BACKGROUND // It is important to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incremental innovation and its protection through industrial property rights, in order to acquiring valuable insights to develop effective public policies and corporate strategies. The objective was to analyze incremental innovations in response to the pandemic that have been protected by industrial property rights, and to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive or negative effect on incremental innovation, promoting or inhibiting it. METHODS // Utility models in the health patent class have been used as indicators (01.01.20 to 31.12.21), since the information they provide and their characteristics (requirements of applications and publication) allowed us to obtain preliminary conclusions in the short term. Their frequency of application during the pandemic months was analyzed and compared with an equivalent period immediately before (01.01.18 to 31.12.19). RESULTS // The analysis showed that there had been greater activity in healthcare innovation by all agents (individuals, companies and the public sector). In the pandemic period of 2020-2021, 754 utility models were requested, representing a nearly 40% increase compared to the equivalent period of 2018-2019, of which 284 were identified as pandemic-related innovations, with 59.7% of rights holders being individuals, 36.4% being companies, and only 3.9% being public entities. CONCLUSIONS // In general, incremental innovations require less investment and shorter technology maturation times, which had made it possible to respond, in some cases successfully, to situations of initial shortages of many medical devices, such as ventilators and protective equipment.

In the field of human morphology, despite its growing interest in translational anatomy research, its contributions are often unknown. Scientific articles and patents are highly reliable sources of knowledge for measuring scientific progress and technology transfer. The aim of this article is a bibliometric study of the potential of anatomical translational research. Our methodological framework has consisted of a combination of the analysis of two variables: 1) academic papers, and 2) patents of anatomical scientific achievements. The established time range has been 2000-2020 and the database used The Lens (https://www.lens.org), establishing "anatomical science" as the keyword. In the systematic analysis, 11,547 scientific documents and 1,511 patent registrations have been carried out; inclusion criteria were applied to both groups to identify their quantitative and qualitative trends. Our results identified that scientific articles on translational anatomical achievements have an exponential growth rate similar to the growth of patent applications for translational anatomical sciences. The maximum number of contributions of journal articles and patents corresponds to the temporal range of 2010 and 2020, with 2020 being the most productive year; academic documents represented 54.90% and patents produced represented 45.08%, which are significant data if they are compared with the year 2000, when the respective percentages were 76.40% and 23.50%, an indicator of a clear increase in the culture of patentability and the growing interest in translational anatomical research. The records of granted patents were 747 and 487 patent applications, which are significant data for the growth of the culture of patentability as well as the quality of the patents, since those granted represent 60.40%. These results identify the strong growth of anatomical science and its interest in the transfer of scientific achievements.

The incidence of the problem of labour in contemporary philosophical and political reflections is persistent and ambiguous. The rise of neoliberal forms of social government was linked to a radical reconsideration of the nature of work and its mode of organization, and included the revaluation of the role of autonomy and subjectivity in labour activity. This article focuses on the processes of individualization and subjectification of work to study some of its political effects and to point out its relevance in the present scenario of the crisis of legitimization of neoliberal regimes. Work proves to be a determinant sphere for the understanding of the politics of the body, the fragmentation of social action and the contemporary patterns of production of subjectivity.

La presencia del problema del trabajo en las reflexiones filosóficas y políticas contemporáneas es persistente y ambigua. El ascenso de las formas neoliberales de gobierno social se vinculó con una profunda reconsideración de la naturaleza del trabajo y su modo de organización, e incluyó la revalorización de la autonomía y la subjetividad en la actividad laboral. El presente artículo se centra en los procesos de individualización y subjetivación del trabajo para estudiar algunos de sus efectos políticos y mostrar su relevancia en el presente escenario de crisis de legitimación de los órdenes neoliberales. El trabajo se muestra como un ámbito determinante para la comprensión de las políticas del cuerpo, la fragmentación de la acción social y los patrones contemporáneos de producción de subjetividad.

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) seeks to align the research results with the needs of society to respond to current and future problems, also encompassing financial instruments, innovative public policies, and the distribution of resources. These policies should prioritize research in those areas with the greatest impact on society, and particularly in health research, this impact should be focused on responding to clinical problems of the population rather than economic impact. A methodology is proposed that uses information from open sources to identify discrepancies between the results of the most translational research of a region and its health needs, in order to provide useful information for the formulation of innovation policies.

