La sarcosporidiose est une protozoose musculaire due a Sarcocystis sp qui affecte les mammiferes herbivores et omnivores parmi lesquels l'homme. Les muscles des animaux d'elevage sont parfois le siege de lesions de kystes de sarcosporidies qui sont susceptibles de les rendre impropres a la consommation humaine. Leur identification requiert l'utilisation de techniques histologique, biochimique et moleculaire qui ne sont pas couramment utilisees dans la pratique quotidienne du controle des viandes aux abattoirs. Le but de cette etude est de determiner la prevalence de la sarcosporidiose chez les porcs abattus aux abattoirs de Dakar et de faire une identification moleculaire des especes en cause. Ainsi, des echantillons musculaires (masseter, diaphragme, myocarde, œsophage, cuisse) preleves sur 300 carcasses de porcs. Ces prelevements ont ete traites par les techniques histologiques en paraffine puis colores a l'Hemalun-Eosine (HE) et par la technique de digestion enzymatique. La microscopie (X40) a permis de rechercher des kystes de sarcosporidies. La PCR classique a ete realisee sur des echantillons positifs de myocarde grâce a l'utilisation d'amorces pour la caracterisation moleculaire des especes de Sarcocystis . A l'histologie et a la digestion enzymatique 91,3 p100 chez les porcs. Tous les muscles sont infestes. Grâce a la morphometrie et a la biologie moleculaire l’espece non zoonosique Sarcocystis miescheriana a ete identifies. Il n’est neanmoins pas exclu que l’espece zoonosique S. suihominis soit en circulation dans la sous-region car le mode d'elevage de type extensif en Afrique facilite le contact entre les matieres fecales infectantes des carnivores et omnivores (homme) et les porcs, entretenant cette protozoose. L'utilisation des techniques enzymatiques et histologiques peuvent etre envisages pour l'amelioration du controle des viandes aux abattoirs.

Animal welfare is a very complex concept to define, but it is important for the quality of livestock products. To assess the perception of this concept, a study was conducted with stu­dents from the University of Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) in Dakar between January 16 and May 2, 2012. The student population was 84,396 at time of study. In total 168 students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that only 57% of them had heard of animal welfare at least once and 60.4% among them via media. Students’ knowledge on animal welfare varied between schools: stu­dents of the School of Sciences and Technology of Education and Training (FASTEF) were the most informed. Moreover, 73.2% believed that animals are sentient and 93% that there is a relationship between animal welfare and productivity. It is essential to make students aware of this concept and to do so via media, because media are the channels of information the most used by UCAD students.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the frequency of risk behaviors in the zoonotic transmission of bovine brucellosis in suburban Dakar. The individual serological status of 300 cattle distributed in thirty farms in this area was determined by the rose Bengal and complement fixation tests. The frequency of risk behaviors toward this zoonosis was determined using two epidemiological surveys that inventoried the known risk factors of brucellosis transmission between animals and humans. Taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of rose Bengal and complement fixation tests used in series, i.e. 85% and 98.75 %, respectively, the true prevalence was estimated to be 36.36%. At least one animal was infected in 96.6% of the herds. Positivity to the complement fixation test was significantly associated with age, breed, abortion and the presence of bursitis in cattle. The risk behaviors the most frequently observed in humans in this area were: assisting during calving and abortion, handling of aborted fetuses without gloves, and consuming unpasteurized raw or curd milk and fresh cheese. These results show that brucellosis is present in dairy cattle farms in suburban Dakar. Since the milk produced in these farms is used to supply the city of Dakar, measures must be developed to promote brucellosis prevention methods aimed at Dakar’s population.

L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer la prévalence et la fréquence des comportements à risque de transmission zoonotique de la brucellose bovine dans la zone périurbaine de Dakar. Le statut sérologique individuel de 300 bovins répartis dans 30 élevages de cette zone a été déterminé par les tests au rose Bengale et de fixation du complément. La fréquence des comportements à risque envers cette zoonose a été déterminée à travers deux questionnaires épidémiologiques qui ont permis de faire le recensement de facteurs connus de risque de transmission de la brucellose entre animaux et humains. En considérant la sensibilité et la spécificité des tests au rose Bengale et de fixation du complément utilisés en série, respectivement de 85 et 98,75 p. 100, la prévalence réelle a été évaluée à 36,36 p. 100. Au moins un animal a été infecté dans 96,6 p. 100 des troupeaux. La positivité au test de fixation du complément a été significativement associée à l’âge, la race, l’avortement et la présence d’hygromas chez les bovins. Les comportements à risque les plus fréquemment observés chez les humains dans cette zone ont été l’assistance aux mises bas et aux avortements, la manipulation de l’avorton sans gant, la consommation de lait cru ou de lait caillé non pasteurisés, et de fromage frais. Ces résultats montrent que la brucellose existe dans les élevages bovins laitiers en périphérie de Dakar. Etant donné que le lait produit par ces élevages sert à ravitailler la ville de Dakar, des mesures adéquates doivent être prises afin d’orienter les moyens de prévention contre la brucellose chez les habitants.

