为探索小麦新品种襄麦D51的适宜播期与密度组合,于2016—2017年在襄阳市农业科学院以襄麦D51为材料进行了播期与密度的裂区二因素试验.结果表明,不同播期处理条件下,单位面积有效穗数差异不显著,每穗粒数和平均产量随播期推迟显著提高,千粒重随播期推迟显著下降;不同播种密度条件下,有效穗数、千粒重和平均产量差异均不显著,每穗粒数随密度增加显著下降.平均产量的播期与密度互作效应显著,最佳播期为11月4日、播种密度为每公顷315万基本苗.

In order to investigate the response of a newly bred wheat variety Xiangmai D31 to sowing date and planting density,a field experiment with split plot design was conducted at Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hubei Province during 2015-2016 growing season.The results showed that the grain yield of Xiangmai D31 were significantly different among sowing dates from Oct.14 to Nov.8 due to significant influences on spike number per hm2 and 1 000-grain weight,but there was not significant influence on grains per spike.Results showed that the maximum grain yield was obtained on sowing date of Oct.29,with average yield of 7 329.5 kg · hm-2.The planting density study from 1 800 000 to 3 150 000 seedlings per hm2 showed that 1 000-grain weight was insensitive to different wheat density.Spike number per hm2 was significantly improved by the increase of planting density with negative influence on grains per spike.As a result,the average grain yield was not significantly different among varied planting densities.Results also showed that quality parameters had different reacting trends referring to the sowing date and planting density.The comprehensive trial results suggested that the suitable sowing date for Xiangmai D31(in 2015) should be from Oct.24 to Nov.3 and the suitable planting density should be 1 800 000 seedlings per hm2 with the optimum yield and quality sown on Oct.29.

当培养条件、胚龄、胚发育期间的积温一致时,培养基就成为胚萌发和成苗的关键性影响因素.选用4种培养基(B5、B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA、1/2MS、1/2MS+0.1mg/LBAP+0.1mg/L NAA)培养3个小麦杂交组合F2与玉米杂交获得的单倍体胚,以比较不同培养基对单倍体胚的萌发和成苗的影响.结果显示,不同培养基单倍体胚的平均萌发率和平均成苗率存在极显著差异,胚萌发率表现为1/2MS(75.24％)＞1/2MS+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(68.68％)＞B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(67.00％)＞B5(66.67％);胚成苗率表现为:1/2MS(63.11％)＞B5(50.67％)＞B5+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/LNAA(4.00％)＞1/2MS+0.1mg/L BAP+0.1mg/L NAA(3.30％).无激素的1/2MS上单倍体胚的平均萌发率(75.24％)和平均成苗率(63.11％)都最高,能稳定地一次成苗.不同杂交组合后代的单倍体胚的平均萌发率和平均成苗率也存在极显著差异.表明小麦基因型是影响单倍体胚萌发和成苗的重要因素,无激素的1/2MS最适合于小麦单倍体胚的萌发和一次成苗.

To explore a convenient,safe and efficient wheat haploid plantlets doubling method,three concentrations of colchicine(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%)and three processing durations(3h,4h,5h),with supplementary treatments of light or darkness,pumping into air or not,drilling tiller node or not,and root-soaking treatments were used in this study to investigate their effects on doubling of the haploid plantlets from wheat× maize.The results showed that 90% of doubling frequency was obtained under the treatment of root-soaking for 3~4hwith 0.2% Colchicine and 30mL·L-1 DMSO,in combination with pumping into air and no lights throughout the procedure.Darkness and continuous aeration in the whole process could improve both survival rate and doubling frequency,which was especially important when a high colchicine concentration with prolonged processing duration was applied.Tiller node drilling process somewhat hurted the treated plants and consequently reduced survival rate,while increased doubling frequency at low colchicine concentration with short processing duration;however,this treatment was not useful for time-prolonged treatments using either low or high concentrations of colchicine.

With an increasing utilization of pyrethroids pesticide in crops, the pesticide residue has been a big problem. Fenvalerate is one of the most commonly used pyrethroids pesticide, which remains the highest ratio of residue. The traditional testing methods are rather complicated, costly, inefficient and fail to be widely used. In order to establish a rapid, convenient and spot-oriented method for testing fenvalerate based on immunoassay, the synthesis methods of fenvalerate hapten and immunogen have been elaborated on, with the aim of offering some useful information to researchers in this field.

小麦单倍体试管苗的移栽成活率影响着整个单倍体育种的效率。概括了小麦单倍体试管苗的炼苗和移栽技术。

Purity, clarity, germination rate and moisture content are four indicators of seed quality. No matter which of them is not up to the national standards,the seed will be clarified to unqualified seed. To ensure accurate, reliable and repeatable results of wheat germination test, we must follow the germination test procedures requested in GB/T 3543.1-1995 Inspection Regulations of Crop Seed, and use operation experiences to reduce error or failure during the germination test. Methods and steps of wheat germination test were summarized in this article.

针对生产上遇到的大棚草莓畸形果的问题,提出了控制温湿度、避开花期施药、合理施肥、放蜂授粉、及时疏花疏果、喷施植物生长调节剂等措施,以减少大棚草莓畸形果的产生,提高果重和果实品质。

详细介绍了四季秋海棠的形态特征与生态习性,并总结出了四季秋海棠的繁殖方法与栽培管理等多方面的内容。