In the area of biomedicine, there have been numerous scientific achievements that have resulted in a growing proliferation of therapeutic innovations, designed to improve life. The effectiveness of the transfer of scientific achievements is playing a vital role in health systems innovation. The expectations of quality of life due to the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies have grown significantly. In this work, a review of trends and quantitative indicators has also been carried out by searching the databases of documents produced and published on scientific achievement in life sciences, analyzing the percentage of annual growth during the period 2010- 2021, showing that the increase in theoretical research and scientific innovation in health has increased exponentially and the interest of the scientific community in this area is clear, as evidenced by the predominance of the number of research articles. The number of articles of research has been 10,353 and 2,636 review articles. It is important to highlight that the percentage of document growth per year is very significant: in 2020 it was 14.28% while in 2010 it was 4.9%. We analyze the conceptual framework of Innovation in biomedicine, which is based on scientific and technical advances and the panorama of intellectual property. This analysis allows life sciences researchers to expand the concept of innovation in this area, being useful for formulating health research policies capable of translating their scientific achievements, where possible, into health innovations and truly valuable for future advances in health.

espanolEuropa impulsa la especializacion inteligente con la finalidad de disminuir la brecha de las distintas regiones en investigacion e innovacion favoreciendo, a traves de estas, la diferenciacion y transformacion economica. Para ello, las inversiones deben centrarse en un pequeno numero de prioridades segun las caracteristicas de cada region, para maximizar la eficiencia y el impacto del gasto. Se han empleado varias metodologias para llevar a cabo esta priorizacion. En este trabajo se proponen dos tipos de analisis, mediante patentes y empresas de los mismos sectores, que proporcionan informacion relevante, y que se pueden incorporar en las distintas metodologias de priorizacion. Se ejemplifica para los sectores farmaceutico, biotecnologico y de tecnologia medica. EnglishEurope promotes smart specialization in order to reduce the gap between the different regions in research and innovation, promoting, through these, economic differentiation and transformation. To do this, investments should focus on a small number of priorities according to the characteristics of each region, to maximize efficiency and the impact of spending. Various methodologies have been used to carry out this prioritization. In this work, two types of analysis are proposed, through patents and companies in the same sectors, which provide relevant information, and which can be incorporated into the different prioritization methodologies. It is exemplified for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical technology sectors.

El proyecto se ocupa de conceptos generalmente eludidos por la tradicion teorica (contando como nucleos aglutinantes los de la precariedad laboral, exclusion social y diversidad funcional o discapacidad), cuyo analisis propicia nuevas practicas en la ensenanza universitaria de filosofia, adoptando como meta principal el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiantado, el diseno de nuevas herramientas de ensenanza y el fomento de una universidad inclusiva. El plan de trabajo implica a profesores de la UCM, de otras 12 Universidades y centros de investigacion nacionales (UAM, UCA, UA, UAH, UC3M, UCJC, Deusto, UGR, ULL, UZAR, UNED y IFS-CSIC) y una universidad extranjera (de Argentina), asi como a estudiantes de Grado, Master y Doctorado de la UCM, a personal de administracion y servicios de la UCM y profesores de IES de la Comunidad de Madrid. La intencion principal es enriquecer la formacion de los estudiantes con nuevas metodologias y tematicas docentes, que incentiven el estudio por parte del estudiante de cuestiones generalmente relegadas en la ensenanza regular y dotadas de una innegable vocacion interdisciplinar, especialmente conectada con las ciencias sociales y las humanidades medicas. Los estudiantes y profesores miembros el proyecto colaboraran con el personal de la biblioteca en la organizacion de una exposicion en la que se desplieguen los materiales resultantes del proyecto, que cuenta ademas con dos expresiones de interes de las prestigiosas editoriales Akal y Herder. El equipo se articulara en grupos. El primero se centrara en el desarrollo de una historia de la percepcion de la precariedad laboral y vital, materializada en una historia del juicio acerca de las figuras del pobre y del paria, mientras que el segundo se ocupara de diagnosticar las razones por las que la construccion de conceptos en filosofia ha legitimado historicamente la exclusion social —basada en el genero, la etnia, el estatus o la religion— al tiempo que ha desatendido la reflexion sobre las raices de esta tendencia. El tercero analizara la evolucion de la nocion etica y social de discapacidad hasta su reformulacion como diversidad funcional. El programa de trabajo tendra como principal destinatario al alumnado de Grado, Master y Doctorado de la UCM, al que se ofrecera la posibilidad de conocer de primera mano la investigacion de especialistas en la tematica del proyecto en las sesiones de trabajo del equipo. El personal de administracion y servicios coordinara la difusion y transferencia de los resultados del proyecto, dirigidos principalmente a la comunidad universitaria UCM, a los estudiantes Erasmus que reciba en el curso 2018/19 la Facultad de Filosofia de la UCM y al publico interesado que pueda acudir a las actividades organizadas.

