Sensors in a networked environment which are used for security applications could be jeopardized by man-in-the-middle or address spoofing attacks. By authentication and secure data transmission of the sensor's data stream, this can be thwart by fusing the image sensor with the necessary digital encryption and authentication circuit, which fulfils the three standard requirements of cryptography: data integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation. This paper presents the development done by AIM, which led to the unique sensor SECVGA, a high performance monochrome (B/W) CMOS active pixel image sensor. The device captures still and motion images with a resolution of 800x600 active pixels and converts them into a digital data stream. Additional to a standard imaging sensor there is the capability of the on-chip cryptographic engine to provide the authentication of the sensor to the host, based on a one-way challenge/response protocol. The protocol that has been realized uses the exchange of a session key to secure the following video data transmission. To achieve this, we calculate a cryptographic checksum derived from a message authentication code (MAC) for a complete image frame. The imager is equipped with an EEPROM to give it the capability to personalize it with a unique and unchangeable identity. A two-wire I2C compatible serial interface allows to program the functions of the imager, i.e. various operating modes, including the authentication procedure, the control of the integration time, sub-frames and the frame rate.

Security applications of sensors in a networking environment has a strong demand of sensor authentication and secure data transmission due to the possibility of man-in-the-middle and address spoofing attacks. Therefore a secure sensor system should fulfil the three standard requirements of cryptography, namely data integrity, authentication and non-repudiation. This paper is intended to present the unique sensor development by AIM, the so called SecVGA, which is a high performance, monochrome (B/W) CMOS active pixel image sensor. The device is capable of capturing still and motion images with a resolution of 800x600 active pixels and converting the image into a digital data stream. The distinguishing feature of this development in comparison to standard imaging sensors is the on-chip cryptographic engine which provides the sensor authentication, based on a one-way challenge/response protocol. The implemented protocol results in the exchange of a session-key which will secure the following video data transmission. This is achieved by calculating a cryptographic checksum derived from a stateful hash value of the complete image frame. Every sensor contains an EEPROM memory cell for the non-volatile storage of a unique identifier. The imager is programmable via a two-wire I2C compatible interface which controls the integration time, the active window size of the pixel array, the frame rate and various operating modes including the authentication procedure.

Highly regular spatio-temporal or multi-dimensional patterns in the quantum mechanical probability or classical field intensity distributions can appear due to pair interference between individual eigen-modes of the system forming the so called intermode traces. These patterns are strongly pronounced if the intermode traces are multi-degenerate. This phenomenon occurs in many areas of wave physics.

For a large class of quantized ergodic flows the quantum ergodicity theorem states that almost all eigen functions become equidistributed in the semiclassical limit. In this work we give a short introduction to the formulation of the quantum ergodicity theorem for general observables in terms of pseudodifferential operators and show that it is equivalent to the semiclassical eigenfunction hypothesis for the Wigner function in the case of ergodic systems. Of great importance is the rate by which the quantum-mechanical expectation values of an observable tend to their mean value. This is studied numerically for three Euclidean billiards (stadium, cosine, and cardioid billiard) using up to 6000 eigenfunctions. We find that in configuration space the rate of quantum ergodicity is strongly influenced by localized eigenfunctions such as bouncing-ball modes or scarred eigenfunctions. We give a detailed discussion and explanation of these effects using a simple but powerful model. For the rate of quantum ergodicity in momentum space we observe a slower decay. We also study the suitably normalized fluctuations of the expectation values around their mean and find good agreement with a Gaussian distribution.

Recently W. Kinzel found characteristic structures, e. g. canals and ridges, in the contour plot of the quantum probability density of a particle moving in a box with infinitely high walls. Using the Wigner function we provide an analytical explanation of this numerical observation. Moreover we demonstrate that similar space-time structures also appear in other potentials, such as the one governing the vibrational motion of a diatomic molecule.

We study the number of bouncing ball modes in a class of two-dimensional quantized billiards with two parallel walls. Using an adiabatic approximation we show that asymptotically for , where depends on the shape of the billiard boundary. In particular for the class of two-dimensional Sinai billiards, which are chaotic, one can get arbitrarily close (from below) to , which corresponds to the leading term in Weyl's law for the mean behaviour of the counting function of eigenstates. This result shows that one can come arbitrarily close to violating quantum ergodicity. We compare the theoretical results with the numerically determined counting function for the stadium billiard and the cosine billiard and find good agreement.

We investigate the classical and quantum dynamics of atoms moving in a phase-modulated standing light field.

We investigate the classical and quantum dynamics of atoms moving in a phase-modulated standing light field. In both cases the width of the momentum distribution exhibits characteristic oscillations as a function of the modulation amplitude. We argue that at the maxima of these oscillations the system is chaotic, whereas in the valleys it is almost regular. Quantum localization appears only in the chaotic regime. We connect our analysis with a recent experiment [F. Moore et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2974 (1994)].