The traditional poultry industry covers more than 70-80% of the poultry production in West Africa countries. Surveys conducted in 2010-2011 on the market and producers present in the surrounding rural weekly markets have allowed to characterize the actors in the sector, to identify their activities estimate the average number of incoming and outgoing poultry in these markets, and to assess biosafety level in these markets in both West African countries including Senegal and Togo. The survey of the poultry sector in rural communities can be described as a more or less complex circuit, where the major actors in the sector are: i) producers who are farmers living in villages or rural communities; (ii) the primary and secondary collectors who buy poultry and sell them in rural markets (weekly) or collection markets (daily); and iii) wholesalers who gather poultry from the collectors for delivery them to larger markets particularly in urban markets and/or outside the country. Trade flows of live poultry between actors vary according to countries. Cleaning in the farms appeared moderately frequent (3-4 per week) with the use of disinfectants in 15-25% of cases, biosafety in weekly markets, acceptable (control at the arrival and weekly cage cleaning) and the mortality rate (30-40% among adults and 60-70% in chicks) remains high. In our study, the return of unsold chickens in the farms could be a practical risk of propagation and maintenance of infectious disease in this sector. Keywords : Traditional poultry, Chain actors, Marketing chain, Biosecurity.

In view of gathering baseline information about the prevalence of animal trypanosomosis, the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) funded a cross sectional survey in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun which constitutes the Northern limit of the tsetse distribution in Burkina. This cross sectional study was carried out in 53 villages located in the six provinces of the region. A total of 2002 cattle, 1466 small ruminants and 481 donkeys were sampled. This survey showed that about 25% of the cattle had been treated with trypanocidal drugs within 3 months before the survey compared to 3% and 0.42% for the small ruminants and donkeys, respectively. Parasitological prevalence in cattle was low: 0.77% (95% C.I. 0.30–1.95%). No goats and three donkeys were found infected with trypanosomes. Infections were mainly due to Trypanosoma vivax (75.0%) with cases of Trypanosoma congolense (25.0%). In cattle, the serological prevalence of trypanosomosis, for the entire region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, was 34.2% (95% C.I. 26.1–43.4%). For sheep, goats and donkeys, the prevalence were of 20.9% (95% C.I. 12.2–33.5%), 8.5% (95% C.I. 5.7–12.5%) and 5.8% (95% C.I. 3.9–8.6%), respectively. The age and distance to the river were the two main risk factors associated with seropositivity.

The prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were investigated in seven lions (Panthera leo) from Hann's zoo of Dakar-Senegal. Seven sera samples were examined for antibodies against Neospora caninum (Neospora caninum antibodies test kit, cELISA) and Toxoplasma gondii (ID Screen(R) Toxoplasmosis Indirect ELISA). All sera were positives to Neospora caninum antibodies whereas 3 for 7 (42.86%) were positives to Toxoplasma gondii. Serological results indicate a common exposure to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii among lions (Panthera leo) from zoo in Senegal.

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs and evaluate the risk of infection of dogs and women in antenatal consultation in the city of Saint Louis (Senegal). Investigators recorded information via interview of owners of 100 dogs and 136 women in antenatal consultation in the town of Saint Louis. They related to the age, the sex, the lifestyle and the medical condition of the dogs. The level of education, contact with carnivores and the dietary habits were taken into account to assess the risk of human infection. A blood sample was taken from each animal for the search for anti Neospora caninum (LSIVET Blocking competitive ELISA multi-species) and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the modified direct agglutination method (BioMerieux©Toxo-ScreenDA). The seroprevalence recorded in the population of dogs was 48±9.7% (neosporosis) and 68±9.1% (toxoplasmosis). The co-infection rate of the dogs was 36±9.4%. No studied variables were associated with the prevalence of the neosporosis. On the other hand, bitches were 2.5 times more infected with Toxoplasma gondii (95%CI=1.1-7.7; p<0.05) and the absence of deworming of the animals increased by 2.5 times the risk of contamination (95%CI=0.9-6.7; p<0.05). The investigation conducted on women showed that 87.5% of them had an age ranging between 15-36 years, 60.3% did not have access to education and 17.6% presented unexplained miscarriages. Risk factors of infection that were investigated, in particular contact of the women of Saint Louis with the carnivores (57.4% and 63.2% with dogs and cats respectively), well/borehole water consumption by 13.3% of the women, the dietary habits including the consumption of raw vegetables, insufficiently cooked meats, grills and raw milk by 80.2%, 24.3%, 64.7% and 53.7% of the women respectively show a real exposure of the human population to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Moreover, the insalubrity of the city and insufficient family hygiene could be additional risk factors of human infection.