoplastic, lungs. Apart from oedema the urinary system appeared normal, as did the heart, the great vessels, the liver, and the spleen. Probably this baby had the same condition as her sister. It is of note that with each baby there was a retained placenta. This baby appears to have been the more severely affected. Windebank et al, thought the parents not related.' Questioning of the family at the time of the birth of this child, however, established that the baby's paternal grandmother and maternal grandfather are first cousins. This was probably overlooked by Windebank et al, and this cause of hydrops fetalis may represent a previously unreported autosomal recessive condition. Perhaps it should be looked for in travelling families.

The outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants < 1500 g including those weighing < 1000 g has greatly improved in the last decade.As Caesarean section becomes a safer and more acceptable method of childbirth, it is increasingly performed at earlier stages of gestation.Evidence that Caesarean delivery is effective in reducing intrapartum complications is hard to obtain.We have therefore reviewed our experience in the survival of VLBW infants over a 3 ye3r period.161 infants weighing less than 1500 g were delivered at the obstetric unit and cared for at the Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Leeds between January 1983 and; December 1985.The hospital survival rate was 63% in 49 infants who weighed 1001-1500 g and 84% in 112 who weighed 1001-1500 g.The survival rate after Caesarean birth was higher than that after vaginal delivtry in the 1001-1500 g group.It is too early to say whether there is a significant difference in the outcome between Caesarean and vaginal births as this requires follow up of these infants at 1 year, 2 years and 5 years.

Iron state was measured as part of the comprehensive assessment of 165 patients with cystic fibrosis. Of 127 patients, 41 (32%) had low serum ferritin concentrations and at least this proportion were iron deficiency. Iron state did not correlate with clinical score, radiological score, or results of sputum culture. There was no evidence that patients with iron deficiency were either in better or worse clinical condition than those with better iron stores.

Haematological parameters and iron state were studied in children admitted to hospital consecutively during a six month period. A total of 147 of 598 children (24.6%) were anaemic, with haemoglobin values below the third centile of the reference range, and 131 of 400 children (32.8%) were iron deficient, with serum ferritin concentrations less than 10 micrograms/l. Both findings were more common in children from the Asian ethnic minority. The "routine" full blood count is a useful tool for the presumptive identification of iron deficiency in childhood. Iron deficiency is deleterious to the health of young children. In view of its extent and degree--not exclusively among the Asian ethnic minority--a community based preventive programme on the lines of the Stop Rickets Campaign is recommended.

Summary Up to now the aphid,Neomyzus circumflexus Bckt., has been reared on a synthetic, sterile diet for 11 successive generations. The culture is still going. The defined diet contains no sterol or any other lipid. Nevertheless the sterol content of the artificially fed aphids remains constant over 8 generations. Ingestion of sodium acetate-1-C14 with the diet by the aphids leads to the appearance of a labelled sterol in the tissues of the insects. Incorporation of radioactivity into sterols was not found in aphids free of symbionts.

Up to now the aphid,Neomyzus circumflexus Bckt., has been reared on a synthetic, sterile diet for 11 successive generations. The culture is still going. The defined diet contains no sterol or any other lipid. Nevertheless the sterol content of the artificially fed aphids remains constant over 8 generations. Ingestion of sodium acetate-1-C14 with the diet by the aphids leads to the appearance of a labelled sterol in the tissues of the insects. Incorporation of radioactivity into sterols was not found in aphids free of symbionts.

SUMMARYThe antibiotic terramycin at 0.2% concentration was consistently effective in greatly reducing the populations of Aphis fabae on Vicia faba when sprayed on larvae on and off the plant. The insects were not killed, but their fertility was decreased by over 97% in the first generation, leading to total sterility in the second generation. At 0.01% concentration, terramycin was not effective and only moderately so at 0.1%Larval development was invariably delayed by 1 day and the weight and size of the resulting adults were significantly reduced. After the most effective treatments, the adults were very inactive in their feeding and excretion, and sometimes became completely sterile. Even when the aphids reproduced, they ceased to do so after 6–10 days in different terramycin treatments and frequently the larvae were born dead. The affected insects could not, apparently, regain their reproductive capacity even after their transfer to untreated plants.When the insects were sprayed on the plants, terramycin in water was as effective as with surfactants: but when the insects were sprayed off the plants an oxyethyl phenol derivative (NP 10) greatly increased the efficiency of terramycin: surfactants alone had no effect on the insects.The other four antibiotics, namely tetracycline, aureomycin, chloramphenicol and reverin were not effective at the 0.2% concentration when the plants alone were sprayed before introducing the apids. The addition of glycerin to the antibiotics and keeping plants in a high humidity for 24 hr. after the treatment also had no effect.