Individual nanorods of ZnO are promising objects for optical and chemical sensing. We fabricate prototypes of UV and bionanosensors using a 3D nano-manipulation system from the nanorods synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). For the first time, we characterize the spectral response of individual ZnO nanorod to the UV-vis light, and we show its selective sensitivity to the UV range. We show that the liquid-gated device based on ZnO nanorod can be used as a bio-sensor, for example, for detecting hypoxanthine in pork meat.

Solid-state photon emitters at room temperature appear to be promising candidates for a variety of nanophotonic applications. In this regard, coupling photon emitters with various optical cavities providing pronounced directivity, high photoexcitation and emission rates is extremely desirable. Here, we introduce the novel concept of deterministically coupling color centers in nanodiamonds (NDs) with gold nanopits. We show that in this case, emission of silicon-vacancy (SiV − ) centers at the zero-phonon line can exceed that of a ND on a gold surface by a factor of 62. The obtained results reveal an effective pumping of the SiV-centers in NDs along with the active switching of the SiV-centers from the dark to the bright state by plasmon mode that opens the way to design controllable resonance systems with diamond-based photonic emitters.

Toned milk is a lower-fat, healthier alternative to whole milk that still contains all essential nutrients. A number of methods have been developed to improve the functionality of toned milk and make it more appealing to the consumers. However, these methods often involve extensive processing techniques and can be expensive. Therefore, alternative methods are needed. Proteins are well known for their ability to form well-defined nanofibril materials that can be used as a scaffold for various applications. In this article, a straightforward self-assembly process was used to load inulin into protein nanofibrils, creating unique composite nanofibrils. Characterization using AFM and SEM revealed well-defined composite nanofibrils with an average diameter of 4-6 nm and lengths ranging from 0.25 μm up to 10 μm. FT-IR and in-vitro release assays show that inulin was successfully attached to prepared protein nanofibrils. The composite nanofibrils were tested on toned milk to enhance the physico/chemical properties and nutritional values. The findings can be applied to the food industry to create a number of novel functional food products cost-effectively.

Atomistic simulations of monocrystalline TiNi thin plates with different crystallographic orientations were performed based on the classical molecular dynamics in the framework of Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) package. It was found that the crystallographic orientation of the surface in a monocrystal plate has a significant effect on the phase transition temperature at nanoscale thickness. We have studied the surface energy dependence on temperature for surface crystallographic orientations (100), (110), (111), (112), (122). The stability of utilized model used was also investigated, which allowed us to conclude its satisfiability for these calculations.

The article is devoted to solving urgent problems of nanotechnology and physics of nanostructures aimed at developing highly sensitive bionanosensors designed to solve difficult problems of diagnosing biological agents, in particular viruses. The high sensitivity of bionanosensors of biological molecules up to attomolar levels is achieved due to the fact that field-effect nanotransistors have a sensitive element in the form of a nanowire, the transverse size of which is comparable to the size of a bionanoagent, for example, a virus. Taking into account the fact that semiconductor nanowires are an extremely technologically advanced and cheap object, the wide application of such nanosensors based on field-effect transistors is hindered by the lack of only the technology for their manufacture. We have improved the technology of mechanical nanoassembly of structures such as field-effect transistors from suspended semiconductor nanowires. The selection of materials was carried out, and the technology for manufacturing nanostructures based on semiconductor nanowires was developed.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most interesting nanotechnological materials with many unique physical and functional properties. The uniqueness of many properties is manifested both in macro-samples containing CNTs and at the nano-level, in the case of single nanotubes. One of outstanding properties of CNTs, which manifest themselves both in macro-samples and in the case of single CNTs, is cold field emission. Another interesting property of CNTs is luminescence. By themselves, single nanotubes have unique mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties, and a single CNT itself can be considered as a subminiature nanó-electromechanical system (NEMS). Also, electromechanical phenomena and luminescence can occur in CNTs under conditions of cold field emission. The paper reports on the observation of electromechanical vibrations and optical emission from single carbon nanotubes in the cold field emission mode from a single nanotube.

Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences The results of experimental studies on spin current at the interface of iridate/manganite heterostructure SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 consisted of oxide epitaxial films with nanometer thickness are presented. A pure spin current was induced by microwave irradiation in GHz frequency band under conditions of ferromagnetic resonance. The spin current was detected due to inverse spin-Hall effect measuring the spectral characteristics of charge current arising on electrically conductive SrIrO3 film with strong spin-orbit interaction. The spin-Hall angle, which characterizes the efficiency of spin current conversion to the charge current, was determined by measurements of the angular dependences of spin magnetoresistance of the iridate/manganite interface.

