Purpose: Free-roaming cats represent a potential reservoir of infectious diseases. The most common co-infections of free-roaming cats include mixed viral, bacterial, fungal, yeast and parasitic infections. This study focuses on the occurrence of Chlamydia spp. feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and their co-infections. The diseases accompanied by immune suppression, such as FIV, create favourable conditions for the onset of other diseases and co-infections. The result of co-infection may be a higher susceptibility for other pathogens, as well as the occurrence of more severe clinical symptoms. Patients and Methods: The study involved 168 (113 female and 55 male) free-roaming adult cats during the years 2021-2022. All cats belonged to Slovak citizens with permanent residence in the Slovak Republic. Blood samples and swabs (Invasive EUROTUBO (R) (R) Collection sterile swab, Deltalab O8191 Rub & iacute;, Spain) from the conjunctival sac were taken from 168 cats to be later tested by PCR and ELISA methods. Statistical analysis was also performed. Results: The overall prevalence of Chlamydia spp. was 17.26%, of FIV 15.48%, and 5.95% of FeLV. The most significant finding in our study was 3.57% co-infection of FIV and Chlamydia spp. in tested cats. Conclusion: The observed prevalence of Chlamydia spp. FIV and FeLV indicates that the presence of these pathogens in populations of free-roaming cats is endemic.

In the presented work, we compared the results of determination of rabies antibodies using three in vitro methods: rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (FAVNT) and the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). 196 dog sera samples were examined with FAVNT, RFFIT methods and the ELISA test. Sera with low and sufficiently high titre of antibodies had a similar result in determining by all methods. A critical level of rabies antibodies close to the required protection level (0.5 IU/cm3) was seen in sera of 18 dogs (9.18%); these were the sera obtained after primary vaccination of dogs. At this level, even small differences can cause a change in the assessment of the patient's serum seronegativity or seropositivity. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate method that has sufficiently strict criteria while having a good reproducibility.

The study deals with the preparation of stable emulsions of squalene, which are suitable for production of adjuvant inactivated vaccine. We followed the stability of emulsions prepared at a concentration of squalene 2.5 % (w/v) as well as some of their physical properties. The ideal storage conditions of squalene emulsions were determined by observing the impact of packaging materials on the stability. Higher stability of the emulsions stored in polyethylene compared with those stored in glass contai¬ners was observed.

The article present a new emerging disease threatening bat populations in the temperate zone of North America and Europe. The disease, also called as White-Nose Syndrome or geomycosis is caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. The first case of geomycosis in bats was reported between 2006 and 2007 in USA (Albany). Later, affected bats were reported also from Canada and from many European countries including Hungary. Until now there has been no reports of mortality in Europe, however, the latest histopathological examinations revealed pathological changes in affected European bats.