The June 2009 Town Hall meeting of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) and a subsequent survey considered whether or not STP should endorse a published proposal ( Toxicol Pathol 37: 553–561, 2009) by the International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists (IFSTP) to provide global recognition by credential review for toxicologic pathologists engaged in regulatory-type, nonclinical toxicology studies. One-third (374 of 1082) of STP members answered the survey. The majority of respondents rejected the IFSTP proposal (55% against) but favored the concept of global recognition (57% for), if available to both anatomic pathologists and clinical pathologists (67% for). Members preferred recognition by credential review (49% for) or via an internationally authored “best practices” document detailing the ideal educational and work experiences required for entry-level proficiency in toxicologic pathology (43% for). Therefore, the STP Executive Committee does not endorse the current IFSTP proposal but will continue discussions on global recognition of qualified toxicologic pathologists with other societies of toxicologic pathology.

ILSI-HESI sponsored an international consortium for the evaluation of alternative models, including the Trp53+/- mouse, for use in short-term carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals. Products of the ILSI evaluation included guidance for protocol design and assay interpretation, spontaneous tumor incidences, diagnostic criteria for common proliferative lesions, and results of assays for pharmaceutical agents that are known human and/or rodent carcinogens and non-carcinogens. Based on the ILSI evaluation, recommended protocol elements for this model include: 26-week study duration, groups greater than or equal to15/sex/dose, a positive control group (benzene or p-cresidine), a negative control group and 3 dose groups, the high dose set at MTD or MFD, routine in-life evaluations, and complete necropsies with microscopic evaluation of tissues. Favored statistical analyses are trend tests or pair-wise comparisons, with no adjustments for survival. For an assay to be valid, positive control groups must demonstrate an effect, and the MTD or MFD must be reached in both sexes. Criteria for a negative response include a valid assay, no statistical increase in common tumors, no biologically significant numerical increase in rare tumors, and no tumor incidence above that of historical controls. Positive responses can consist of statistically significant increases in the incidence of a common tumor or numerical increases in a rare tumor, which may not be statistically significant. In either case, the incidence should be clearly above historical control values. Evidence of a dose response or occurrence of hyperplasia in a tissue with a neoplastic response can support interpreting an assay as positive. The two most common spontaneous tumors (>1%) in Trp53+/- mice are malignant thymic lymphomas and subcutaneous sarcomas. Use of implanted electronic transponders can increase the incidence of sarcomas. Important rare spontaneous tumors (incidence less than or equal to1%) are osteosarcomas and pulmonary adenomas. Many other tumor types have been reported to occur sporadically in Trp53+/- mice. Diagnostic challenges for this model include differentiating lymphoma from atypical thymic hyperplasia and recognizing the variable histopathology of subcutaneous sarcomas. In reported bioassays, Trp53+/- mice responded positively to genotoxic carcinogens, negatively to non-genotoxic rodent carcinogens, and negatively to noncarcinogens, indicating that unlike the 2-year mouse assay, this short-term assay is not overly sensitive. Positive responses often elicited an increase in tumors that occur spontaneously. To successfully use this model, pathologists must understand the biology of the Trp53 tumor suppressor gene and the principles of protocol design and data interpretation for short-term bioassays. They must also know the historical response pattern of Trp53+/- mice to test agents and be able to accurately diagnose tumors in this model. Use of the Trp53+/- mouse presents the pharmaceutical industry with several challenges, one of which is managing the uncertainty created by a lack of precedents for regulatory decisions about some possible outcomes for short-term carcinogenicity assays.