The present study focuses on experimental investigations of spin current across the interface of an iridate/manganite heterostructure (SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) consisting of oxide epitaxial films with nanometer thickness. Pure spin current is induced by microwave irradiation in the GHz frequency band, specifically under conditions of ferromagnetic resonance. The detection of spin current is achieved through the inverse spin-Hall effect, which measures the charge current arising on the electrically conductive SrIrO3 film with strong spin-orbit interaction. To quantify the efficiency of spin current conversion to charge current, the angular dependences of spin magnetoresistance of the iridate/manganite interface are measured, thereby determining the spin- Hall angle.

The individual ZnO nanowires are recognized recently as promising highly sensitive media for the gas and bionanosensors in configuration of properly functionalized field-effect-transistor (NWFET). The aim of the present work is to create an experimental prototype of ZnO NWFET using mechanical bottom-up 3D nanomanipulation by shape memory nanotweezers thermally controlled in the vacuum chamber of SEM.The nanotweezers were used to create NWFETs as well as FIB-CVD. The ZnO nanowire width was from 15 to 300 nm. The length of ZnO nanowires was in the range of 1 to 50 μm.

We propose and create a new nanomechanical oscillating device based on the shape memory effect of Ti 2 NiCu alloy. The device is designed for cutting and detaching micro- and nano-objects using its oscillating sharp tip. The oscillations have a frequency of up to 8 kHz and an amplitude of 1.2 μm. We performed an initial experiment to cut a ZiO nanowire using the new device. A numerical model of the device was developed to estimate the thermal activation frequency and mechanical resonant frequency based on its geometric parameters.

Biopolymer based nano-fibrils find their applications as food preservatives, food additives and nutritional enhancers in many food industries. Inulin is a polysaccharide, used as a functional food due to its health benefits including blood sugar control, maintenance of gut health, weight and appetite control, and calcium absorption. Ovalbumin is a food-based protein constituting54% of protein of egg white which provides sustenance and sticks to digestive enzymes. Ovalbumin is familiar to construct well-defined nanofibril materials which can be used as a scaffold for various applications. In this article, novel composite nanofibrils were produced by loading inulin in ovalbumin nanofibrils by a simple self-assembly method. AFM and SEM characterization showed well-defined composite nanofibrils with an average diameter of 4-6 nm and length varying from 0.25 μm up to 10 μm. FT-IR and in- vitro release assay indicate the attachment of inulin successfully into prepared ovalbumin nanofibrils. The composite nanofibrils were tested on toned milk to enhance the physico/chemical properties and nutritional values. The obtained results can be extended to food industries for the preparation of healthy sweeteners to stimulate the immune system.

Self-assembled nanofibrils encapsulation was performed in the application of nutritional enhancement of toned milk. Inulin loaded nanofibrils (self-assembled ovalbumin nanofibrils) were used for the encapsulation of toned milk. The physico-chemical parameters and nutritional value of inulin loaded ovalbumin nanofibrils were determined. The physic-chemical analysis of toned milk, such as pH, titrable acidity, anti-oxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, and in-vitro release, were calculated. The results show that sensory characteristics were not affected by encapsulation of nanofibrils on toned milk. The nutritional values of inulin loaded ovalbumin nanofibrils in toned milk was performed using conventional oven drain method (moisture), ignition method (ash), gerber method (protein), kjeldahl method (fat), pearson’s composition analysis (carbohydrates), titration method (lactose), and HPLC method (Vitamin D). The result shows that the protein content is raised and also increased with other nutritional values.

Abstract:Polymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and lowcost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibrils using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

the kinetic properties and high-speed processes during phase transformations and related effects of giant deformations in micro- and nanosamples of functional nanomaterials in alternating electric and thermal fields have been studied. Theoretically and experimentally studied the processes of controlled deformation (activation) and heat distribution at small sample sizes, in which the manifestation of such phenomena as thermoelastic martensitic phase transition and associated shape memory effect (SME) is possible. Using the focused ion beam method, samples of composite nanotweezers based on the Ti2NiCu alloy with SME were created. A computing model of the speedwork of a composite actuator has been constructed and the dependence of the maximum activation frequency on the linear dimensions of the micro-actuator has been determined. An experimental study of the speedwork of the microactuator was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The activation of the microactuator was achieved by heating by passing electric current pulses through it. The operation of the microactuator at frequencies up to 8 kHz is demonstrated. A design of the nanotweezers has been created, which for the first time makes it possible to work with thermal drift almost zero (a few tens nanometers), which is a very important aspect in the three-dimensional manipulation of the nanoobjects.

Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a polyphenol with nutraceutical health benefits used as anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory with cardio protective effects. However, _ resveratrol lacks solubility and bioavailability and is affected by UV light, which decrease its use - in food industries. It is possible to overcome these problems by loading resveratrol with appropriate - biomaterials. Beta-lactoglobulin is known to form well-defined nanofibrils with various uses. The objective of this study was to use beta-1g nano scaled fibrils to increase bioavailability of resveratrol as well as preserving freshness and preventing enzymatic browning of sliced apples. Material and Methods: Novel composite nanofibrils were prepared by loading resveratrol on Beta-lactoglobulin nanofibrils using simple self-assembly method. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, in-vitro release assay, weight loss, total acidity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity studies were carried out to verify the biochemical sustainable release and bioavailability. Results and Conclusion: Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of well-defined composite nanofibrils with an average aspect ratio of 1000; as shown in other studies. In-vitro release assay revealed that resveratrol was successfully loaded on nanofibrils due to possible hydrogen bonding interactions and other non-covalent linkages. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 61.1% was achieved using low concentrations of resveratrol (10mg in 1ml), whereas encapsulation efficiency of 48.3% was achieved for high concentrations of resveratrol (20mg in 1ml. The assessed weight loss, total acidity, color, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities showed similar to 50% increases in the shelf-life and prevention of enzymatic browning due to improved bioavailability of resveratrol. The current study could successfully demonstrate antioxidant potency of resveratrol in sliced apples and help better protections against ageing. The formula can be used as a protective layer on high-value food products such as fruits susceptible to deteriorative conditions.

Recently, Ti-Ni based intermetallic alloys with shape memory effect (SME) have attracted much attention as promising functional materials for the development of record small nanomechanical tools, such as nanotweezers, for 3D manipulation of the real nano-objects. The problem of the fundamental restrictions on the minimal size of the nanomechanical device with SME for manipulation is connected with size effects which are observed in small samples of Ti-Ni based intermetallic alloys with thermoplastic structural phase transition from austenitic high symmetrical phase to low symmetrical martensitic phase. In the present work, by combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics modelling, austenite has been shown to be more stable than martensite in nanometer-sized TiNi wafers. In this case, the temperature of the martensitic transition asymptotically decreases with a decrease in the plate thickness h, and the complete suppression of the phase transition occurs for a plate with a thickness of 2 nm, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the theoretical values obtained indicate the potential for even greater minimization of nanomechanical devices based on SME in TiNi.

Recent progress in design of nanomechanical tools with shape memory effect (SME) resulted in successful realization of the new systems for 3D nanomanipulation and bottom-up nanointegration of the nanoobjects like CNT, nanowires etc. SME demands controlled heating of the active layer of the shape memory nanotool. The heating can lead to thermal drift and errors in positioning of the nanotool. The paper presents the experimental data on the thermal expansion of a new heating system which includes two tungsten needles, numerical modeling and experimental data on the thermal expansion of a heating system with the tungsten microneedle depending on the configuration of its tip geometry. It is proved that the control system for nanomechanical devices including the two microneedles and the microneedle with optimized profile demonstrates both improved precision of positioning (less than 50 nm) and smaller electric energy consumption.

The numerous 1-D and 2-D nanomaterials: nanotubes, nanowires (NWs), graphene, etc. were discovered, synthesized and intensively studied in the past decades. These nanomaterials had appeared to reveal the unique physical and functional properties allowing constructing the large number of nanodevice based on single nanoobjects. Recently many studies have led to a wide range of proof-of-concept of individual nanoscale devices including nanolasers, nanosensors, field-effect transistors (nanoFETs) and many others based on NWs, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and many other nanoobjects. Such nanodevices represent attractive building blocks for hierarchical assembly of microscale and macroscopic devices which are attractive for creating of micro-and –macro-devices and arrays by the bottom-up and hybrid paradigm. In this paper the conceptual survey is given of nowadays achievements in the field of mechanical bottom-up nanoassembling. We emphasize on the system based on smallest and the fastest in the World nanotweezer developed on the base of the new smart materials with shape memory effect for nanomanipulation of real nanoobjects. We discuss the recent experiments on nanomanipulation, nanoassembling and nanomanufacturing of nanoand micro-devices using this method, which in many cases can replaced very expensive “top-down” technologies.

Nanotweezers based on the shape memory effect have been developed and tested. In combination with a commercial nanomanipulator, they allow 3D nanoscale operation controlled in a scanning electron microscope. Here we apply the tweezers for the fabrication of nanostructures based on whiskers of NbS3, a quasi one-dimensional compound with room-temperature charge density wave (CDW). The nanowhiskers were separated without damage from the growth batch, an entangled array, and safely transferred to a substrate with a preliminary deposited Au film. The contacts were fabricated with Pt sputtering on top of the whisker and the film. The high degree of synchronization of the sliding CDW under a RF field with a frequency up to 600 MHz confirms the high quality of the contacts and of the sample structure after the manipulations. The proposed technique paves the way to novel type micro- and nanostructures fabrication and their various applications.

Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences The paper presents the results of fabrication and structural study of SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures. The results of experimental studies of the spin current arising in the regime of ferromagnetic resonance are presented. The spin-orbit interaction present in 5d-oxides of transition metals, which is SrIrO3, provides an effective conversion of spin current to charge current due to the inverse spin Hall effect. The angular dependence of spin magnetoresistance makes it possible to determine the angle of the spin Hall effect.