Introduction: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent a new therapeutic strategy in biomedicine with many potential applications, especially in musculoskeletal disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies based on the administration of ASCs support their efficacy in bone regeneration, joint repair, tendon injury and skeletal muscle alterations. Many of these novel treatments may improve patients' quality of life and prognosis. However, several concerns about the use of stem cells remain unsolved, particularly regarding their safety and side effects. The present work aims to review the nature, clinical trials and patents involving the use of ASCs in musculoskeletal disorders.Area covered: In this article, we describe ASCs' isolation, culture and differentiation in vivo and in vitro, advances on ASCs' applications in bone, cartilage, muscle and tendon repair, and patents involving the use of ASCs.Expert opinion: The use of ASCs in musculoskeletal disorders presents significant therapeutic advantages, including limited autoimmune response, potential cell expansion ex vivo, high plasticity to differentiate into several mesodermal cell lineages, and additional effects of therapeutic interest such as secretion of neurotrophic factors and anti-inflammatory properties. For these reasons, ASCs are promising therapeutic agents for clinical applications in musculoskeletal disorders.

We developed a multivariate linear regression model to analyze factors associated with Grant for PCT national phase entries patent, in order to identify patentability success indicators. Information was gathered from the Eurostat and World Intellectual Property Indicators databases (period 2004-2014). Thre regression model were constructed using as response variable: Grant for PCT national phase entries patent in the national phase and considering 11 variables related to R&D funding and research personnel as predictor variables. Multivariate linear regression models were estimated using the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The most influential predictive variables were: Total R&D personnel and researchers by performance sectors, sex and fields of science. The regression coefficient was 0.001 with (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mathematical model shows that the most effective predictors of patentability are qualified R&D personnel.

La filosofia del siglo XX apenas puede entenderse sin lo que tiene de constatacion de una grave crisis. Transformaciones historicas de largo alcance como la redefinicion del Estado burocratico, la irrupcion de la cultura de masas o el despliegue de la tecnica industrial modificaron sustantivamente la experiencia que los hombres tenian de si mismos y del mundo. La ambivalencia de esos cambios en lo que tienen, por un lado, de hitos de progreso racional, y, por otro, de verdaderas amenazas para el bienestar de los hombres, obliga a que el pensamiento filosofico reconsidere lo que pueda quedar del hombre como sujeto de la razon moderna. La centralidad de la humanidad como sujeto de una historia pretendidamente racional, ?ha quedado definitivamente atras y apenas resta mas que recordarla como una vana ilusion? ?Es de todo punto inevitable que antes o despues los logros de la humanidad se conviertan en procesos ciegos que podrian llegar a destruirla? Este libro trata de responder a estas preguntas, y a las que surgen de su hilo conductor, de la mano de la filosofia del siglo XX. Autores de la talla de Jose Luis Pardo, Santiago Alba Rico, Cesar Rendueles, Pablo Lopez o Eduardo Maura, entre otros, agitan los terminos de un debate que nos concierne a todos.