In late December, our friend and colleague, Spencer Streett passed away after a long battle with cancer. His family lost a Ž ne husband, father, and brother. The Society lost one of its most in uential members. Spence had a career that encompassed many aspects of veterinary medicine and especially toxicologic pathology. These included the ownership and operation of a very successful small animal practice in Maryland, appointment as Director of Pathology at ICI/Zeneca and Vice President of Research at MPI Research/IRDC, and as a private consultant to industry. While his accomplishments on behalf of the discipline of toxicologic pathology are too numerous to mention, Spence was especially proud of his role in deŽ ning the association of some gastric H2-antagonists to the development of gastric and neuroendocrine carcinomas in rats and mice. He led a team of pathologists at ICI/Zeneca that studied the association of fundic glandular dysplasia and gastric carcinomas and was the primary author on several publications and presentations on digestive system tumors. He served the Society in many roles. He was a CoChairman for the 1985 International STP Symposium (“Renal Pathology and Toxicity”) in Washington D.C. and also led the Education Fund Committee. Spence was the Chairman of the Standardized Nomenclature project (SNDCC). When other committee members’ dedication  agged over time, Spence’s devotion to this important project assured its completion and success. He often was sought for his sound advice and insight into drug development and regulation. Spence’s interests and passions far exceeded his professional life. He was a devoted father and husband. He had a deep love for the rural way of life and farming. Many times Spence spoke with pride about his herd of Charlois cattle. In fact, when he was moving from Pennsylvania to Michigan, a major topic of discussion was whether to move the cattle or not. He enjoyed a good laugh, a Moon Pie, a drink with an umbrella in it, and the opportunity to ëbe a player’. He will be sorely missed by all who knew him. A scholarship fund will be established by the Society in his name, to encourage the training of toxicologic pathologists.

Timber is still a most useful structural material, and is often a major component in historic buildings. It has many structural and aesthetic properties, as well as being an energy-efficient and renewable resource. However, many organisms utilise timber as a food. Excessive levels of moisture and humidity provide a suitable environment for a broad spectrum of decay-causing fungi and insects. The most common organisms destructive to timber in climates of moderate-to-high relative humidity are Serpula lacrymans (dry rot), Coniophora puteana (wet rots), Anobium punctatum (common furniture beetle) and Xestobium rufovillosum (death watch beetle). This paper discusses the remedial treatments of fungal decay to timber, diagnostic inspection and environmental factors favouring the decay of timber.KeywordsTimber decayRemedial treatmentsDiagnostic inspectionFibre optic inspectionEnvironmental control

I would like to begin this paper by explaining briefly what I do at the Library and Information Statistics Unit because I think it is important to make it clear where I stand before I get

Journal Article TWO AUTOGRAPH LETTERS OF S T COLERIDGE PETER MANN PETER MANN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXV, Issue 99, 1974, Pages 312–317, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXV.99.312 Published: 01 January 1974

Growing food in abandoned inner-city areas 7 Farming other unused land 8 Reusing waste streams 8 Regional food connections 8 Opportunities for entrepreneurship 9 III. Commercial farms 11 Community gardens 13 Backyard gardens 14 VI. Challenges Facing Urban Agriculture and Responses to these Challenges 14 Land tenure 15 Start-up costs 15 Access to markets 15 Knowledge and skills 15 Seasonal limits 16 Health 17 Urban planning 17 Vandalism and crime 18 VII. Policy Changes to Promote Urban Agriculture 18 Support infrastructures for increased urban food production, processing and marketing 19 Extend to urban growers appropriate farm-related services and opportunities 20 Preserve farms on the urban fringe and support initiatives that convert idle under-used urban lands and resources to food production 21 Promote and develop training in food production 21 Sponsor and publicize research which integrates health, nutrition, food production, access, and economics together to solve city issues 21 Educate professionals so that urban agriculture is automatically considered a part of urban planning 21 VIII. Realizing the Potential of Urban Agriculture 21 IX. and the many workers in urban agriculture and food security. Please credit all sources, including this one, in all copies. If we inadvertently misused or misquoted something in this document, please contact Anne Carter 1 to immediately correct it in the web version and subsequent printings. While we recognize that agriculture is more than just growing food, this primer focuses on the production, processing and distribution of locally grown edible agricultural products that will lead to an increase in food security and overall public health. It advocates for policies that support small and medium scale urban and peri-urban farming and prepares new generations of urban farming leaders. The task is to increase public understanding that urban agriculture is a major instrument against hunger and poverty. The primer begins with an overview of the variety of forms that urban agriculture is taking in the United States, and the range of farmers found there. It also addresses some of the positive impacts – current and potential – of urban agriculture on community food security. It lists some of the challenges facing urban agriculture and suggests ways that these might be addressed. Also, it outlines key policy changes that can further expand the effectiveness of urban agriculture. The final section provides additional contacts and resources for those who are promoting sustainable and just urban food systems. Summary " To grow your …