DNA methylation patterns may be used as innovative biomarkers for some pathologies including cancer. They show a great accessibility due to their stability and presence in body fluids. In addition, these epigenetic modifications may be used as prognosis markers or therapeutic targets. Concretely, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the world in both men and women, a continuous genetic and epigenetic alteration occurs during neoplastic transformation in colonic epithelial cells. This accumulation of alterations leads to the transformation of normal colonic epithelial cells to adenocarcinomas, and these genetic alterations are promoted by aberrant methylation of promoter regions and subsequent gene silencing. Many of these genes have been reported to be methylated in the tissue, plasma and stool of CRC patients, suggesting that they may have great potential to be used as biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. The aim of this study is to review changes in the methylation pattern of the genes that can be used as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CRC.

Curcumin, the main active compound of the curcuma root, shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties which have been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical trials. Its antitumor activity is mediated by its ability to act directly on the tumor cell, activating apoptosis pathways and indirectly inhibiting the process of inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, it has a preventive activity such as radio and/or chemosensitizer. These effects have been evident in in vitro assays but have also been corroborated in patient trials either through the isolated use of curcumin or through its association with other agents. Moreover, curcumin has demonstrated a low induction of side effects. Numerous patents have been developed in connection with the administration and use of curcumin against different types of cancer. All this justifies the interest for the development of new laboratory studies and especially of clinical trials to validate this compound as a dietary supplement in both the healthy and the oncological population. The present review aims to address the most recent in vitro investigations and the latest clinical trials and patents related to the curcumin agent to provide an up-to-date overview of the latest advances in relation to its antitumor effect.

We developed a multivariate linear regression model to analyze patent applications in European countries in order to identify patentability success indicators. Information was gathered from the Eurostat and World Intellectual Property Indicators databases (period 2000-2010). Three regression models were constructed using as response variables: the total number of applications for PCT patents in the national phase (M1), patent applications to EPO per year at national level (M2), and patent applications to EPO per year and economic activity (M3), and considering 10 variables related to RD the total R&D research personnel by sector, qualification, and sex as well as the business R&D expenditure by economic activity in both the M2 model (coefficient of 79.2%) and M3(coefficient of 78.8%). In conclusion, the mathematical models show that the predictors with greatest effect on patentability are qualified R&D personnel and business R&D funds, and they reveal the distribution of European countries as a function of these variables.

The gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract, has been the subject of great interest in recent years in terms of prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. Its etiology is linked to the mutation of c-KIT and PDGFRA genes, although between 5 and 15% show no signs of such mutations. It is still diagnosed using immunohistochemical staining. The first line of treatment continues to be surgery, although advances in the molecular biology of GISTs are facilitating the development of new treatment strategies. Those that act by regulating tyrosine kinase activity are of particular interest. Drugs such as imatinib and sunitinib have improved the prognosis of these patients, although the development of resistance constitutes one of the main limitations of the treatment. The aim of this review is to present an up-to-date overview of the main etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these tumours.

Introduction: Recently, we have reported the antitumor properties of a new family of synthetic merosesquiterpenes, among which meroxest is highlighted, since it has high activity and specificity for ER + breast cancer cells.In this paper, we characterize allografts of ER + E0771 mouse breast tumor cells in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, and also analyze the effect of meroxest on the prognosis of the disease.Material and methods: Twenty female C57BL/6 mice were injected with 10 6 E0771 cells.Once the tumors reached the appropriate size, the mice were divided into two groups, one control and another treated orally with 15 mg/ kg of meroxest.After 20 days, tumor samples were taken for histopathological study and for determination of the expression of the prognostic markers Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunofluorescence.Results: In sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, we observed that tumors have a well-defined capsule enclosing E0771 tumor cells.The central area of tumors contains necrotic regions with leukocyte infiltration.Meroxest treatment significantly reduces tumor size (68%, p < 0.05), induces changes in its structure, decreases the degree of leukocyte infiltration, and significantly reduces the expression of Ki67 (33%, p < 0.05) and VEGF (82%, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Meroxest improves the prognosis of mice since it reduces leukocyte infiltration, and decreases the expression of Ki67 and VEGF markers.Consequently, the merosesquiterpene could become a useful antiangiogenic drug in the treatment of breast cancer.These results encourage us to deepen the study of meroxest, in order to find more evidence that supports the convenience of its evaluation in a clinical study or trial.

Nanomaterials for cancer therapy , Nanomaterials for cancer therapy , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز